Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, commonly known as Romance of the Three Kingdoms, among which the most well-known military commanders are five generals, including Zhao, Zhao and others. There is no doubt about the literary value, artistic value and even entertainment value of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. However, romance is a novel after all. Although it doesn't go against the historical facts, most of the contents are fabricated by the author. Later people stopped reading, often mistaking the plot of the novel as a historical fact.
During the Three Kingdoms period, Liu Bei was lawless and had no geographical position, and the important reason for finally ensuring that he owned one-third of the world was that he had a large number of clever counselors and military commanders. Those who win the hearts of the people win the world! The most representative of them are the famous Five Tiger Generals: Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Ma Chao and Huang Zhong. Their respective characteristics are outstanding. The following are their life stories and comments:
Edit this paragraph ■ Guan Yu
[Guan Yu]
Guan Yu
Wen Tao ranks first among the Five Tigers, with both martial arts skills. The word cloud is long, the word fairy, Hedong Xie Liangren (now southwest of Linyi, Shanxi) people. Warm wine to chop Hua Xiong, riding a thousand miles, driving seven armies, going to the meeting single-handedly, shows that he has great courage, but he is too arrogant and arrogant, and sometimes makes him lose his mind, and finally loses Maicheng and dies in the hands of small people. After his death, he was revered by the people and praised by the court. He was honored as Guan and also called Bodhisattva by Buddhism. The famous soldier of Shu in the Three Kingdoms period. He was honored as a "warrior sage" by later rulers, and was nicknamed "Wen Sheng" along with Confucius.
Guan Yu met the government of the Eastern Han Dynasty in Zhuo Jun County (now Zhuoxian County, Hebei Province) and mobilized local landlords to organize armed forces to jointly suppress the Yellow Scarf Uprising. Here, he met Liu Bei (Liu Bei claimed to be the descendant of Liu Sheng, the son of Sun Yat-sen Jing, the emperor of the Western Han Dynasty) and Zhang Fei, who were like-minded, fell in love at first sight and were extremely friendly and close as brothers. According to legend, Liu, Guan and Zhang became sworn friends in Taoyuan. Liu Bei got up and took part in suppressing the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei acted as his guards and his right-hand men, standing beside Liu Bei all day to protect him.
Cao Cao attacked Liu Bei and fled to Yuan Shao in case of failure. Guan Yu and Liu Bei's wife were besieged in Xiapi, and Cao Yu was appointed as a partial general and received generous courtesy. In July, Yu learned that Liu Bei was under Yuan Shao's command, so he hung up the seal, worshipped the book, left Cao Cao and returned to Liu Bei. Then he and Liu Bei ran to Runan (now southeast of runan county, Henan Province) to contact Liu Pi to attack Cao Cao. In the twelfth year of Jian 'an (207), Liu, Guan and Zhang went to Zhuge Liang's thatched cottage in Longzhong, and Zhuge Liang was invited to help.
In the twenty-fourth year of Jian 'an (2 19), Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao and occupied Hanzhong, calling himself the "King of Hanzhong", worshiping him as a former general and pretending to be the first of the "Five Tiger Generals". In August, Yu Hua took advantage of Sun Quan's battle with Cao Cao to attack Fancheng and Xiangyang in the north, flooded Cao Jun, killed Cao Jiang Pound, surrendered to the Forbidden City, and made China a great success. Just as Guan was full of ambition, in October of the same year, Sun Quan sent a back road to attack Jingzhou. Feather was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and the army was distracted and in a difficult situation. In November, Yu retreated to Fancheng in an attempt to recapture Jingzhou. On the way, he was stopped by Wu Jun, and his strength was lost and his fighting capacity was greatly reduced. Seeing that Jingzhou was hopeless, Yu first went to Maicheng (southeast of Dangyang County, Hubei Province) and wanted to escape to Xichuan to meet Liu Bei. 1February, Yu defeated Zhang Xiang and Lin Ju (now North of Anyuan County, Hubei Province) from Maicheng, and was captured by Sun Quan. He and Ziping were killed at the same time, at the age of 59.
