2 "National Collection of Chinese Herbal Medicine": Putao 2. 1 Pinyin name Chòu Wú Tónɡ
2.2 The aliases of Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Peach Blossom, Clove, Juglans mandshurica and backyard flower.
2.3 It comes from Stinky Peony. Erythrina of Verbenaceae in Changshan, Haizhou, whose roots, stems and leaves are used as medicine. Picking roots in spring and autumn, picking leaves before flowering and drying in the sun.
2.4 Sexual taste is bitter, sweet and flat.
2.5 Indications: expelling wind and dampness and lowering blood pressure. Roots and leaves: rheumatoid arthritis, hypertension, dysentery, malaria. Leaves: External use for treating tinea manuum, paddy field dermatitis, eczema and hemorrhoids.
2.6 The dosage of peach root and leaf is 0.3 ~1; Apply appropriate amount of leaves externally, and decoct and wash the affected part.
2.7 Note (1) Rheumatic arthralgia is often used with Hedyotis diffusa, or simply decocted. It is used to treat hypertension, and it is generally believed that Indus has a good curative effect before flowering; It is not advisable to cook at high temperature, otherwise the antihypertensive effect may be weakened. In addition, bathing with this product will cause eczema and itching.
2.8 Excerpted from the National Compilation of Chinese Herbal Medicine
3 Chinese Materia Medica: Putao 3. 1 From Compendium of Materia Medica
3.2 Pinyin name Tónɡ
3.3 English names Harlequin Glorybower Leaf and Twig
3.4 The aliases of Putao are Putao, Putao, Putao, Putao, Putao, Putao, Putao, Putao, Putao, Putao, Putao, Putao and Putao.
3.5 Source: twigs and leaves of verbena Platanus acerifolia.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: Stinky Peony.
Harvesting and storage: harvesting in June10, bundling and drying.
3.6 Changshan Mountain in Haizhou is in primitive form, with shrubs or small trees, and its height is 1.5 10m. Young branches, petioles and inflorescences are somewhat yellowish brown or subglabrous; The old branches are grayish white, with lenticels, white pith and yellowish thin diaphragm. Single leaf opposite; Petiole 28cm dragon; The leaves are papery, broadly ovoid, ovoid, ovoid or triangular-ovoid, 5 17cm long and 5 14cm wide. The tip is pointed or tapered, the base is wide wedge-shaped to wedge-shaped, and occasionally there are heart-shaped, whole or wavy teeth, and both sides are short or nearly hairless. 35 contralateral veins. Corymbose cymes are terminal or prostrate, scattered, usually forked, with inflorescence length of 8 18cm, peduncle length of 36cm, bracts elliptic and caducous; Calyx is green and white when young, then purple-red, the base is United, the middle is slightly enlarged, with 5 edges, the apex is 5-parted, and the lobes are triangular-lanceolate or ovate; Corolla white or pinkish, corolla tube thin, apex 5-lobed, lobes oblong; Stamens 4, protruding from corolla and style. Drupe is subglobose, 68 mm in diameter, surrounded by enlarged persistent calyx, and blue-purple when mature. The flowering and fruiting period is 6 1 1 month.
3.7 Habitat distribution Ecological environment: Born in the hillside bushes.
Distribution of resources: distributed in North China, East China, Central South and Southwest China.
3.8 Cultivation techniques are mainly used for propagation. In the north, after plants wither, they are planed out and divided into 38 plants according to the size of their mother plants. Then planted in holes with a hole distance of 60cm×30cm and a hole depth of 1520cm. After planting, they are covered with soil, compacted and watered.
3.9 Character identification Branchlets are round or slightly square, about 3mm in diameter, yellow-green, with longitudinal fine wrinkles, yellow punctate lenticels, densely short hairs and slightly old hairs falling off; Brittle and easily broken, with yellowish wood and white pith. Leaves opposite, wrinkled and curled, or broken. After flattening, the intact leaves are broadly oval or oval, 7 15cm long and 59cm wide. The apex is tapered, the base is broadly wedge-shaped or truncated, the whole leaf has wavy teeth, the top is gray-green, the bottom is yellow-green, and both sides are pubescent. Petiole 28 cm long, densely pubescent. Flowers are mostly withered, yellow-brown, with long stalks and stamens protruding outside the corolla; Those who have borne fruit, the calyx is persistent, yellow, with fruit inside, triangular, oval, taupe and wrinkled. The smell is different, bitter and astringent. It is best to have dried flowers and green leaves. Microscopic identification of leaf cross section: upper and lower epidermal cells 1 row, obvious cuticle, and stomata on the lower surface. The section of glandular scale is oblate, with glandular hairs pedicled with single cells, and non-glandular hairs can be seen locally. Palisade histiocytes 12 rows, sponge histiocytes sparsely arranged. The upper and lower epidermis of the main vein have thick keratinous tissue. There are more than 7 10 vascular bundles outside the main vein, which are arranged in a nearly circular shape. The center of the main vein is a parenchyma cell, with occasional calcium oxalate cube, which is 10 15μm long and 69μm wide.
