"Life is a hero, and death is a ghost. I miss Xiang Yu so far and refuse to cross Jiangdong ",which is a quatrain circulated by Li Qingzhao, a poetess in the Song Dynasty. Some time ago, I read historical records. After reading Biography of Xiang Yu and Gao Ancestral, I can't help thinking a lot, and I seem to have a new understanding of the failure of Xiang Yu's meditation. In the dispute between Chu and Han, I think Xiang Yu is a loser, but he has not completely failed. He just lost the world, but he didn't lose the title of hero. Perhaps this is the reason why future generations respect him!
Heroes are not judged by success or failure. In the process of the struggle between Chu and Han, Xiang Yu did not dare to compliment in some aspects, such as his cruelty. When Xiang Yu captured Xianyang City, he not only killed the king of Qin, but also set fire to Epang Palace. In fact, in-depth analysis from the historical background, Xiang Yu's cruelty is not entirely due to the tyranny of his own humanity, but he is also venting the bitterness of the people all over the world. Everyone thought that after Qin Shihuang sealed the six countries, the world was at peace and the people lived a stable life, but this was not the case. Less than 20 years after Qin Shihuang unified the six countries, some social phenomena appeared, such as burning books to bury Confucianism, repairing Epang Palace and the Great Wall, such as exterminating speech and wasting people's money. At that time, scholars were afraid to touch hundreds of theories such as poetry books, and the people in the world were in dire straits. After the uprisings in Chen Sheng and Guangwu, people of insight from all over the world responded in succession, and the demise of the Qin Dynasty became a historical necessity. Xiang Yu set fire to Afangshan and Xianyang slaughterhouses, although he vented the resentment of the people who suffered greatly, but this behavior was a double-edged sword. After an impulse, people who gradually become rational will definitely think about Xiang Yu's behavior. Perhaps they can think that if Xiang Yu wins the world one day, with his cruelty, he may destroy a tyrannical Qin State and produce another tyrannical Chu State.
Liu Bang's genius lies in his ability to control his personality well in the face of this complicated period of social contradictions. He is very eager to get the world, and fighting is only part of it, but being good at using his brain and playing with his wrist is the fundamental difference between him and Xiang Yu. He attacked Xianyang city, but did not enter the city. When Xiang Yu arrived, he gave him this hot potato, nominally saying how he deeply understood the righteousness and how to respect Xiang Yu. In fact, he had long known Xiang Yu's character and what would happen after he entered the city, and he unconsciously trapped Xiang Yu in injustice.
Personality determines success or failure. This is the truth summed up by later generations, but it has been clearly expounded in historical records. The greatness of Historical Records is not only a record of history, but more importantly, his portrayal of historical figures is so real and natural. When Qin Shihuang was on a southern tour, Xiang Yu met him and said, "He can replace him." But when Liu Bang saw Qin Shihuang in the street of Xianyang, he suddenly sighed: "Oh, what a gentleman!" In just two sentences, they have profoundly portrayed their distinctive personalities, one is arrogant and conceited, and the other is ambitious but extremely vain.
Chu and Han contended. In most cases, the strength contrast between the two sides is that Chu is stronger than Han, but why did Liu Bang win in the end? This is related to Liu Bang's foresight and in-depth understanding of Xiang Yu's character. In a battle, Xiang Yu captured Liu Bang's father alive, and Xiang Yu threatened to kill Liu Bang's father. Liu Bang said: "When we became sworn brothers, you said that your father was my father and my father was your father. If you kill him, cook me a pot of soup. " This shows that Xiang Yu's character has been fully understood by Liu Bang. Therefore, Liu Bang always made full use of Xiang Yu's personality weakness and realized his ideal ambition step by step while attacking Xiang Yu.
When Chu and Han fought for Xiang Yu, Xiang Yu put forward a peace proposal and negotiated to demarcate the Chu-Han border. Later, Liu bang went back on his word. In Xiang Yu's retreat, Liu Bang commanded an army to cross the river boundary to force Xiang Yu, and finally besieged Xiang Yu, which led to the tragic ending of Xiang Yu's suicide in Wujiang River. Director of Wujiang Pavilion once advised Xiang Yu to save his strength and make a comeback after crossing the river. However, his arrogance and strong self-esteem finally killed him. This completely violates Liu Bangdi's personality. Perhaps it is this point of Xiang Yu that left some so-called heroism, which was appreciated and affirmed by future generations!