Guan Yu was officially appointed as the prefect of Xiangyang and governor of Jingzhou affairs, except that Cao Cao invited Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty to make him Hou Ting of Hanshou. Liu Bei was first named as a general of Dangkou, and later as a former general, ranking first among the "Five Tiger Generals" in Shu Han. In 4 1 year after his death, that is, in the three years of Shu Kingdom in the Three Kingdoms (260 years, which happened to be the100th anniversary of his birth), the late Lord was posthumously sealed as a strong Muhou and died. However, from the Southern and Northern Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty, Guan Yu was respected by feudal emperors. "The prince is king, the king is emperor, the emperor is holy, and the sky is holy", and there are different opinions. There are boundless temples, and Guan Yu is famous at home and abroad, and has become one of the most worshipped sacred idols in history, so that he is as famous as Confucius and is called "both civil and military saints".
Guan Yu is famous for his loyalty, righteousness, courage and martial arts. The feudal rulers of past dynasties all needed typical figures like the patron saint to maintain their rule, so they greatly exaggerated and exaggerated their loyalty, bravery and ethics, hoping that more civil servants and military officers would be as loyal to the king and brave as Guan Yu. But Guan Yu also has flaws, that is, he lost Jingzhou by carelessness.
Guan Yu didn't kill Hua Xiong, but Luo Guanzhong made it up. According to the biography of the reflection of Sun Jian, Hua Xiong was killed by Sun Jian.
Edit this paragraph ■ Zhang Fei
Five tigers and two seats, courage, but lack of wisdom, is the appointment, but can not be reused! But he is still crude and detailed. When Yang suspected the soldiers, it showed his intention to attack.
[Zhang Fei]
Zhang Fei
During the Yellow Scarf Uprising, Liu Bei organized volunteers to fight the Yellow Scarf Army in Zhuoxian, and Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were among them. Three people are like brothers. When Liu Bei sat down, they often took pains to accompany and take care of him, sometimes sitting for most of the day. After Liu Bei was transferred to many posts, he defected to his former classmate Gongsun Zan, and Liu Bei was named Ping Yuanjun. At that time, Guan Yu and Zhang Fei were appointed as other horses, belonging to different ministries.
Cao Cao defeated Lu Bu and was appointed as a corps commander. Later, Liu Bei followed Yuan Shao and Liu Biao, and finally stationed in Xinye. A few years later, Liu Biao died and Cao Cao went south. Liu Bei abandoned Xinye and fled by Lu Lunan. Cao Cao sent people to chase him for a day and a night. On Dangyang Bridge, Liu Bei abandoned his wife and fled first. After Zhang Fei led twenty riders to refuse, Zhang Fei broke the bridge and stood by the river, shouting, "I am Zhang Yide, can we die together?" After Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei captured Jingnan, appointed Zhang Fei as the prefect and general Lu, appointed Xin, and then transferred to Nanjun.
Liu Bei proclaimed himself emperor, and Zhang Fei moved to be a general riding a chariot. He led a captain from the Ministry and entered Xixiang Hou. In the same year, Liu Bei claimed that Guan Yu took revenge and marched to Wu Dong. Zhang Fei is preparing to send troops to join forces with Jiangzhou in Langzhong. When he was about to leave, he was murdered by his generals Zhang Da and Fan Qiang (Fan Jiang in the romance) and even gave his head to Sun Quan. Liu Bei heard that Zhang Fei had a good watch and shouted, "Hey! Fly to death. " Liu Chan, the late ruler, was posthumously dubbed the Duke of Huan. Its trunk was buried in Langzhong, and its head was buried in Yunyang, with Zhanghuan Houdian and Zhanghuan Houdian respectively.
Zhang Fei was very brave. He once led twenty cavalry to scare off Cao Jun in Changbanpo. Besides, his calligraphy is good and he is good at drawing beautiful women. Today, there are still his Mo Bao and portraits left. Zhang Fei is very polite to learned people. For example, when Liu Ba just came down, Zhang Fei immediately visited his home, but Liu Ba didn't say a word to him. Although Zhang Fei was angry, he didn't complain. Zhang Fei also cherishes heroes and attaches importance to them. For example, when Yan Yan was arrested, Yan Yan would rather die than surrender. Zhang Fei respects him as a person and accepts Yan Yan as a general.
But Zhang Fei has a bad temper and is very strict with soldiers. Liu Bei often advised Zhang Fei: "Punishment in the Qing Dynasty is too bad, but it is also a way to eliminate disasters." But Zhang Fei wouldn't listen. Sure enough, Zhang Fei died at his hands.