3. 10 Chemical constituents The leaves of Syzygium bungeanum contain flavonoid glycosides, inositol and alkaloids. Robinia pseudoacacia 7- glucuronic acid (1 → 2) glucuronide], phytohemagglutinin (lectin). Ilex pubescens A and Ilex pubescens B in Haizhou. Peach also contains glucosinolates (verbascoside).
3. 1 1 pharmacological action 1. Hypotensive effect The water decoction, water immersion, hot immersion and their extracts of Peach Blossom have hypotensive effects on anesthetized or awake rats, rabbits, cats, dogs, rats and dogs with renal hypertension in different degrees. Water immersion and decoction are the strongest, followed by fluid extract, and ethanol, ether and chloroform extracts are ineffective. Before flowering, the hypotensive effect of Platanus acerifolia was stronger than that of Platanus acerifolia, but after fruiting, the effect of collectors or old leaves weakened in the second year. The hot dip or extract was given to rats with renal hypertension by tube feeding. After 3 10d, the blood pressure decreased by 16% and 57.4% respectively. The level before drug administration was restored within 2 weeks after drug withdrawal. Intravenous administration in anesthetized dogs and rats showed a two-phase hypotensive effect: 1 phase was strong and short, which appeared immediately after injection and lasted for 3060min；; The second stage is mild and lasting, and most of them appear at 3050 minutes after administration. Intramuscular injection or oral administration only showed the second phase of antihypertensive effect, which lasted for 23 hours; Intravenous injection of decoction only showed the hypotensive effect of 1 period, but oral administration was ineffective. Therefore, it is considered that the antihypertensive effect of 1 phase may be nonspecific and seems to have no therapeutic value. The hypotensive effect of Platanus orientalis was obviously weakened, and the second hypotensive effect of Platanus orientalis was almost completely eliminated after ammonium hexahydrocarbonate was used or the spinal cord was cut at the second cervical vertebra. Platanus acerifolia can inhibit the pressor reflex caused by electrical stimulation of peroneal nerve and long-term compression of carotid artery, and can act on pulmonary vascular receptors to cause blood pressure drop. After intravenous injection of procaine blocked the receptor, the antihypertensive effect disappeared completely or mostly. Therefore, it is considered that the hypotensive effect of Platanus orientalis is mainly realized by inhibiting the reflex mechanism of vascular motor center and intravascular receptors. In addition, it is reported that the hot dip of Prunus persica and Prunus persica A can slightly block the contraction of the transient membrane caused by electrical stimulation of the preganglionic fibers of the superior cervical ganglion in cats. Peach blossom has a direct relaxing effect on the blood vessels of toad hind limbs. Therefore, it is considered that the direct vasodilation and ganglion block of Prunus persica may be involved in the antihypertensive effect of 1 phase. 2. Anti-inflammatory effect The decoction of clove, Herba Siegesbeckiae or Bidens bipinnata has no obvious effect on formaldehyde arthritis or egg white arthritis in rats; However, Sabina vulgaris and Bidens bipinnata (1: 1) were made into decoction or ethanol infusion, and given to rats for 20g (crude drug)/(kg d) for 5 days, which had obvious inhibitory effect on the above arthritis, similar to the effect of intraperitoneal injection of 300 mg/kg sodium salicylate every day. Wu Tong Pill made of clove and Herba Siegesbeckiae (2: 1) has similar anti-inflammatory effect. Yitong pill can obviously reduce the content of vitamin C in adrenal gland of rats, which seems to stimulate the secretion of adrenal cortex. However, it can still obviously inhibit the foot swelling of rats in the upper adrenal segment caused by egg white, suggesting that its anti-inflammatory effect is not completely through the pituitary-adrenal system. 