After the Chu-Han dispute, Liu Bang said that Xiang Yu failed because he was not good at employing people. This is his simplest but most incisive evaluation of Xiang Yu. This has a lot to do with Xiang Yu's character. His arrogant and conceited personality is the best in the world, and even Fan Zeng, an adviser known as his father, doesn't listen. How can Han Xin, who is talented but still a nobody? Heroes need self-confidence and courage, but they can't expand indefinitely, so self-confidence can easily become conceited. Xiang Yu's failure came from the expansion of his self-confidence. In addition, no matter how smart and brave a person is, his own efforts are too limited. In the dust of history, a person is just a dust, maybe he is a golden sand that can shine in the sun, but the light of a golden sand is insignificant in the vast universe, so Xiang Yu, who is not good at employing people, can only become an exclamation point in historical poems, and will not change the historical process.
After reading this story in Historical Records, I am not sad for Xiang Yu's failure. Xiang Yu does have his fatal weakness, but at least he can be regarded as a loyal and honest man. Otherwise, Liu Bang could not escape the robbery at the Hongmen banquet, and Liu Bang's phrase "My dad is your dad" could not touch Xiang Yu's sympathy. Therefore, when he was surrounded by Gaixia, when he sighed deeply, many years later, he could still touch future generations. He faced defeat as a winner. On the contrary, Liu Bang, the great emperor who achieved the great cause of the emperor and won the world, sacrificed his personality and morality in every journey to success and used all available means to achieve his goals. After winning the world, he did not forget to eradicate those heroes who used to be dangerous in the future. How can this be praised by future generations? So from a certain point of view, Liu Bang defended the dignity of the winner with the behavior of a loser. Perhaps this is why Li Qingzhao thinks that heroes should be like Xiang Yu, "live as heroes and die as ghosts"!
About the battle between Chu and Han, the last battle, Xiao He's success or failure, rebellion, independence, hand-to-hand combat, the more the better, sharing my cup of tea, the unparalleled national scholar, making great contributions, getting ahead, undressing and pushing food, raising money on behalf of others, walking at night on the brocade, bathing in monkey clothes, persevering, and crossing the rubicon.
What is the famous song that Chu and Han contend for? House of Flying Daggers is a large-scale pipa with historical theme, and it is one of the top ten ancient songs in China. There is no definite theory about the age of music creation. These materials can be traced back to the Tang Dynasty. In Bai Juyi's famous long poem Pipa Trip (772-846), it can be found that the author Bai Juyi once heard the pipa music describing the fierce fighting scenes.
House of flying daggers is one of the traditional repertoire of pipa, also known as house of flying daggers. The existing music score of this song was first found in Pipa (full name Pipa of North and South School, also known as Pipa of China) edited by Hua in18. The music describes the decisive battle in the Chu-Han War in 202 BC. The Han army ambushed the Chu army on all sides, Xiang Yu committed suicide in Wujiang River, and Liu Bang won. At the end of Ming Dynasty and the beginning of Qing Dynasty, it was recorded in the Biography of Pipa in Tang Dynasty that the pipa player once played a song of Chu and Han Dynasty: "The decisive battle between the two armies moved the world and the roof collapsed. Xu took a closer look, and there were golden drums, crossbows, war horses and war horses ... which made the listener excited first, then afraid and unable to cry. Too touching. "
Historical background of Chu-Han struggle. In urgent need. The cause of Chu-Han War.
Xiang Yu wiped out more than 400,000 main forces of Qin Jun in one fell swoop in the Battle of Julu, made the greatest contribution by himself, and gained the position of a general on the vassal, commanding the soldiers of the vassal, with great strength. At the same time, the rebel army led by Liu Bang, another road of Chu, was able to take advantage of the gap to enter Xianyang first. According to Chu Huaiwang's agreement, Liu Bang wanted to be king in Guanzhong. Xiang Yu also led more than 400,000 governors straight to Guanzhong. Xiang Yu, who thought he had made outstanding contributions and was self-reliant, carved up the world by himself, refused to make Liu Bang the king of Guanzhong and changed him to the king of Hanzhong (the county ruled Nanzheng, now Hanzhong, Shaanxi), which eventually led to war.
