Nationality: Tang Dynasty
Ethnic group: Han nationality
Place of Birth: Shaanxi Wugong Guild Hall (now Wugong County, Shaanxi Province)
Date of birth: 65438+599123 October (first year)
Date of death: July 649 10.
Occupation: emperor, strategist, politician
Main achievements: Wen Tao's military strategy, pacified troubled times and expanded its territory.
Zhenguan rule, seeking the virtuous coachable, loving the people.
Representative works: Emperor Fan, Zhenguan dignitaries, etc.
Temple number: Taizong
Posthumous title: Emperor Xiaoguang, a great sage with both civil and military skills.
Honorable title: Tiankhan (honorific title of all nationalities before and after the Tang Dynasty)
Year number: Zhenguan
Li Shimin (65438+5991October 23rd-10/July 0), the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty, reigned from September 4th, 627 to July 0/0, with the title of Zhenguan. His name means "helping the world and people". He was an outstanding military strategist. In the process of the establishment and unification of the Tang Dynasty, he made great achievements and played a decisive role. He loves literature and calligraphy, and Mo Bao has been handed down from generation to generation. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin was named King of Qin. He led the army to pacify Xue, Liu Wuzhou, Dou Jiande and Wang, and finally unified China. After the Xuanwumen Rebellion, they killed their brothers, Prince Li, King Li Yuanji of Qi and their sons, and were made princes. Tang Gaozu Tang Gaozu was soon forced to abdicate and Li Shimin succeeded to the throne. After Li Shimin became emperor, he actively listened to the opinions of ministers, ruled the world with civilization, expanded his territory and became a famous monarch in the history of China.
Biography: Li Shimin (65438+5991October 23rd-10, July 649), the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty, reigned from September 4th, 626 to July/kloc-0, with the title of Zhenguan. His name means "helping the world and people". Li Shimin is an outstanding strategist. During his reign, he made great contributions to the establishment of the Tang Dynasty and the reunification of the country, and played a decisive role. He loves literature and calligraphy, and Mo Bao has been handed down from generation to generation. After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, Li Shimin was named King of Qin. He led the army to pacify Xue, Liu Wuzhou, Dou Jiande and Wang, and finally unified China. In 626 AD, the Xuanwumen Rebellion broke out, killing his brothers, Prince Li, Li Yuanji, King of Qi, and their sons. They were made princes. Tang Gaozu Tang Gaozu was soon forced to abdicate and Li Shimin acceded to the throne. After Li Shimin became emperor, he actively listened to the opinions of ministers, ruled the world with civilization, expanded his territory and became a famous monarch in the history of China. Emperor Taizong was open-minded, good at training, and practiced economy at home, so that the people could recuperate. Finally, it made the society prosperous and peaceful, created the famous rule of Zhenguan in the history of China, and laid an important foundation for the prosperity after Kaiyuan.
Li Shimin, the early experience of Emperor Taizong, according to the Records of the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Taizong was born in Wugong Bieguan (now Wugong County, Shaanxi Province) in the fifteenth year of his reign (65438+ February 23rd, AD 599), and was the second son of Li Yuan and Empress Dou. In the troubled times at the end of Sui Dynasty, Li Yuan and Li Shimin took advantage of the situation to set up an army in Jinyang (now Taiyuan, Shanxi) to establish the Tang Dynasty.
In June of 6 17 (the 13th year of Daye), Li Yuan and his younger brother led the troops to attack Xihe River (now Fenyang), and won the first battle, which prompted Li Yuan to decide to go west to Guanzhong. Li Shimin was appointed as the right commander-in-chief, unified the right army and made the Duke of Dunhuang. Soon, Chang 'an was conquered, You Yang was made emperor, and Yang Guang was honored as the emperor's father. You Yang named Tang Yuan as false Huang Yue, our time, military attache inside and outside the commander-in-chief, prime minister, seal, Li Shimin as Jing, and Qin Gong changed his name.
In March of 6 18 (the second year of Yining), Li Shimin was the right marshal and was appointed as a sacrifice to lord protector.