3. Analgesic effect: The hair electric shock experiment of mice showed that when the mice were injected with Zanthoxylum bungeanum decoction over 65,438 0.65 g/kg, it showed analgesic effect, reaching the peak at 2040min after administration, and then gradually decreasing for 2 hours. The analgesic effect of Platanus acerifolia before flowering is stronger than that after flowering. Peach b has a strong analgesic effect. After intraperitoneal injection of 400mg/kg and 800mg/kg in mice, the analgesic effect was stronger and more lasting than morphine 10mg/kg and 20mg/kg, respectively. 4. Sedative effect: Dropping or intraperitoneal injection of Putao decoction has mild sedative effect on mice, and increasing dose does not cause sleep. Peach A has a strong sedative effect and has a synergistic effect with the hypnotic drug pentobarbital sodium. 5. Long-term intake of Nelumbo nucifera in other rats can increase the content of gelatin-like substances in thyroid gland. This effect may be the result of inhibiting the sympathetic nerve that regulates the release of thyroid hormone into the blood, and it is not a toxic reaction. Indus has the function of expelling intestinal worms. 6. The ld50 of toxic Platanus acerifolia in mice was 20.6g/kg. The LD50 of hot infusion of Syzygium persicum in mice was 65438 09.4g/kg. /kg； Rats were given hot immersion liquid 150g/kg, and no animal died within 72 hours. The LD _ (50) of intraperitoneal injection of inducin in mice was 65438±0.84g/kg/kg (equivalent to 370 g/kg crude drug). The ld50 of Platanus acerifolia B injected intraperitoneally in mice was 3.265438±0g/kg/kg (equivalent to 550g/kg crude drug). Rats were gavaged with 0.25 g/(kg d) and 2.5 g/(kg d) hot immersion liquid for 60 days. Except for a few animals, there were no abnormal changes in growth and development, hemogram, urine and pathological examination. Putao decoction has no obvious effect on liver function, hemogram, electrocardiogram, pathological examination of heart, liver and kidney, but it can cause vomiting when the dose is above 20g/kg. It has also been reported that hematuria and proteinuria were found in a few cats during the blood pressure lowering test of Prunus persica, which may have some influence on the kidneys.
3. 12 has little toxicity. Dogs vomit after oral administration of decoction 20g/kg, but do not vomit below 10g/kg. After taking it for 3 weeks, there were no obvious changes in liver function (clearance test of B.S.P), hemogram, electrocardiogram and pathological examination of heart, liver and kidney. Rats were given 0.252.5g/kg hot soaking solution every day for 60 days, and there was no other serious toxicity except that some rats drank more water, decreased their activities and had thinner stools. After intravenous injection in mice, the lethal dose of hot soaking was 19.4g/kg, and the extract was 0.98g/kg. Gastric lavage was given to rats, with hot soaking 150g/kg and extract 17g/kg (equivalent to 300g/kg crude drug). No deaths were found within 72 hours. A few cats have hematuria and proteinuria in the experiment, which may have some influence on the kidney. Toxicity: 20g/kg stem and leaf decoction can cause vomiting when given to dogs; The lethal dose of the decoction was 20.6 g/kg after intraperitoneal injection in mice.
3. 13 processing to remove weeds, slightly soaking in clear water, moistening thoroughly, cutting into small pieces of lcm length, drying in the sun, and raw use.
3. 14 tastes bitter; Slightly spicy; gender equality
3. 15 meridian-entering the liver; Gallbladder; Spleen meridian
3. The function of16 is mainly used for expelling wind and removing dampness; Calming the liver and lowering blood pressure; Detoxify and kill insects. Treating rheumatism and arthralgia; Hemiplegia; Hypertension; Migraine; Malaria; Dysentery; Eczema and scabies
3. 17 cloves for oral administration and dosage: decocted,10/5 g, fresh 3060 g; Or soak in wine; I still took the pills and dispersed them. External use: appropriate amount, washed with water; Or tamping; Grinding, mixing or dressing.
3. 18 Note that the hypotensive effect of Prunus persica is weakened after being decocted with high fever.
