Human dust, Tongkeng Mountain Pass.
The time has come, and everyone must judge their fate. When they are old, heroes only write books.
Wu Huiyun Cang Dog, and Bai Ou at the beginning of autumn water.
Looking for a gentleman makes a smoke wave, and 72 peaks come to fish. ?
? This poem was written by Yin, a famous minister in Qing Dynasty. Yin was born in Taoyuan, Hunan. Daoguang has been a scholar for thirty years. He was an official in Shaanxi and Henan. Appointed by the military government as a court official, assisted by Mao Yunxi as a guest of honor. His achievements are obvious. During his tenure at Yushitai, Yin was famous for daring to speak, especially for impeaching He Chang. Until the tenth year of Xianfeng, it was Yin who made a detailed investigation of its disadvantages, published the famous "Illegal Dismissal of the River Chief" and tried his best to impeach it, which made the Qing court angry and merged the Governor's Office of Nanhe, thus fundamentally eliminating the long-term extravagance of the River Chief. This poem entitled "LAM Raymond's Talk on Deng Weishan Road Writing with Pictures" is one of his famous poems. The phrase "when the times come, everyone judges fate, and old heroes only write books" is a feeling for Li Ciqing, a famous talent in Pingjiang.
? Li tattoo is Li, and tattoo is his epigraph. Li Tattoo, also known as Li, is a legend in Pingjiang. When I was a child, I often heard anecdotes about Gong Li from my elders, such as Li Ciqing's quick reading and quick writing, which made me curious about this legendary figure. This time, I searched and rummaged through ancient books, hoping to outline a vague image for this legendary figure and make a biography for this Hunan genius.
? Pingjiang is a remote place with simple folk customs and strong style of study. Many newspapers reported the establishment of private schools in Pingjiang the year before last. For ordinary people, it is a good thing to be a little warmer in this materialistic society. Pingjiang people like pairing, and there are always amazing sentences in the countryside. Tales and anecdotes of talents like Li are widely circulated in rural areas, and their stories are also circulated in Pingjiang Forum. It's just an anecdote about Li posted by Laoqiu, but it's a mistake. For example, the origin of the Yaqing Hutong is "Gong Fu, Zeng Guofan, Wang Erlie, Zheng Banqiao and Zhang Dai", and many people are accurate and have historical records. In fact, it is often difficult to find the exact gathering between celebrities like this. For example, there are many archetypes of celebrities in the story of two generations of love, such as Shi Jueyi and Xu Wenchang. Therefore, in this article, the boy also tries to follow the guidelines recorded in history books to avoid reasonable things and argue with the old woman for a long time.
? Li's life is bumpy and ups and downs. In its most famous season, Xiang's reputation is still above Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang. Only after the defeat and family change in Huizhou, he fell into the arms of Zeng Guofan's political enemies, Zeng Guofan was impeached several times, and finally Li lost his official position and returned to his hometown. Throughout Li's life, his martial arts is brilliant, and so is his literary talent. At the beginning of Zeng Guofan's life, if Li abandoned his post and followed, I'm afraid Zeng Guofan would have been buried at the bottom of Jiujiang Lake. Since then, Xiang lost his generals, and Li and Taqibu were killed one after another. Li was ordered to stick to Yushan Mountain and resist "thieves". The governor of Jiangxi at that time said: "It is unheard of to use 3,000 hungry soldiers as tens of thousands of thieves to fight by himself." After the war, Hu Linyi recommended talents to the imperial court, and Li's name tied for first place with Shen Baozhen and Zuo. It can be seen that Li was also a rare general in the early days of Xiang army. However, in the Draft of Qing History, the evaluation of Li Ciqing is really not high: "Du Yuan writes well and talks about war, but he does things repeatedly." (Biography of the Draft of the Qing Dynasty (Volume 195)) This means that although he has a good article and likes to talk about soldiers, he often does bad things when he leads troops to fight, just like talking about a Zhao Kuo II. ?