Zhang Fei is very cute and belongs to the type of hatred! He is modest when dealing with civil servants, but he may look down on soldiers and some military commanders because of his high force (which led to his death). In addition to force, drinking is also unusual. Apart from Liu Bei, Zhuge Liang is the most obedient person, and then Guan Yu listens to Liu Bei. Because he is the boss, everyone who is a younger brother must listen to his eldest brother, which shows his loyalty! As for Zhuge Liang, I really admire him because he deeply understands this man's wisdom and everything he says is right. On personal shortcomings, Zhang Fei is "violent and ungrateful" to villains, making them around. His personality is too frank and simple. Zhang Fei ruled Sichuan and was deeply loved by the people. After his death, people immediately built a temple for him, and his reputation was very good. In any case, compared with the deified Guan Yu, Zhang Fei's straightforward image is more approachable and closer to people's hearts. This is just like the saying that "Zhang Fei was born as a butcher" can't be found in Shi Chuanli, but as the saying goes, "He is a scholar who kills dogs bravely, but he is ungrateful." Such Zhang Fei is still cute.
In fact, Zhang Fei has another well-known face in unofficial history. It is said that Zhang Fei's all-rounder, especially his skillful calligraphy and painting of beautiful women, is highly praised by the calligraphy and painting circles of later generations. In the notes of Ming Dynasty, Zhang Fei's paintings were very popular at that time, and people rushed to buy them.
In the Qing Dynasty, Zhang Fei's copybooks were handed down from generation to generation, including the extension of the famous "Eight Monks' Mountain Inscription": "Zhang Fei, a general of the Han Dynasty, led thousands of people to break the thief's first inscription on the Eight Monks. According to legend, this "Eight Monks Mountain Inscription" was written by Zhang Fei after Zhang He was broken, and craftsmen were recruited to carve stones and erect monuments at the top of the mountain. Mr. Cha Liang Yong, a giant of martial arts novels, quoted this allusion in his work "the legendary swordsman", which turned this stone carving into the powerful martial arts of the baldy in the book!
Edit this paragraph ■ Zhao Yun
[Zhao Yun]
Zhao yun
The third of the Five Tigers is a rare military commander in the Three Kingdoms and the first warrior in the Three Kingdoms since Lu Bu. Riding the savior alone is a true portrayal of his ability! But his strategy is also quite good, and he is Liu Bei's most valued general. Be cautious and be known as the ever-victorious general! In Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Liu Bei personally gave Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun, Ma Chao and Huang Zhongci the title of Five Tiger Generals, and Zhao Yun ranked third after Zhang Guan. However, Zhao Yun in History is not only much lower than Ma Chao and Huang Zhong in his life. In fact, besides Kong Ming, Zhao Yun is probably the most likable character in romance novels.
Counting Zhao Yun's heroic deeds in The Romance, Zhao Yun's martial arts are superb, and he has encountered numerous strong enemies without losing, and even defeated Zhang He, a famous Cao Wei, several times; When he bravely rescued the old Huang Zhong on the Hanshui River, "that gun was like a pear flower dancing and covered with snow", which scared Huang Xu and Zhang He to dare not resist and let him come and go freely among the armies, like nobody's business; In Changbanpo, Dangyang (note 1), Zhao Yun supported Dou in millions, even killed 54 famous Cao Cao soldiers, cut down two flags symbolizing military power, took away three town commanders, and then calmly left. Its power is unparalleled! In Romance, because many enemy generals were killed, there was no one like Zhao Yun.
However, almost all the enemies killed by Zhao Yun in the romance are fictional; Among them, the savior of Dangyang and the enemy of Hanshui (note 2) are recorded in historical books, but they are by no means as exaggerated as in the romance. Zhao Yun's military courage was affirmed in Liu Bei's camp. The Biography of Shuyang Opera records the evaluation of Zhao Yun by Yangyang Opera, including the word "fierce in the fierce". However, out of Shu Han, I'm afraid not many people know Zhao Yun. Romance describes the enemy's fear of Liu Bei's camp, and often sends out "Zhu Gekongming's wisdom and Guan Zhao's courage". But what we saw was a letter from Zhou Yu to Sun Quan after Battle of Red Cliffs's death, in which only two heads of Liu Bei and Zhang Guan were mentioned.