The dispute between Chu and Han is also called Chu-Han War, Chu-Han War, Chu-Han hegemony and Chu-Han struggle. After the demise of the Qin Dynasty, Xiang Yu pretended to respect Chu Huaiwang as the righteous emperor, and became the overlord of Chu, enfeoffed 18 c and named Liu Bang as Hanwang. The battle between Chu and Han, that is, from August of the first year of Han Dynasty (206 BC) to December of the fifth year of Han Dynasty (202 BC), was a large-scale war between Xiang Yu, the overlord of the western Chu Dynasty, and Liu Bang, the Hanwang, for political power, which ended with Xiang Yu's defeat and Liu Bang's establishment of the Western Han Dynasty.
After the failure of Chen Sheng and the peasant uprising, three years ago (208 years ago), Xiang Liang called the rebel leaders of Chu to discuss in Xue County (now Tengzhou, Shandong Province), and Liu Bang also led his troops to Xiang Liang. Soon, Xiang Liang adopted Fan Zeng's suggestion and made Xiong Xin, the great-grandson of Chu Huaiwang, king, still known as "Chu Huaiwang", and went to Xutai (now Xuyi, Jiangsu). A few months later, Xiang Liang and Zhang Han, commander-in-chief of Qin Jun, launched the battle of Dingtao. Xiang Liang was killed for underestimating his enemy, so he thought that Chu was no longer worried, so he led his troops to attack Zhao in the north and surrounded the prince of Zhao in Julu (now southwest of Pingxiang, Hebei). The prince of Zhao turned to the princes for help (Historical Records: Biography of Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty).
In the third year of Qin Ershi (the first 207 years), Chu Huaiwang was very frightened when he saw that Liang Jun was broken, so he moved the capital to Pengcheng (now Xuzhou, Jiangsu), and Ren Peigong and Liu Bang were the county magistrate, sealing Wu Houan and leading the county soldiers; Xiang Yu named him Hou of Chang 'an and Duke Lu, and soon Yi Song was appointed general. With the title of "Qing Zi Champion", Xiang Yu will go north to save Zhao for the second time, and at the same time send Liu Bang to attack Guanzhong (referring to the area west of Hanguguan), divide Chu and local rebels to attack Qin, and agree that "the first one to settle Guanzhong is" (Historical Records of the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty).
In the third year of Qin Ershi (207), Song Bing Yi stayed in Anyang (now southeast of Anyang, Henan) for 46 days. Xiang Yu killed Yi Song, and Chu Huaiwang had to make him a general. Xiang Yu then led six Wan Chu soldiers to continue northward to meet Zhang Han and Wang Li, who led more than 400,000 Qin Jun troops. The army that saved Zhao was on the sidelines again, and did not dare to fight. Xiang Yu made up his mind and defeated his main force outside the main city of Lucheng, and was forced to defect. After this battle, the Qin Dynasty existed in name only, and Xiang Yu became a great warlord, so he became a general on the warlord, commanding the soldiers of the warlord (see the Battle of the Julu). At the same time, the victory of this campaign created the most favorable conditions for Liu Bangjun to enter the customs smoothly. Soon, Xiang Yu was afraid that 200,000 soldiers of the State of Qin would fall and defect on the way to the customs, and all of them were killed in Xin 'an (now Mianchi East, Henan Province), which shocked the world and made Xiang Yu and others lose the hearts and minds of Guanzhong to a great extent. At the same time, Pei Gong and Liu Bang took advantage of the gap to tackle key problems and entered Xianyang. Zi Ying, the king of Qin, surrendered and the Qin Dynasty perished (Records of the Historian Xiang Yu Biography).
Chen Ping's resume, contending between Chu and Han, Chen Ping (? -Before 178), Wu Yang (now Yuanyang, Henan Province) was one of the founding heroes of the Western Han Dynasty. In the dispute between Chu and Han, Liu Bang got many help. Emperor Wen of Han was then the right prime minister and later moved to the left prime minister.
Chen Ping? Wu Yang (BC 178) was a great strategist. When I was young, I liked reading and had great ambitions. I used to divide the meat for the village, and my father praised it. He said with emotion: "If you flatten it, you will kill the whole world and still have so much meat!"