? It is even more straightforward to say that "the literati of Yuan Zaju have broken their promises, and the army still hopes for it." The translation is: "Li is just a scholar. What he said is not good, so he can get along with the Xiang army until now. The soldiers just flatter him because he is a veteran." This is simply pointing at your nose and laughing, but is this the case? It is also a memorial of the Qing Dynasty, and the merits of Li Ciqing are recorded as follows: "In four years, Xiangtan was restored, the magistrate was protected, and the cabinet was given a book title." "In seven years, 20,000 thieves attacked Yushan, and only 700 guards fought against it ... the thief was poor in skills, and the ambush invited him, An Ren, He He. Meeting with the mountains and rivers, giving Zhejiang a warm road "is recorded in more detail in another biography of Qing history, which records the history of Qing dynasty:" In February of seven years, thieves corrected 30 thousand people in Anren, fought in yingtan and beheaded thousands of people; Appreciate Hualing and give Tongzhi a title. " "If you move to Yushan, you are a thief, and the guards are only seven hundred; Li Yuanchen was restrained and shot in the left cheek, and the movement was not small. "
? Generally speaking, Li was an indispensable general in the early days of Xiang Army. From the second year of Xianfeng, Zeng Guofan began to practice Yong ying. In the early stage, Wuchang, Ketianjia Town and Kedong Township were recovered, and Fuzhou was attacked, and all battles were successful. Xianfeng seven years, victory over yingtan, plus the title of magistrate. During these five years, several incompetent generals under Zeng Guofan, such as Li and Taqibu, were not his own people. Especially after World War I, Li was not only awarded the titles of registered Taoist priest, provincial judge and "Batulu" for his bravery and good fighting, but also improved to a certain extent in Zeng Guofan's mind. In a letter shortly thereafter, it is not difficult for us to see Li's position in Zeng Guofan's mind. ?
? "Walking into this fertile land in southern Anhui is promising. I use you to fill in the blanks. There will be a trip to Weiyang next year, and the four governments and one state will respect each other. Generally speaking, you are responsible for local affairs, and military affairs are high in the season. If the promotion collapses, the two companies will do business. " ("Zeng Guofan's Letter") High-tech is the word of the left. Li is in charge of government affairs and the left is in charge of military affairs. It was done after two people discussed it. It can be seen that Zeng Guofan compared Li with Zuo at that time. If we go along this road, Li's subsequent development will be limitless. Not only will his province be at your fingertips, but it is not impossible to get in and out of the department and the library to take charge of Chinese books. However, fate played a big joke on Li at this moment. ?
? In August of the tenth year of Xianfeng, Zhang and He Chun were killed and committed suicide one after another, and Jiangsu and Zhejiang were in a comprehensive emergency. Luo Zundian, the new governor of Zhejiang Province, once worked in Hubei and had a deep friendship with Hu, Zeng and other Xiang leaders. At this critical moment, he naturally turned to Xiang for help. At that time, the ministries of the Xiang army were pinned down by the Taiping rebels in Hubei, Jiangxi and Anhui provinces and could not travel to Zhejiang. As a last resort, he joined the army again and played the role of Liao Hua again. At that time, Li was in Huining, and led 3,000 troops of Xiang Army to Huizhou to take over the defense in southern Anhui. At that time, Li Shixian, the serving king, and Yang Fuqing, the auxiliary king, led the Taiping Army into Kening State and beheaded Zhou Tianshou, the prefect, and his men. Li was defeated in Jixi, and he took office less than 10 days. Huizhou Xuan was captured by the Taiping Army. He "avoided repeated deaths" and defeated Zhejiang. It was this ordinary failure that became a turning point for Li Yisheng because of improper handling. ?
? Li first wandered outside for more than half a month before slowly returning to Qimen Camp, but when he saw Zeng Guofan, he still shirked his responsibility. What is particularly outrageous is that Zeng Guofan did not "stay in the camp and listen to the test and go home" after face-to-face teaching. Zeng Guofan had to sigh that if "people have no regrets", then "God's will is hard to survive"; So I played Li, and asked him to "dismiss from office and ask." ?
? If this is enough, after all, Zeng Guofan's personal relationship with Li has always been good. At that time, the item was extremely employing people. Over time, Li will be reinstated. However, Li is unwilling to be lonely. At the end of the eleventh year of Xianfeng, Li accepted the invitation of the Governor of Zhejiang to raise brave aid for Zhejiang, Keyining, Fengxin and Ruizhou. In fact, the Taiping Army stationed at that time withdrew on its own, but Li reported "rehabilitation" under various circumstances, so he resumed the punishment of being dismissed last time and awarded the title of special envoy. Because of this "former negative minister, after negative Wang Youling. Laws are hard to forgive, and feelings are hard to forgive. Soon, he was once again disintegrated by Zeng Guofan, accusing him of "being unable to defend Huizhou before" and failing to help Zhejiang in time, and claiming that he had "taken a risk" in the western provinces and counties of Lianjiang. Finally, he was dismissed from office and returned to China. Since then, "Dumen has never heard of what's going on in the world. "Ended his early military career.