Let's compare the descriptions in The Three Kingdoms Pinghua written earlier. "Pinghua" said that Zhao Yun is already one of the five generals, but according to historical facts, he is still at the bottom of the five; Although the gun used by Zhao Yun in Pinghua has the reputation of a sharp-edged gun-that is, the ends of the earth have no right, it was first defeated by Zhang Fei's Zhang Ba Shen gun and then by Zhang Yi, an iron-armed general. After Zhang Fei heard the news that Zhao Yun was defeated by Zhang Yi, Zhang Yi's plot of "fighting in a rage" even vaguely revealed Zhao Yun's role in the early stories of the Three Kingdoms. Although Zhao Yun is not as radiant as described in romance novels, he is still an excellent soldier.
His advantages are:
First, understand the righteousness. In that turbulent era, the touchstone of a person's character is who uses his literary talent and martial arts. At that time, for the sake of their wealth, more people helped others to abuse, and even more people knew nothing about it. What about Zhao Yun's choice? According to Yun Chuan, when Zhao came from Gongsun Zan, Yuan Shao called him Jizhou Pastoral. Jun Shen is the shun of Zhou people, and good clouds follow. He sneered at Yun: "I heard that people in Guizhou want Yuan Jia. Why can you change your mind alone? " The cloud replied: "The world is fierce, I don't know who it is. The people have the bad news of falling to the county (hanging). We should discuss it from the perspective of benevolent governance, and we should not privately disclose the identity of the general in order to ignore Yuan Gong. " This passage can be regarded as Zhao Yun's political declaration. His principle-"from the benevolent government"; His goal is to save the people who have been suspended. In feudal society, this should be said to be a valuable ideal of life. He voted for Gongsun Zan first and then for Liu Bei, not only out of personal feelings. It is this that makes Zhao Yun much higher than the average soldier.
Second, loyalty and righteousness dare to remonstrate. There is such a record in the Biography of the Clouds: Yizhou was established and decided to distribute the houses in Chengdu and the mulberry gardens outside the city to the generals. Yun retorted, "Huo Qubing thinks that it is useless to have a home until the Huns are extinct. Nowadays, traitors are not only Huns, but also unable to make peace. Everyone in the world should return to mulberry and native land. The people of Yizhou, who suffered from the mutiny at first, can return their land and houses, so that they can settle down and resume their duties, and then they can transfer to the military and get their favor. " The first owner followed it. Since then, the military and civilians have been blocked.
This incident tells us that Zhao Yun's mind is clearer than many people at the same time. He can not only consider the long-term interests of Liu Bei Group, but also pay attention to winning the hearts of the people. No wonder Liu Bei immediately adopted his suggestion. When Liu Bei was ready to crusade against Wu Dong and take revenge for attacking Jingzhou and killing Guan Yu, Zhao Yun stepped forward and tried to dissuade him, pointing out: "The traitor was Cao Cao, not Sun Quan ... who hit Wu first". Because Liu Bei rejected the rumors of Zhao Yun, Fu Qin and others, he went his own way and was finally defeated by Yiling, weakening Shu Han. This proves the correctness of Zhao Yun's viewpoint from the opposite side. Throughout the history of Han Shu Group, among many military commanders, no one has bluntly advised Liu Bei on fundamental plans like Zhao Yun, which is another place for Zhao Yun to meet people.
Third, fairness. Zhao Yun has followed Liu Bei for many years, and has always been self-denying and devoted to public affairs, without favoritism. Before Battle of Red Cliffs, Liu Bei defeated Cao Cao's general Xia Houdun at Bowangpo. In the battle, Zhao Yun captured his subordinate Xia Houlan. He and Xia Houlan are fellow villagers and know each other. In this case, Bai Yun lived first, recommended Ming Lan's laws, and believed that the army was just. Clouds don't have to be close to themselves. Be careful. Not buying privately, but reporting to Liu Bei; Not to add helpers for himself, but to recommend talents for Liu Bei; Business is business, thank you very much! Liu Bei has long appreciated this excellent quality of Zhao Yun, so Liu Bei used to be his left-behind Sima, always conscientious and selfless. In contrast, Yang Yi, who likes and dislikes himself and has feelings of praise and disparagement, is far from it.