In May of the same year, Emperor Yangdi You Yangchan was located in the Tang Dynasty, Tang Wang Li Yuan was the emperor, and the country name was changed to Tang and Yuan Wude. In the first year of Wude, Li Shimin was appointed official minister and right general Yi Wei, and proclaimed himself the king of Qin. Wu De was appointed General Ce Tian in four years.
After the establishment of the Tang Dynasty, six great battles were fought to unify the whole country. Li Shimin commanded four of the six battles (the other two were the small battle to pacify Jiangling and the battle to pacify Jianghuai House, which were commanded by Li and Li Jing respectively), and they all won victories and made great contributions to the Tang Dynasty:
The first time was the battle against Xue Ju and his son group in Longyou. In the first year of Tang Wude, when Xue Ju led the army to tackle key problems, the two sides fought fiercely in Changwu County, Shaanxi Province. Because of Li Shimin's illness, Liu Wenjing did not listen to the marshal's warning, but listened to Yin Kaishan's plan. He went to war, was defeated by Xue Ju, and returned to Chang 'an. But soon, Li Shimin completely defeated Xue Jun in the battle of shallow plain and wiped out Longdong Group.
The second time, Liu Wuzhou attached to the Turks, conquered the Tang Dynasty and captured Jinyang. Li Shimin took the bull by the horns and finally defeated the enemy's main force and pursued them. He didn't eat for two days and didn't understand armor for three days. Eight wins a day, eight wins, completely destroy the enemy and recover lost ground.
The third battle was with Wang and Dou Jiande. The scale of this campaign is the largest in the Tang War. In this battle, the king was defeated first, and Luoyang was besieged, leaving Luoyang without food and grass to wait for his death. Just as Luo Yang was about to go down the mountain, more than 300,000 Dou Jiande troops from Hebei/KLOC-0 claimed to have come to save the king, suddenly appeared behind Tang Jun, parted the crowd, and led 3,500 people to defeat the Dou Jiande army in the Battle of Tiger Prison, and captured Dou Jiande alive. Wang had to surrender in Luoyang. This time, Li Shimin took two grams at a time and won a decisive victory.
The fourth battle is to pacify Liu Heita. Liu Heita is a subordinate of Dou Jiande. He fought against the Tang Dynasty in Hebei under the banner of revenge for Dou Jiande. Li Shimin commanded the battle to pacify his first army, and it took only two months to win.
Since then, Li Shimin's prestige has been growing, especially when he entered Chang 'an after the Battle of Tiger Prison, and he was treated like a military and civilian emperor. In the winter of Wude four years 10, General Ce Tian, Stuart and Shangdong Road were appointed as ministers, and the number of food cities increased to 20,000. High-impedance also wrote a letter to the Ce Tian government to establish their own butler, thus forming a small * * * organization.
Li Shimin paid attention to pre-war reconnaissance in the battle. Although he was in distress many times, he was able to know himself and know himself, and he was good at making fighter planes. When the enemy is strong and we are weak, he often uses the tactics of "strong wall and weak point" to defeat the enemy. He took the lead and personally led the cavalry to assault the enemy lines. Courageously pursue the enemy after victory, without giving him a chance to breathe, so he will win every battle. In the war to unify the frontier, he strategized and won thousands of miles, knowing that he would select talents and win the war. Li Shimin made great contributions to the establishment and development of the prosperous Tang Dynasty with his outstanding military talents.
