Anhui was once listed as a coastal province by Chairman Mao in his article "Ten Relationships" in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China, and its two major cities, Bengbu and Wuhu, were recognized as big cities at that time. This can be clearly seen in the newspapers at that time, and related articles can also be seen in Mao Xuan and Deng Xuan. During the more than 30 years from the founding of the People's Republic of China to the 1980s, Anhui's economic status has remained at around 14 and 15 in China, and it belongs to a moderately developed province.

Anhui dares to be the first in the world, and Xiaogang Village in Fengyang takes the lead in implementing the household contract responsibility system for agricultural production, which is famous at home and abroad. Wuhu's "fool" became the representative of self-employed households in China at that time, and was dubbed as "the first vendor in China". In terms of resources, Anhui has Huangshan Mountain, one of the four Buddhist holy places, Jiuhua Mountain and Chaohu Lake, one of the five fresh lakes, and Wuhu, the first of the four rice markets. It has the largest coal base in East China, the richest iron ore and copper mine in East China, the richest cement raw materials in China, the seventh longest inland navigation mileage in China, the longest railway in East China, and China Science and Technology.

However, since the 1980s, Anhui has developed slowly, ranking lower in the country year by year, and the gap between people's living standards and the whole country is getting bigger and bigger. In the Ming Dynasty, Wuhu, Anhui Province was one of the five handicraft industries in China, and its pulp dyeing industry was world-famous along with the cotton textile industry in Songjiang, the silk weaving industry in Suzhou, the paper industry in Yanshan and the porcelain industry in Jingdezhen (see "Outline of China History" by Jane Bozan). During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, Huizhou merchants dominated the business circles in China for hundreds of years. Wuhu, Chaohu and Anqing are known as the land of abundance. Although they are not as familiar with the world as Huguang, we can see that Wuhu rice market is the first of the four rice markets. 19 18 Wuhu customs' import and export value reached 3.5% of the national foreign trade in that year, and it is one of the trading ports in the Yangtze River basin.