Fourth, be modest and prudent. Zhaoyun is second only to Guan Yu and Zhang Fei in Han Shu Group, and has the merit of rescuing Liu Chan. But he never takes credit, never strives for fame and fortune, and can get along well with people who come from behind. This is beyond the reach of Guan Yu, who is only proud, and Wei Yan, who is noble in nature. In the sixth year of lite (228), Zhuge Liang went out of Qishan and was defeated by Jieting. The suspected soldiers led by Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi also retreated in Ji Gu. When retreating, because Zhao Yun personally broke off, the troops were not in chaos. "The military assets are in kind, and nothing is abandoned." Zhuge Liang appreciated this very much and wanted to reward Zhao Yun and his soldiers. At this time, Zhao Yun was not complacent, but said sincerely: "What is a gift if the military merits are not beneficial? Please write it down in the red bank vault and give it in October. " Through this sincere sentence, we can see the strictness of self-discipline and the openness of mind. Those shallow, conceited and boastful people can't look back!
Edit this paragraph ■ Ma Chao
The fourth of the five tigers, after the famous family, is handsome and has high martial arts, but he lacks a little ingenuity and is even used by people. He is the hero of Liu Bei's entry into Xichuan.
[Ma Chao]
Ma Chao
Ma Chao was the son of Ma Teng, the general of the Western Expedition in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. In the 13th year of Jian 'an (208), the court transferred Marten back to the capital, appointed him as Wei Yan, appointed Ma Chao as a partial general, made the capital Hou Ting, and put him in charge of Marten's army. After Ma Chao unified the army, he joined forces with Han Sui. Ma Chao moved to the Kansai region and won the support of the local Qiang people.
Cao Cao is talking to Han Sui and Ma Chao alone. Ma Chao dared to catch Cao Cao, but at the sight of Chu Xu, he hesitated and dared not move. Cao Cao secretly sent Huang Xu and Zhu Ling to lead 4,000 soldiers to cross the Yellow River from Pubanjin (now the Yellow River ferry between Yongji in Shanxi and Chaoyi in Dali, Shaanxi), and cut off Ma Chao's retreat from Hexi. Then, Cao Cao arranged ships and rafts to lead an army through Hebei. Ma Chao said to Han Sui, "We should station troops on the north shore in advance to stop Cao Bing from crossing the river. However, when the grain in the east of the river runs out on the 20th, Cao Cao and his men will flee. " Han Sui said, "We can let them cross the river. Sun Tzu's Art of War says, "Soldiers can attack halfway." Wouldn't it be nice if we attacked them from the south bank when they were halfway through? "D's plan has not been implemented. Cao Cao later learned about it and sighed, "I have no place to bury the horse when it dies." "
In the eighteenth year of Jian 'an (265,438+03), Ma Chao won the ministries of Longxi, and with the help of reinforcements led by General Yang Ang sent by Zhang Lu, he concentrated more than 65,438+00,000 people to attack Ji Cheng. Ma Chaojun besieged Ji Cheng heavily, and from the first month to August, the imperial reinforcements didn't come. Weikang sent out of the city to go to Xia, who was stationed in Chang 'an (now northwest of Xi 'an, Shaanxi). Yan Wen dived into the water at night. The next day, Ma Chao's soldiers found water and caught Yan Wen. Kill Yan Wen.
Yangfu, a former official, was dissatisfied with Ma Chao's cruelty, so he held a funeral for his wife and fled. He went to see Jiang Xu, the cousin of the garrison in Licheng (now northwest Gansu), and persuaded him to use his own army to eradicate Ma Chao and avenge Wei Kang and others. Jiang Xu also contacted Zhao Ang, Yin Feng, Li Jun and others to discuss the strategy against Ma Chao in secret. First, they sent people to sneak into Ji Cheng, secretly making friends with Liang Kuan and Zhao Qu, so as to become insiders in the city. In September, yangfu and Jiang Xu led the troops to attack Lucheng (now Lixian County, Gansu Province), and Zhao Ang and Yin Fengjin occupied Qishan City (now west and northeast of Gansu Province). Ma Chao flew into a rage after hearing the news. Zhao Qu took the opportunity to deliberately encourage Ma Chao to go out of the city to attack himself. As soon as Ma Chao left the city, Zhao Qu and Liang Kuan immediately closed the gate and killed Ma Chao's wife and children. Ma Chao was in a dilemma, so he raided Licheng and killed Jiang Xu's mother and Zhao Ang's son Yue Zhao. Yangfu led a decisive battle with Ma Chao, who suffered five serious injuries, and finally defeated Ma Chao, who went south to Hanzhong Zhang Lu. After this battle, Ma Chao's separatist forces were eliminated.