? Of course, Zeng Guofan's so-called "negative minister first, then negative Wang Youling" has its profound background. At that time, the Governor of Zhejiang actually belonged to the He Guiqing Group, which had always been hostile to Xiang, and Li also took refuge knowing this. This behavior of treating old friends with BOC and enemies with wisdom is also the main reason for Zeng Guofan's anger and hatred. On the other hand, Li Hongzhang fell out with Zeng Guofan. Li Hongzhang left Qimen for more than a year. Yuan Jiasan, Sheng Bao, Dexing 'ao, Wang Youling and others invited him many times and promised to be re-insured. Li Hongzhang was unmoved and would rather stay in Jiangxi. It is precisely because of this "loyalty" quality that Zeng Guofan praised it and invited Li Hongzhang to hold an important position in Anqing. ?
? Although Li mishandled the defeat of Huizhou, his strategy of using troops was remarkable. Starting from 3,000 Pingjiang Yong, Zeng Guofan's embattled presence in Jiangxi is his unique side. After that, he fought in Weiyang. "There was no general in Shu, and Liao Hua was the pioneer", but he also made outstanding achievements. Later, the suppression of Yunnan-Guizhou bandits also showed that he was really unique in the military. Zeng Guofan has a pertinent comment in the preface of "A Brief Introduction to the State of Korea": "Two young people and four provinces are still raising troops. The so-called loyalty is not true; If you make up your mind to write a book, you will become brave. Therefore, the martial arts mentioned by Li is undoubtedly the Three Kingdoms Liao Hua.
? What Li was most praised for in the officialdom of the late Qing Dynasty was not his martial arts, but his literary talent. Li has the nickname of "God and Li", and his skills in couplet and parallel prose are one of the best in Xiang Army. ?
Li Ciqing Fang Bo Si Liu, a note in Qing Dynasty, shows that Li Ciqing took over the Huizhou Defence Force during the rebellion of Guangdong and Koukou. Only three days later, the army collapsed and Hui Jun fell. Ceng Wenzheng was very scared, so he called for the adoption of military laws. He was ordered to be lenient in defending the border. In fact, Zheng Wen loved his talents deeply and wanted to kill them. There is a sentence in Li's "Apology": "A gentleman originally loved virtue, but he also cultivated it; The Prime Minister has the right to know why I gave birth to me. " Zheng Wen's auxiliary pen criticized the later generations: "Good 46, good articles, good talents. (Fang Bo: The leader of ancient governors was called Fang Bo, and later generations used it as a general term for local governors. Used as a title of respect for ministers in Ming and Qing Dynasties. No comments)?
Apart from poems and couplets, Li's most important work is A Brief Introduction to Zhou Dynasty, which records important political figures such as Xianfeng, Zeng Guofan, Zuo Zongtang and Li Hongzhang during Tongzhi period. The book A Brief Introduction to the State Dynasty was written in the fifth year of Tongzhi in Qing Dynasty (1866), and collected 1008 representatives from the founding of the People's Republic of China to Xianfeng Dynasty (including 500 official biographies and 608 entourage), which were divided into seven parts: famous officials, famous Confucianism, Confucian classics, wenyuan, Yi, Xunliang and filial piety. It has always been an important reference for the study of Qing history.
? However, although Li is famous all over the world, it is hard to convince people that he is "the first in Hunan and the seventh in the world". Boys think the person who said this sentence is too flattering. It is not easy to be seventh in Hunan, let alone seventh in the world. Even if Tao Shu and Wei Yuan are willing, Tang Peng and Zeng Guofan may not be willing, but even if Wei Yuan and Zeng Guofan are willing, Wang Kaiyun and Luo Zenan will definitely not. Studying Li's life, it is difficult for him to be named Xiang, but what is most worth mentioning is "getting down to business". However, the boy's exploration of official documents also found a big doubt. According to Zeng Guofan, there should be others besides Li, the author of "A Brief History of the Kingdom". "The first thing in the Qing Dynasty was to get down to business, and at the same time, to compile people until May 6, Li Shu's biography of Pingjiang was fortunate." At the end of Daoguang, I heard that Qian Yanshi of Jiaxing did a good thing, imitating Jiao Yue's Fairy Lu Zheng, that is, Chao Guo's Fairy Lu Zheng ................................................................................ ""... I hope that I can persevere in my chastity, search for Qian's suicide note, participate in the restoration, pay attention to my age, praise and criticize carefully, and take good care of it, and finally become a book of enlightenment. "(Zeng Guofan's" A Brief Selection of the First Merchants in Qing Dynasty "-that is," The First Merchants in the Country "is not a note)?