The Xuanwumen Rebellion took place on June 4th, the 9th year of Wude, Tang Gaozu. In 6 18, Tang Dynasty was established by Li Yuan, and Li Jian was appointed as the prince. He said that he wanted to attack Taiyuan, and Li Yuan promised to make him a prince. But after world peace, Li Shimin became more and more famous, but Tang Gaozu hesitated. Prince Li Chengjian immediately joined his fourth brother, King Li Yuanji, to crowd out Li Shimin. Tang Gaozu's indecision also made the decrees of the DPRK and China conflict with each other, which accelerated the confrontation between philosophers. Li was poisoned once. In the ninth year of Wude, the Turks invaded the border. Li Xiang suggested that commander Li Yuanji should go to the Turks to seize the military forces of the King of Qin and prepare to ambush in Kunming Pool. Wang Chang, the head of the Prince's Mansion, told the king of Qin about this secret meeting. At the last minute, Li Shimin decided to strike first. First kill the eldest brother Li and the fourth brother Li Yuanji, which is the famous change of Xuanwu Gate in history. Three days later (Guihai), Li Shimin was appointed as the Crown Prince, saying, "Since the military affairs now, no matter how big or small, I will ask the prince to carry them out, and then I heard." Two months later, Tang Gaozu abdicated and Li Shimin ascended the throne. After Emperor Taizong ascended the throne, he was prepared for danger in times of peace, appointed talented people, and carried out a series of political and military reforms, which eventually led to a peaceful scene of social stability and production development. It is known as the rule of Zhenguan in history. Zhenguan rule was the most famous "ruling the world" in China's feudal era. In the fourth year of Zhenguan (630), Emperor Taizong sent Li Jing to pacify the Eastern Turks, captured Li Jiekhan alive, and relieved the threat from the north. Nine years, pacify TuGuHun, captured its king Mu Rongfu cloud; Fourteen years later, Hou was sent to pacify the Gaochang family, where Xizhou was established, and Ding 'anxi was the capital of Jiaohe City (now Turpan West, Xinjiang). Emperor Taizong carried out a more enlightened policy towards the East Turks and the nationalities belonging to the Turks, and won their support, so he was honored as "Tiankhan". In fifteen years, Li Daozong, King of Jiangxia, sent Princess Wencheng to Zambsongzangambu, which is closely related to Tubo, and developed the economic and cultural exchanges between Han and Tibetan nationalities. However, in his later years, Emperor Taizong personally levied Koguryo. Emperor Taizong first made his eldest son, Li Chenggan, a prince, and later he doted on four sons, Wang Wei and Lee Tae. Li Chenggan was afraid of catching his heir and tried to launch a coup to assassinate Lee Tae. This was unsuccessful and was abolished as Shu Ren. In order to prevent the tragedy of brother's vendetta, Emperor Taizong demoted Wang Wei and Lee Tae, and changed his ninth son, Jin Wang Li Zhi, to be the Prince, which is the future Tang Gaozong.
In August of the ninth year of Wude (626), due to the change of Xuanwu Gate in Tang Dynasty, the political situation was unstable, and the East Turkistan waited for an opportunity to invade, attacking Jingyang (now Jingyang County, Xianyang, Shaanxi Province), which was only forty miles away from the capital Chang 'an, and the capital was shaken. At this time, Chang 'an troops were only tens of thousands, and just acceded to the throne. Emperor Taizong was forced to set a mystery. Gao Shilian, Fang and other six riders crossed the Weihe River and talked with Khan Jie, denouncing Jie and Tu Li for their treachery. Tang Yulin records that Emperor Taizong's "empty storehouse" gave Li Jiehan gold and silk property in order to withdraw the Turkish army and form an alliance with them. In August 629, Emperor Taizong appointed Li Jing, Li Ji, Chai Shao and Li Daozong. As a marching commander, he sent troops to conquer the eastern Turks. In March 630, Valerian was defeated and captured, and East Turkistan perished.
In the twenty-second year of Zhenguan (648), in the first month, Emperor Taizong wrote "Fan Twelve Articles" and awarded it to Prince Li Zhi. In the twenty-third year of Zhenguan (649), Emperor Taizong suffered from dysentery (a sudden illness caused by taking Dan medicine), but the treatment ultimately failed, and he ordered Prince Li Zhi to act as an agent in Jinyemen. On May 26th, the 23rd year of Zhenguan (10, July 649), Li Shimin died at the Hanfeng Temple in Cuiwei Palace, Zhong Nanshan, at the age of 50, and he reigned for 23 years. He was the first emperor of Wendi, with the temple name Taizong. In 647, he was the Wenwu emperor, and in 749 and 754, he was the Wenwu emperor.