Ma Chao saw that it was difficult for Zhang Lu to achieve great things, and he was jealous of Zhang Ang, and his heart was depressed. When Liu Beizheng besieged Chengdu (see Yizhou Battle), the days continued. After learning about Ma Chao, he sent Li Hui and Adu from Jiangning to persuade him. Ma Chao fled Wudu and wrote a secret letter to Liu Bei. Liu Bei was so happy that he sent someone to see Ma Chao, told him to stop first, and secretly allocated a lot of soldiers to him to increase his military strength. Then, he was ordered to lead the troops to the gate of Chengdu and stationed in the north of the city, where the earthquake was terrible. In less than ten days, he was frightened by Ma Chao's prestige, opened the north gate and surrendered to Liu Bei. Liu Bei appointed Ma Chao as the current general and governor of Linshu, and made him follow the title of Cao Cao as the capital of Hou Ting.
Liu Bei promoted the king of Hanzhong, appointed Ma Chao as the left general, and rewarded him. In the first year of Zhangwu (22 1), Ma Chao was promoted to a title of generals in ancient times, led Liangzhou as a shepherd, and entered Gu Feng Township. Zhao said, "I am supreme with virtue and flatter the ancestral temple. Cao Cao and his son, God download their sins, and I use them miserably and painfully. Resentment in the sea, both positive and negative, led the service at the same time with Di and Qiang, eager for justice. Believe in the north soil, be strong and clear, give it a promise, fight tigers, take Dong Wan Li as a teacher, and win the hearts of the people. Its bright, far-sighted, careful reward and punishment, learn from Han, to the world "("biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Ma Chao ").
In the second year of Zhangwu (222), Ma Chao died at the age of 47. Before he died, Ma Chao wrote to Liu Bei: "There were more than 200 ministers, and Meng De did a little punishment. Only by following in the footsteps of my younger brother can I deeply trust your majesty, and I have nothing to say "(biography of the Three Kingdoms Shu Shu Ma Chao). Liu Bei chased Ma Chaowei, and his son Ma Wei. Ma Dai went to Pingbei General after his post, and he was promoted to Chen Canghou.
"God is a powerful general" is the Qiang people's evaluation of Ma Chao. /kloc-Ma Chao, a 0/5-year-old young talent, fought in the battlefield with his father and was a famous figure in the northwest. His life's martial arts deeds have long been known, but his life span has affected Ma Chao's existence in history. Although he died in his forties, he rarely met the enemy's hands in thirty years of fighting, and his reputation spread throughout the Central Plains.
Edit this paragraph ■ Huang Zhong
[Huang Zhong]
Huang Zhong
Ranked at the bottom of the five tigers. If you ask who Huang Zhong is, people who know a little about the story of the Three Kingdoms are likely to see an old and vigorous sharpshooter right away. Who knew that such an image was actually given by a novelist? Although Huang Zhong is undoubtedly a brave general of the Three Kingdoms, his age waits for no man, so he can only be ranked last, but he is the only one among the five Iliad generals who died in battle. His tragic death is admirable!
In The Romance, Huang Zhongneng "killed two birds with one stone, and hit the target with one hundred shots", even Guan Gong almost died under his arrow, which can be said to be the three archers tied with Lu Bu and Taishi Ci in The Romance. The story of Lu Bu shooting halberd at Yuanmen is well-founded in the history books. "... (Lu) Bu Ling held a halberd in the camp under the door, and sent a message saying," When you watch the cloth and shoot the twig of the halberd, you should let it go, and you can't stay and fight. Raise the bow and shoot the halberd, with the middle branchlets in the middle. All the generals were shocked and said, "General Tianwei is also!" "(Biography of Shu Wei Lyu3 bu4) Taishi Ci's good marksmanship can also be found in the historical biography:) ... If you want to persuade the thief to follow (Sun), the thief will take a chariot upstairs, hold the tower (the pillar in the pavilion), shoot it with kindness, hold an arrow to pierce the tower, and outsiders will be kind ..." (Wu Shu Taishi Ci shows that Huang Zhong's arrow is just a wonderful pen of a novelist, in order to make the same thing happen. Actually, it was a great success. Today, Huang's reputation is even higher than that of Lu Bu and He.
