Source of works
It is a poem written by Li Bai, a great poet in the Tang Dynasty, who returned to Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) in the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong in 760 and witnessed the tragic situation of his wife and children crying for land before the newly recruited soldiers went to war.
On the one hand, this poem deeply sympathizes with the sufferings of the soldiers and people who went to war, on the other hand, it encourages people to take the overall situation into consideration, support the counterinsurgency war and fight bravely. This ambivalence constitutes the sad, generous and painful style of the whole poem.
original work
Yuzhanghang
Hu Feng blows instead of horses, and guards Luyangguan in the north.
When will it snow in Wu Bing?
Halfway through Liao and Jin, Huang Yun was in great pain.
The old mother and son left without saying goodbye and cried among the weeds.
The white horse is surrounded by flags and mourns to climb high.
Poplar autumn moon is bitter and cold, and Zhang Yushan is in early autumn.
I'm from Ming Xiu, and I haven't been idle while cutting Lu Su.
Do you cherish fighting to death? Sweep away the fierce stubbornness for you.
There are no feathers in the stone. Why are you afraid of danger?
If the ship flies like a whale, it will fall into the bay of stars.
I can't play this song, and the three armed forces have become a spot.
Sentence annotation
⑴ Yu: The old topic of Yuefu. "Xiang He Ge Ci Qing Qu" lists 34 volumes of Yuefu poems, and quotes "Ancient and Modern Music Record" saying: "Yu". The ancient poplars in Lu Xun written by monk Wang Duyun will not be circulated today. "
⑵ "Hu Feng" sentence: one is "Yan people save the Red Moon". Hu Feng: The north wind. Daima: A good horse produced in Daidi (now northeast Shaanxi and Yuxian County, Hebei Province). This refers to Huma
⑶ Luyangguan: It was called Lu Guan in the Warring States Period and Luyang in the Han Dynasty, located in the southwest of Lushan County, Henan Province. Legend has it that Luyang went to war and returned to the second house, which is also here.
(4) Wu Bing: Soldiers recruited in Wuyuedi, generally referring to soldiers in Jiangnan area. Sea: refers to Poyang Lake.
(5) Going to Liaojin: In Jianchang County, Zhang Yu County (now xiushui county, Jiangxi Province), flowing water (namely Ganjiang River) flows through the county seat and enters Poyang Lake.
[6] Call for help: Point to the sky and call for help loudly. Describe extreme pain.
(7) White Horse: A "Hundred Birds".
⑻ "Poplar" sentence: The old saying "Jade Zhang Hang": "Poplar was born in Zhangyushan." Zhang Yushan refers to the mountain in Zhang Yu County.
(9) Ming Xiu people: people in the period of peace and prosperity. Ming Xiu: Beautiful and clear.
⑽ Idle: Good at "being wise".
⑾ fierce and stubborn: fierce and stubborn. It also refers to a fierce and stupid person.
⑿ "Jinggan" sentence: "Miscellanies of Xijing" Volume 5: "Guangxin and his brother are hunting in the north of Mingshan. When they saw Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, they shot and killed with one arrow. He hunted in the sun of Ghost Mountain and saw Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon. Shoot it, the drinking water carrier has no feathers. Further, it is a stone. It is shaped like a tiger. If you shoot more, the carbon will break dry, but the stone will not hurt. Sacrificing with Yang Ziyun, Yang Ziyun said,' Honesty is also a stone.' "This has its meaning.
[13] Forget: Make a "cloud". Fear: fear, fear.
[14] Ship building: a large ship with buildings. In ancient times, many warships were used. Also refers to the water army.
⒂ Luoxing Bay: Peng Li Bay in the northwest of Poyang Lake. It is said that there are stars falling here, so it is also called Luoxing Bay.
[14] Three armies: The ancient emperors set up six armies, and the princes set up chariots. Also known as the military, upper, middle and lower armed forces, or the foot, car and riding armed forces. Later called the army.