3. 19 attachment ① treatment of men and women who feel rheumatism or are addicted to drinking wind, so that their feet are soft and sore and they can't walk, or their hands are tied and they can't lift them: peach 1 kg (flowers, leaves, stems and seeds can be chopped, dried and ground into powder) and grass 82 liang (fried and ground into powder). The two flavors are balanced, and the honey pill is as big as a tung. Send four yuan for white soup in the morning and evening. Avoid eating pig liver, sheep blood and other things. Or simply use two taels of Pu Tao, decoct in soup, drink with wine, and even take ten doses, or decoct in soup to wash hands and feet. ("Health Care Experience Collection" Wantong) 2 Treatment of Hemiplegia: Stems of stinky phoenix leaves are removed, dried in the sun, and ground into powder, totaling two kilograms, and one kilogram of white honey is made into pills. Boil water in the morning, drink it at night, and bring San Qian every time. ("Outline") 3 Treatment of rheumatic pain, joint pain and hypertension: Platanus acerifolia San Qian to one or two, decoction; Grinding is one yuan each time, three times a day. Can you still talk to? Combined application of mowing. ("Common Chinese Herbal Medicines in Shanghai") 4 Treat half a headache: five yuan for Sichuan pepper and two or two for stinky phoenix leaves. Stir-fry tung leaves first, then add pepper, then stir-fry, sprinkle the fire wine in the pot, mix well, pick it up, roll it in the bunker and stick it in the sore spot; Eat a bowl of hot wine, sleep with a quilt and sweat. ("Outline") ⑤ Treat all internal hemorrhoids and external hemorrhoids: seven leaves of phoenix tree, seven branches of tile pine and three whales of mirabilite. Cook soup and smoke. ("Outline") ⑥ Treatment of eczema or prickly heat: appropriate amount of phoenix tree, decoction and bathing. Common Chinese herbal medicines in Shanghai)
3.20 Clinical application of clove 1. Treatment of hypertension: Peach blossom has a mild and lasting antihypertensive effect, and has the functions of relieving hypertension symptoms, restoring heart function and resisting arterial spasm. According to the treatment results of dozens to hundreds of cases, the total effective rate of lowering blood pressure is 56.38 0.4%. Combined with the application of earthworm, the curative effect is improved, and the effective rate can reach above 8 1%. Generally, the blood pressure drops later after taking medicine, and most of them begin to drop obviously in the fourth and fifth weeks. After the blood pressure drops, if the drug is stopped, the blood pressure can rise rapidly within 12 weeks; If a small maintenance dose is given, blood pressure can usually be maintained at a reduced level. Most clinical symptoms, such as palpitation, shortness of breath, headache, dizziness, insomnia, nocturia, etc., have obviously improved or disappeared, and some angina pectoris cases have disappeared after taking the medicine. Some cases have been proved by examination: when the blood pressure is obviously reduced, the cardiac enlargement almost completely recovers, and the extra-contraction disappears, but the heart strings and heart sounds have no obvious changes, and the ischemic phenomenon caused by coronary atherosclerosis in ECG can also be restored; Most fundus arteriole spasms can be relieved. It is also observed in practice that the curative effect is related to age and illness stage. People over the age of 40 have better antihypertensive effect. It is effective for patients with early hypertension and late hypertension without serious complications, but ineffective for patients with rapid hypertension and late hypertension with complications. Atherosclerosis is also effective. However, it has also been reported that the curative effect is not significant for stage III and III hypertension or obvious arteriosclerosis. Discomfort, nausea, vomiting, constipation or loose stool, etc. I feel weak in some cases. Generally, it can be tolerated, and it can disappear by itself after continuing to take medicine or reducing it as appropriate.
Usage: 1. 1. Wutong tablets, daily 10 16g, taken 34 times.
1.2. Oral administration of the extract from the leaves of Peach Blossom, starting at 6090mg per day, can be reduced to 4060mg per day as a maintenance dose after blood pressure is lowered; Take it in three times.
2. Treatment of chronic tracheitis: Take two pieces of fresh peach leaves and stems and make them into decoction, with daily dosage of 1, and take them three times. 10 day is a course of treatment. After three courses of treatment in July and August, the total effective rate of 88 patients reached 865,438 0.8%, of which 46.6% was obviously improved. Preliminary observation shows that it has a certain short-term effect in relieving cough, resolving phlegm and relieving asthma. However, the anti-inflammatory effect is poor, some curative effects are still not consolidated, and the onset time is slow.
3. Treatment of malaria: Illicium verum tablets (each tablet weighs 0.25g) are taken orally, and adults take 1 tablet every 6 hours, each time 14 tablet, 8 times in total, and then take 5 tablets three times a day for 5 days. Seven days is a course of treatment and the total dose is about 200 tablets. Dose reduction in children. 226 cases of various malaria patients (96 cases of three-day malaria, 88 cases of vivax malaria, 24 cases of falciparum malaria, mixed infection 18 cases), all symptoms were controlled within 4 days after taking the drug, and no recurrence was found within 3 months. Blood test results: 186 cases (82.3%) disappeared 2 days after taking the medicine; The negative rates on the 4th and 7th day were 97.3% and 98.6% respectively. There are few drug reactions, and a few people have arrhythmia and nausea and vomiting; Edema and urticaria occurred all over the body and under the glue, but most of them were not serious.
3.2 1 from Chinese materia medica
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