The story of Guan Yu leading 500 school swordsmen to attack Changsha and fighting with Huang Zhong for a hundred rounds is also fictional by novelists. The historical records about Liu Bei's acquisition of the four counties in the south of Jingnan are as follows: "... (Liu Bei) conquered the four counties in the south, and all the Wuling prefect Jin Xuan, Changsha prefect Han Xuan, Guiyang prefect Zhao Fan and Lingling prefect Liu Du surrendered. "The First Biography of Shu Shu" Huang Zhongchuan said: "Jingzhou herded Liu Biao, with (Huang Zhong) as the corps commander, and together with Biao Yan guarded Youxian County in Changsha. Cao Cao named Jingzhou as a general, and he still belongs to Changsha satrap Han Xuan. The late Lord (Liu Bei) was set in a county in the south, and he was loyal to his promise ... "The practice at that time was that he would leave hostages when he surrendered to the enemy. Later, the generals who surrendered to the enemy also called it "taking the lead." Since Shi can't find evidence that Huang Zhong beat Guan Yu, "Guan Yunchang's solution" is of course only the plot of the novel.
Huang Zhong's magic gun may be imaginary, but his bravery is real. After Huang Zhong joined Liu Bei's camp, Liu Bei attached great importance to Huang Zhong and made him a vanguard general when he was at war with Liu Zhang. Huang Zhong didn't disappoint Liu Bei either. Every battle, "always loyal to Chen (through the" array "), bravely crowned the three armies", made great contributions. Therefore, after Yizhou was pacified, Liu Bei named him General Lu. Although his rank is not as good as that of Zhang Guan Ma Chao, he is already the best among generals.
When the offensive and defensive war in Hanzhong started, Huang Zhong achieved the most outstanding achievement in his life: killing the famous Cao Junxia. The Shu book "Biography of Huang Zhong" said: "... (Huang Zhong) attacked Xiahou Yuan at Dingjun Mountain in Hanzhong, and the people of the Yuan Dynasty were very capable. Loyalty and righteousness pushed the front, he advised the soldiers, the golden drums shook the sky, and the cheers moved the valley. The yuan army won the first battle. In this battle, Huang Zhong not only showed great courage, won the battle and won himself the position of a general on the western front, but also almost decided the ownership of Hanzhong. When head coach Xia died, Zhang He and others were forced to retreat, and Liu Beijun mastered the natural barrier of Hanzhong. Later, although Cao Cao personally came to Hanzhong, he was unable to recover it, and Hanzhong eventually fell into the hands of Liu Bei. Liu Bei ascended the throne in Hanzhong, appointed Huang Zhong as the post-general, and appointed Guan Neihou as the four generals of Liu Bei's camp, together with Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Ma Chao.
General Huang Zhong died a year after his promotion. There is no record in History of Nakagawa that Huang Zhong once participated in Liu Bei's war against Wu. Perhaps it is because Huang Zhong's death is not heroic enough, and the romance novel rewrites Huang Zhong's death into a heroic death in Journey to the East. In this way, heroism is heroism, but it is also inevitable to be sad. Isn't it the best ending to die at the peak of your career? After Shu Shu's biography: "In the autumn and September of the third year (AD 260), I paid homage to the late generals Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Pang Tong and Huang Zhong." Guan Hou, Zhang Huan Hou, Ma Chao Hou, Pang Hou and Huang Gang Hou all think this is a great honor.
When people call Huang Zhong, they often don't forget to add the word "veteran". In fact, this is worth pondering. Huang Zhong's name first appeared in Romance. At that time, Guan Yu volunteered to lead the troops to attack Changsha. Kong Ming warned him: "Today, Han Xuan, the satrap of Changsha, is incompetent, but he has a general, a Nanyang native, surnamed Huang, whose name is Han Sheng. He is a corps commander under Liu Biao's account and lives with Liu Biao's nephew Liu Pan in Changsha. Although he is nearly 60 years old this year, he has improper courage ... "In Chapter 70, when Huang Zhong and Yan Yan led the troops to take the Tiandang Mountain guarded by Zhang He, Zhao Yun also said," Why do you take your parents as enemies? " "Romance is really interested in managing the image of Huang Zhong in his later years.