Translation of works
The north wind blew Huma and occupied Luyangguan in Ruzhou. Wuyue's newly recruited troops braved the heavy snow in Poyang Lake and conquered Land Rover in the west. The loyal minister of Wu crossed the water of Liao and Jin, but it was bleak. The old mother's son cried very sadly, and people were worried. White horse around the standard, mournful chase. The poplars are bleak, the autumn moon is bleak, and Zhang Yushan falls early. Born in peace and prosperity, he was not used to fighting the conference semifinals, but gave his life to serve the Lord faithfully and destroy the stubborn enemy. Its sincerity can be felt, and the stone opens. How can we not be afraid of difficulties and dangers? The ship flew in the water like a long whale, with rough waves and agitation, and landed in Xingwan Bay. I will stop here to listen to this sad song. If I play it again, the hair of the soldiers in the three services will turn white.
Creation background
In the first year of Shangyuan in Tang Suzong (760), the An-Shi Rebellion had not subsided, and the internecine activities within the army had made the military strength worse than before, but it was still rampant in the Central Plains. In order to completely quell the rebellion, the people in the southeast at that time still sent their children to join the army and go to the front. After years of war, the people have been exhausted, almost to the point of no pay. This year, Li Bai returned to Zhang Yu (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) and witnessed the tragic scene of his wife and children fighting for land before the newly recruited soldiers went to war. With mixed feelings, he wrote this famous article "A Journey to Zhang Yu".
works appreciation
This poem begins with four sentences, and the poet summarizes the war situation at that time. "Hu Feng" is the north wind, which symbolizes the arrogance of Anshi rebellion, because Anshi is the semi-final of the conference. At that time, Anshijun was relying on Luyang (now Lushan, Henan), and the word "Bao" not only saw the arrogance of the rebels, but also saw the chaos of the rebels, and expressed the poet's hatred. According to Hai Xue, we can see that Wu Bing is well dressed and imposing. But Tang Jun really didn't have such morale at that time, which was just the poet's subjective wish. At first glance, the sentence "When will I return to the West" is abrupt and discouraging, but it really tells the war situation at that time and the poet's hard-to-hide worries about it, suggesting that the sacrifice in the future is huge. This emotional turning point is the following derivation and transition.
In the next eight sentences, the poet poured his sadness and bitterness into the description of the parting scene, which is one aspect of the poet's feelings. The word "half crossing" shows that some recruiters have boarded the ship and set sail, and many recruiters are still reluctant to say goodbye to their families on the shore. People look back step by step, and the painful scene of sadness step by step eclipses the world. The parting between mother and son is the most emotional and sad, and mother is old. The reader is like seeing this old man with white hair and tearful eyes, trembling slightly with crutches and taking clothes to send his son to war. Knowing that her son was gone, it was hard for her to live, so she "cried in the weeds", crawled on the grass, told the sky about all kinds of injustice in the world, and cried to the earth about the bitterness of her fate. However, at this time, she cries every day, and the land is ineffective. I am afraid that the old man will have no life in his later years. The separation of mother and child is the most typical, as is the separation of husband and wife and brother. The reader seems to hear the loud cry among the weeds, as if he saw the tearful eyes staring at each other from a distance. The conscripts have boarded the ship, and the horses they ride whine around the standard, as if they also know that they are missing their homeland. How can people be inferior when horses are like this? Writing about horses on the surface is actually a powerful foil and supplement to the people written on it. "The autumn moon of poplar is bitter, and it falls early in Zhangyushan", with the falling of poplar leaves, the already miserable atmosphere above is even more rendered. The writing order of this layer is to write people first, then horses, and then trees. On the surface, it is gradually retreating. In fact, it received a step-by-step effect, formed a tragic picture that was unsightly, and played a sad movement that was unbearable, which fully reflected the poet's deep sympathy for the suffering people.
The following six sentences express the other side of the poet's feelings: sincere heart and deep love for the troubled motherland. The poet changed to the form of recruiting people to tell stories, showing the heroic spirit of conscripts who are generous and heroic and not afraid of sacrificing for their country. This newly recruited soldier is obviously not the poet's ideal hero against the enemy. Born in prosperous times, he is a lower-class peasant who is not used to bows and arrows. From this phenomenon, we can see the shortage of soldiers, the poet's dissatisfaction with reality, and the people's eagerness and great endurance to resolutely join the army and counter-insurgency. These soldiers who only know farming have a strong spirit of serving the country. They "do not hesitate to fight to the death, to sweep away the evil for you?" This radical oath comes from the recruiter's mouth and also expresses the poet's strong patriotic passion. Although these recruiters are not strong in martial arts, their sincere heart of sacrificing their lives and serving their country will certainly influence stubborn stones, like Li Guang, a flying general in the Han Dynasty. Such an army is not afraid of any hard sacrifices and will certainly contribute to the resistance of the country and the people. Of course, these generous words are just the poet's good wishes and encouragement to these children.
