Zhu Youjian was the 16th emperor of the Ming Dynasty. Guangzong's fifth son, Ming Xizong's half brother, his mother is Liu's wife. 1622 was awarded the title of king of faith. 1627 to 1644 reigned during the Chongzhen period. After Zhu Youjian acceded to the throne, he vigorously eradicated eunuchs, was diligent in political affairs, lived a frugal life, and committed six crimes against himself. He is a promising young emperor. The peasant uprising broke out during the reign, and the Jin regime was eyeing up after customs clearance, and it was already in a situation of internal troubles and foreign invasion. 1644, when Li Zicheng invaded Beijing in 1920, he hanged himself in Jingshan Park at the age of 34, and he became king in 17. After Zhu Youjian's death, the name of the temple was Huaizong, which was later changed to Zong Yi and Sizong. In the Qing Dynasty, posthumous title kept the Tao and respected frugality, and taught Wu Tiren to be the fierce emperor of Xiao Zhuang. Emperor Nanming went to posthumous title, where the road was simple and frugal, and Wu Dunren was loyal to Emperor Xiao. There are also four spirits buried in the Ming Tombs. Introduction to Zhu Youjian Because his father, Ming Guangzong, was a prince hated by his grandfather, Ming Shenzong, and his mother was the prince's concubine, his childhood was unfortunate. At the age of five, his mother Liu offended, and his father ordered a stick killing, which was raised by his aunt Xili. A few years later, Xi Lisheng had a daughter. She can't I can't take care of her. She was brought up by another concubine, Dong Li. 1622, Wang Xizong, who was sealed as a letter by his brother Zhu Youxiao, died in August 1627. Because he had no children, he was ordered to succeed to the throne on the fourth day of the same month, at the age of eighteen. In the second year, the year number was changed to Chongzhen. After Zhu Youjian acceded to the throne, he was diligent in government affairs. On the ninth day of July in the fifteenth year of Chongzhen, I felt a little sick; The temporary exemption of the early dynasty was criticized by the assistant minister, and Emperor Chongzhen quickly checked it himself. At one time, the Ming room revived. At the same time, Zhu Youjian vigorously removed eunuchs. In November of the seventh year of the Apocalypse, Zhu Youjian took the opportunity to uproot Wei Zhongxian's wings, leaving Wei Zhongxian isolated. Then the imperial edict demoted Fengyang, Wei Zhongxian and Shouling, and Xuanzhi ordered them to be arrested and dealt with. After he hanged himself, he ordered the body to be buried in the river. Since then, more than 260 eunuchs have been executed and sent to garrison or life imprisonment, which has dealt a fatal blow to the arrogant eunuchs. Correct the unjust prison and re-enable the officials who were dismissed during the apocalypse. Yuan Chonghuan was appointed minister of the Ministry of War, and was awarded the sword of Fang, entrusted with the important task of recovering the whole Liao country. From the first year of Chongzhen, there was a drought in the north of China, with thousands of miles of bare land and nothing growing. In the thirteenth year of Chongzhen, Jiangnan was flooded; In the fourteenth year of Chongzhen, drought and locust plague; In the fifteenth year, droughts and epidemics continued. The local society is in a very fragile state. Bandits and refugees are in cahoots, and local civil strife continues. In order to suppress bandits, Zhu Youjian first employed Yang He as the general manager, and later employed Hong Chengchou, Cao Wenzhao, Chen Qiyu, Hong Chengchou, Lu Xiangsheng, Yang Sichang, Xiong Wencan and Yang Sichang. In thirteen years, the generals of the invading army changed frequently. The peasant uprising has been going on for more than ten years, stretching for thousands of miles from Beijing in the south to Nanjing in the north, with bones everywhere, inaccessible and few pedestrians. Emperor Chongzhen called Xu Biao, the prefect of Baoding, to Beijing. Xu Biao said: I come from Jianghuai thousands of miles away. Even if there is a city, there are only walls. At first glance, there are weeds everywhere. I can't hear the crowing of chickens and dogs. You can. I don't see anyone plowing the land. How will your majesty govern the world like this? Hearing this, Emperor Chongzhen wept bitterly and returned the treasure to the net, sighing. Therefore, Emperor Chongzhen formulated G in order to sacrifice refugees, surrender soldiers and kill generals.