Edit this paragraph ■ the standard of five tigers and generals.
To sum up, it is not difficult for us to sum up the standards of the general five tigers:
First of all, it should be the standard of martial arts. Throughout the Three Kingdoms, Zhao's martial arts are first-class. Modern battlefields no longer pay attention to micro-gestures, but still show their outstanding "martial arts" in the future by participating in and commanding operations, fighting hard battles, killing famous soldiers and creating fame.
Secondly, it should be the standard of military exploits. Generals who often lose battles must not be included in the ranks of the five tigers. Compared with others, more meritorious military service and record should be an important indicator of becoming a five-tiger general.
Third, it should be the standard of action. Whether it is often reused, whether it has the ability to fight independently in a certain aspect, and whether it can show its leading role in a specific area in a complex battlefield are the criteria for judging the five tigers and generals from the functional point of view.
The fourth should be the qualification or resume standard. Education and resume are a long-term, multi-stage and different scenarios. The so-called battle-hardened, tempered into steel, this is also called.
The fifth should be the standard of literary talent and military strategy. The Five Tiger Generals should not be just a rough general who is brave as a man, but a wise man who is knowledgeable and familiar with the laws of war.
Edit this passage ■ The official history of the five tigers and generals.
There is no such thing as a general with five tigers and a general with four tigers in history.
Is there any basis for the origin of the Five Tiger Generals? Chen Shou's History of the Three Kingdoms is based on the principle that people with the same historical status should be handed down. "Liu Liu" is enough to explain the position of these five people in the Shu-Han camp.
It is said in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms that when Liu Bei was the king of Hanzhong, was it out of thin air to appoint Zhao as the Iliad? There is no specific record in the History of the Three Kingdoms, but it is mentioned in the History of Huayang that Guan Yu is a former general, Zhang Fei is a right general and Ma Chao is a left general, all of which are false festivals. Huang Zhong is the post-general and Zhao is the general. The rest entered the official number. In other words, Huayang Guo thought that the five generals who were sealed at that time were the most important generals in Shu. Isn't it like the Iliad?
General Zhao's army is mixed here, but what rights and how much power does the mixed general have? Only Liu Bei who sealed him knows. In addition, Zhuge Liang was just a miscellaneous name at that time, but he had done a good job as prime minister.
Edit this paragraph of historical materials related to the five tigers and generals.
Cai Liang Village was recorded by famous ministers in past dynasties, and Zhu Keting was in the first year of Qianlong.
Yun, Ma Chao and Huang Zhong. Tiger general number five. Chen shou is strong and strong. Compared with irrigation vines.
That's the last name, too.
Zhao Yun, West Shu Kingdom, Xiao Xiong, Five Tigers Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Huang Zhong, Ma Chao and Zhao Yunpei.
In the Southern Song Dynasty, Zhao Yun, a hero of the two rivers, summoned five handsome men, Li Jin, Dong Rong, Niu Xian and Zhang Yu, and Zhao Yun was the best.
When two Zhao Yun were lovers, the meaning was very fast.
A Review of Li Jingxing's Four Histories in the Late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China
Guan Yu, Zhang Fei, Ma Chao, Huang Zhong and Zhao Yun are all famous players in Shu, so they are all combinations.
Edit the birth, death and cause of death of the five tiger generals in this paragraph.
Guan Yu (162? -220) was captured by Sun Quan's army outside Maicheng, and was soon killed by Sun Quan. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Guan Yu died at the age of 58.
Huang zhong (? -220) died of illness. In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Huang Zhong was unfortunately shot by Ma Zhong, a general of the State of Wu in World War I, and died in 222 AD. According to the literature, he lived 75 years old, and he was not young.
Zhang Fei (167? -22 1) Before conquering Wu, he was killed by He Da. According to the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhang Fei died at the age of 55.
Ma Chao (176-222) died of illness. In the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Ma Chao died after Zhuge Liang's southern expedition in 227 AD.
Zhao Yun (? -229) died of illness.