The last four sentences sum up the whole poem: "If a ship flies like a whale, it will fall into the Star Bay." Yao Ying wrote the sentence "Wu Bing Zhao Hai Xue", which also contains six sentences on the third floor. Tang Jun's fleet, full of soldiers and their lofty aspirations, went straight to Luoxing Bay (now northwest of Poyang Lake) and then re-entered the Yangtze River. "This song can't be played, and the three armed forces have spots." The poet changed his generous and heroic style, and the whole poem ended in a sad and sad atmosphere. These two sentences correspond to the sentence "When will the Western Expedition be returned", which contains eight sentences on the second floor. The poet returned to the sad parting scene in reality. That old song Yu is dedicated to the pain of separation. It is not allowed to play such songs at this time, otherwise the soldiers will be more homesick, and their temples will be white with grief.
Summarizing the whole poem, people obviously feel the poet's ambivalence. On the one hand, he expressed deep sympathy for the suffering caused by the war and shed tears of concern for the people; On the other hand, it encourages recruiting talents to take the overall situation into consideration, supports the counterinsurgency war, and expresses concern for the country. This extremely painful ambivalence constitutes the style of the whole poem, with sadness and generosity, pain and passion intertwined, which is very similar to Du Fu's emotional appeal of "three officials" and "three farewell" to worry about the country and the people. Consistent with this style, this poem forms a cadence structural feature. The middle fourteen sentences are suppressed first and then raised, and the last four sentences are raised first and then suppressed, and the tail is suppressed. This patchwork structure conforms to the poet's mood.
Li Bai is a romantic poet who is good at lyricism. He integrated the world landscape and the reality of complex society into the subjective emotional world he expressed, which is the main method and characteristic of Li Bai's poems reflecting reality. However, the style of Li Bai's poems is colorful, and it is by no means limited to this. In his poems, there are indeed some immortal works that directly reflect and comment on reality, such as Yu. Especially in his later years, he witnessed the Anshi rebellion and was trapped in prison, and the situation was even worse than before. At this time, he had a more realistic and calm understanding of the real society, so his works changed from worrying about his own life experience to deeply worrying about the country and people's livelihood. During this period, Li Bai wrote many excellent realistic poems. A realistic masterpiece like Yu can even be compared with Du Fu's.
Li Baishen writes the rest skillfully. Yu's ancient ci is dedicated to the pain of parting, and the use of this ancient ci by later generations has not exceeded this scope. From the content point of view, Li Bai's Yu Zhangxing also wrote the pain of parting, and from the form point of view, there are also some sentences that conform to the old saying. Li Bai, on the other hand, broke through the narrow world of the predecessors who said that life is short and prosperous soon (see Yue Fu Poetry Collection Cited Ancient and Modern Music Record), endowed poetry with rich social content and wrote such a profound article. No matter in the depth of ideological content or the thickness of expressive force, it surpasses the previous works. This is the inheritance and development of the fine tradition of "writing current affairs through ancient music" since the Han and Wei Dynasties (Volume 5 of Shen Deqian Ancient Poetry Source), which is really commendable for Li Bai, a great poet known for his romanticism.
Famous comments
Song Xu Lian's Dictionary of Appreciation of Li San's Poems: "Depressed and frustrated" is a high generalization of Du Fu's poetic style, and it is appropriate to use these four words to summarize the style of Li Bai's Yu Zhangxing.
Brief introduction of the author
Li Bai (70 1 ~ 762), whose name is Taibai, is a violet layman. He is the most unique and greatest romantic poet after Qu Yuan. He has the reputation of "poetic immortal" and is also called "Du Li" with Du Fu. His poems are mainly lyrical, showing the arrogant spirit of contempt for powerful people, expressing sympathy for people's sufferings, being good at depicting natural scenery and expressing his love for the mountains and rivers of the motherland. The poetic style is magnificent and bold, the imagination is rich, the language flows naturally, the melody is harmonious and changeable, and it is good at absorbing nutrients and materials from folk literature and myths and legends, which constitutes its unique magnificent and gorgeous color and reaches the peak of poetic art in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. There are more than 1000 poems, including 30 volumes of Li Taibai's Collection.