Li Zicheng invaded Beijing. Eunuch Wang Lian urgently told the emperor that Zhu Youjian was drinking in the palace and sighed, "I am suffering!" ! Eunuch Zhang Yin persuaded the emperor to surrender and was stabbed to death with a sword. Zhu Youjian ordered the Prince, Wang Yong and Wang Ding to meet their families in Xunqi, Zhou Kui and Tian Hong. Back in the palace, he wrote an imperial edict ordering lord protector Zhu to lead the army and assist the prince. And ordered the Queen Zhou, Yuan Guifei and three sons to enter the palace, simply told his son a few words, and ordered the eunuch to send them to relatives to hide. He cried and said to Queen Zhou: You are the mother of our country and should be martyred. Queen Zhou also cried and said, I have been with you 18 years, but your majesty has not. Didn't receive my message, so today. Since your majesty ordered me to die, how dare I not die? Later, he hanged himself. Zhu Youjian turned to Yuan Guifei and said, Go with the Queen! Yuan Guifei cried goodbye and hanged herself. Zhu Youjian called Princess Changping, who is 15 years old, and said with tears: Why did you come to the imperial palace? She buried her face in the sleeve of her left hand, and her right hand pulled out a knife, first cutting off her left arm and then her right shoulder. She fainted. At the same time, she stabbed her six-year-old daughter with her sword. Princess Akihito. Chop several concubines to death and order Queen Yi to commit suicide. Queen Zhang An made several bows to Zhu Youjian through the curtain, and then hanged herself. /kloc-in the early morning of 0/9, Li Zicheng insurgents entered Beijing from Zhangyimen. Zhu Youjian came out of Donghua Gate with dozens of eunuchs and three-eye guns in his hand, and was shot by random arrows. Then I ran to Qihuamen. Zhu Zhuchun closed the door and turned to Andingmen. The defenders here are scattered, the gates are locked, and the eunuch's axe can't be split open. March 19th, dawn, fire, back to the palace. Outside the city, the fire is already burning. At this time, it was almost dawn, and Zhu Youjian rang the bell to call all the officials, but no one came. Zhu Youjian said, I was misunderstood by the ministers, and you died in the country. In 277, once abandoned, it was all done by traitors, that's all. Finally, he hanged himself in a crooked-neck tree in Jingshan. When he died, his left foot was bare and his right foot was wearing a red shoe. At the age of 33. Accompanied by only the prefect eunuch Wang Chengen. The evaluation of Chongzhen is diligent emperor. According to historical records, his hair turned white in his twenties and his eyes were crow's feet. It can be said that he eats in the middle of the night and works hard at night. Historically, it is called, when a rooster crows, it is difficult to fall asleep at night, and it is difficult to work at ordinary times. There is no feast in the palace. Chongzhen period, the late Jin Dynasty, was divided into main battle, main battle and two factions. In terms of employing people, Chongzhen used the hawkish Yuan Chonghuan. The clique made the military generals come back only from their family background, and several large-scale military activities against the late Jin suffered fiasco, which weakened the military strength of the Ming Dynasty and finally failed to suppress the peasant army uprising, which indirectly accelerated the demise of the Ming Dynasty. The once powerful Ming empire has been tottering and the two parties are fighting, but it is difficult to find useful people, it is really difficult to find useful people. At the beginning of Chongzhen's accession to the throne, with the help of the civil service group, the eunuchs in Wei Zhongxian were eliminated, but the power of the civil service group was indirectly promoted. The relationship between Chongzhen and courtiers can be said to be the most embarrassing and bizarre period in history-mutual hatred, interdependence and mutual use. During the seventeen-year reign of Chongzhen, in addition to suppressing the peasant army and resisting the late Jin Dynasty, he devoted more efforts to weakening the influence of civilian groups and achieved certain results. Although Chongzhen is ambitious, hard-working, fast-paced and obedient, he has neither the strategy of governing the country nor the skill of treating others. In addition, he was stern, suspicious, suspicious, angry at ministers, beheaded and made many mistakes. Compared with Wei Zhongxian, he is ruthless.

Therefore, although Zhu Youjian was diligent, he made many mistakes, which not only made the Ming Empire unable to revive, but also made its national subjugation almost inevitable. Mingzong was an emperor who was universally sympathized. Li Zicheng Deng Ji also said that you are not very dark, and you are always alone; I try to be personal, but I am rarely loyal to the party. Zhu Youjian's personality is quite complicated. When far away from Wei Zhongxian, Chongzhen was extremely witty. Shi Ming said he was: and he was suspicious of sex, so strong and angry. If you are in charge, you are harsh and ungrateful; If you are still angry, you will be anxious. Compared with Zongshen, Xizong and even most emperors in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the four cases have much stronger sense of responsibility and ambition to save the country, so historians generally feel sympathy for the four cases and think that the life of Emperor Chongzhen is really difficult. The tragedy of national subjugation is not the monarch of national subjugation. Due to years of famine, farmers rebelled and burned the whole land of China like wildfire. Later, when Jin invaded the frontier, the military expenditure soared, but the tax revenue could not keep up. Because of all this, the tax increase in Chongzhen continues in the United States, and people call it the re-collection instead of Chongzhen. Although Ming Sizong expected the Ming Dynasty to be ushered in his hands, the accumulation of past dynasties was hard to return. At that time, there was a famine in the world and the epidemic was serious. People's uprisings broke out all over the country, and Huang Taiji in the north kept attacking. In addition, Ming Sizong was eager to seek treatment, suspicious and willful. Therefore, he repeatedly made big mistakes in state affairs: eradicating autocratic eunuchs in the early stage and reusing eunuchs in the later stage; Under the flattery of ministers, Chongzhen overestimated Yuan Chonghuan, mistakenly believed Yuan Chonghuan's boasting five years later, and devoted all his energy to the construction of Ningjin defense line. As a result, the late Jin came around from Mongolia, and the Ming Dynasty faced a catastrophe. Related articles: Chongzhen: the king of the dead, who is not the king of the dead; Zhu Youjian in Ming Dynasty; Emperor Chongzhen committed suicide in Jingshan Park; How did Emperor Chongzhen die? Zhu Youjian in Ming Dynasty; Mingzong and the Battle of Wei Zhongxian