? According to Zeng Guofan, Li once "collected money suicide notes, participated in restoration and practiced for many years". Therefore, it is not reasonable to regard The Brief of the State Dynasty as just a compilation of Li. For a long time, The First Shang Lue of the Kingdom is an indispensable reference book for studying the historical materials of the Qing Dynasty, in which there are many revealing descriptions about the prosperity and war of the Xiang Army. Of course, compared with another Xiang Jun Zhi, which also explains the history of Xiang Jun, Zhou Chao First Shang Lue is more secretive and less exposed, but it is elegant in writing, rich in characters and exquisite in event description. Because of this, since the late Qing Dynasty, the evaluation of Li has been improved one by one, and there is a vague comparison in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Here, the boy is afraid to be shy, and he hopes that Qian Yanshi can get a name to comfort him underground.
? Secondly, at the end of Qing Dynasty, people were always afraid of writing, such as Dai Mingshi's Nanshan Collection and Jin Yong's ancestor Justine. Therefore, in the Qing dynasty, the records in the history books should be regarded as the most unreliable. "I shot 3 18 rabbits a day, which is beyond the reach of ordinary people." ? This absurd case is solemnly recorded in historical materials such as Qing Dian Zhang and The Record of the Holy Father, which makes people particularly excited to read. Killing 3 18 rabbits a day takes 12 hours, even from dawn at 6: 00 a.m. to dark at 6: 00 p.m., without food, rest or water, which means killing a rabbit in an average of 2.26 minutes, which is almost as efficient as machine gun shooting.
? Therefore, the credibility of many widely circulated historical books in Qing Dynasty is not as good as the private notes of some celebrities and court officials, which is also an anomaly in the cultural history of China. Wang Kaiyun's Xiang Jun Zhi was destroyed by Guo Songtao in the eighth year of Guangxu because of Zeng Guofan and Ceng Guoquan. They were all kept in secret, and were later reprinted in Sichuan. However, after many additions and deletions, Ceng Guoquan was still very dissatisfied, and ordered his Wang Ding 'an to start a new stove and make a new collection of Xiang Jun, in order to save his influence. Of course, Li's "A Brief Introduction to Chao Zheng" has now been proved, and most of the sketches written in it are true, but compared with Dong Hu, the differences between them can't be recorded in the Taoist scriptures.
? Li is a civil and military generalist, and he is kind. He has been in the army for decades and has never killed anyone in vain. Anyone who binds a thief will be solved with a pro-cymbal and tasted it seven or eight times. Male stubbornness, mother as big as a child, thicker than a parent; The school has classes, the school has money, and the hometown neighbors are on fire. At the junction of Pingjiang three provinces, a county seat was set up and machinery was set up to train Ding; Coaches and policemen multiply, relying on solidity. Zhushantang and Guangrencang are established, and the loan is free of interest. You must be careful when you create Pingjiang Zhong Yi Temple and repair new temples.
? Now, how far their descendants are overseas, and there are many outstanding people, which is the remaining shade. The boy thinks it's appropriate to discuss Gong Li's "being strong as Liao Hua and writing as Zhao Wei".
Attachment: Li's Rise and Fall: From: In the twenty-third year of Daoguang, I was awarded the second class merit and chose Qianyang County to teach. In the third year of Xianfeng, Zeng Guofan was in charge of camp affairs, during which he repeatedly made meritorious military service, added provincial judges and rewarded Batulu for use. In February, Tongzhi granted Zhejiang Salt Transport Ambassador and Provincial Judge.
Autumn: August of four years, to Qimen. When puppet Wang Shi Li Shixian was trapped in Ningguo, Shoujiang was killed on Sunday; Less than ten days after the Yuan Dynasty arrived in Huizhou, Huizhou fell into the city and was dismissed. In March, Zeng Guofan, the governor of Liangjiang, returned to his hometown without authorization after being blamed, that is, he was removed from his post, exempted from punishment, and still sent to the left for use. 1 1 month, Liu Qing, an imperial envoy, talked about the collapse: asking for arrears of wages, losing people and officials, and getting the purpose: discussing crimes in the second half and sending them to the military platform for effectiveness. Later, with the strong mediation of Zuo Zongshang and others, all previous efforts were abandoned and his dismissal was avoided. From: Five years of Tongzhi, Guizhou rebelled against Miao, Huang and Bai and ravaged Sinan, Shiqian, Sizhou, Zunyi and Tongren. Zhang transferred Yuan to Guizhou and granted Yunnan provincial judges.
Fall: Return to China with the last support.
Said by: In the eighth year of Guangxu, Ding Mu was worried. Ten years, the more chaotic the law is. With the Minister of War, he supervised Guangdong Haiphong and extended Yuan's management business. In June of 11th year, he was awarded a judge in Guizhou Province. In February of 13th year, he was promoted to deployment in Guizhou and died in September.