In the first year of Qin Ershi (the first 209 years), after the uprisings of Chen Sheng and Guangwu, the nobles of the six countries rose up in succession, and Chen Ping blamed Wang Wei for the past. Soon after, he was hanged and returned to Xiang Yu to break Qin. Liu Bang went to the Han Dynasty when he was still deciding on Sanqin. Be the commander in chief, so that you can join and protect the army. Later, he served as an Asian general and an army lieutenant. He participated in the Chu-Han War, put down the rebellion of the princes with different surnames (see the princes with different surnames), and became an important counselor of Liu Bang, the Emperor Gaozu of Han Dynasty. When Liu Bang was trapped in Xingyang, he suggested donating tens of thousands of Jin to alienate Xiang Yu's ministers, so that Fan Zeng, an important counselor of Xiang Yu, died of anger. In the sixth year of Emperor Gaudi (20 1 in the previous year), he suggested that Liu Bang travel and arrest Han Xin. The following year, Liu Bang spent seven days and seven nights in Pingcheng (now the northern part of Datong, Shanxi) for the Huns. Since then, he has adopted Chen Ping's plan to bribe modu chanyu's E Shi to get rid of it. Because of his work, Chen Ping is called Houhu and Houqu.
After the death of Emperor Gaozu, he became a doctor and taught Fu. In the sixth year of Huidi (former 189), he became the left and right prime ministers with the tomb. Chen Ping was the right prime minister after the imperial tomb was exempted, but Chen Ping was deprived of real power because Lu Hou made Zhu Lu king. After his death, he conspired with Qiu to pacify the rebellion of the Lu people and made the king Emperor Wen (see Heng). In the early years of Emperor Wendi, Chen Ping gave way to Zhou Bo and became Prime Minister Zuo. Because of his loyalty to his duties, he was praised by Emperor Wen. Soon, Zhou Bo went on strike and Chen Ping was appointed as Prime Minister. Xiaowen died two years later.
Seek the detailed history of Chu-Han struggle. At the end of Qin Dynasty, after Chen Sheng and the peasant uprising failed, the Chu Rebels attacked Qin in two ways. Xiang Yu annihilated Qin Jun's main force in Kanto (east of Hanguguan); Liu bang took advantage of the gap to attack Xianyang. Wu Qin. According to Chu Huaiwang's agreement that "the king of Guanzhong should be determined first", Liu Bang wanted to be the king of Guanzhong (referring to the area west of Liu Bang in Hangu Pass) and sent troops to Hangu Pass (now the north of Nanbeizhai Village in the northeast of Lingbao Old Town, Henan Province, hence the name) to prevent the vassals from entering the Pass. At the same time, it announced the abolition of the tyranny of the Qin dynasty and formulated "three chapters of the contract" with the elders of Guanzhong: "The murderer dies, and the wounded steal.
Xiang Yu wiped out Qin Jun's main force in Julu (now Pingxiang Township in the southwest of Hebei Province) and gained the status of vassal general, with great strength. Also rate governors army 400000, Qin Jun drop pawn 200000 straight to the guanzhong. On the way, Xiang Yu killed them all in Xin 'an (now Feichi East, Henan Province) for fear of the fall and rebellion of Qin State. In December of the first year (Qin system was adopted at the beginning of Han Dynasty, and October was the beginning of the year), Xiang Yu ordered Ying Bu to break through Hangu Pass and enter Hong Men (now Lintong East, Shaanxi Province) with the intention of eliminating Liu Bang Group. Liu Bangjun is less than 65,438+million, and his strength is expected to be lost. He tried to woo Xiang Yu's uncle Xiang Bo for mediation and went to Hong Men to show his sincerity and shake Xiang Yu's determination. The war did not break out immediately.
In February of the same year, Xiang Yu, with his overwhelming military superiority, cracked the soil and enfeoffed the 18 vassal state, thus restoring the feudal regime. Self-reliance as the overlord of western Chu, with Pengcheng as its capital (now Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province). Liu Bang was made King of Hanzhong, with its capital in Nanzheng (now east of Hanzhong City, Shaanxi Province). Guanzhong was divided into three parts, and Zhang Han, Sima Xin and Dong Kun were made kings respectively, in an attempt to control Guanzhong through them, and Liu Bang was trapped in the border area. Liu Bang adopted Xiao He's suggestion and decided to use Ba (the county governs Jiangzhou, now the north bank of Jialing River in Chongqing, Sichuan) and Shu (the county governs Chengdu, now Sichuan), and also decided to use Sanqin. The strategy of going east for the world. In April, I went to Hanzhong and China. Burn the plank road on the way to prevent the sneak attack of the vassal army, and show that there is no intention to move eastward. To paralyze Xiang Yu. Xiang Yu also moved to Pengcheng.
In May, Tian Rong, who did not break the seal of Xiang Yu, rose up against Chu in Qi State (now most of Shandong Province) and set up a king of Qimen. Xiang Yu sent his troops to strike Qi. Liu bang used Xiang Yu to have no time to look west, and Sanqin was unstable. "Making decisions in Dongxiang (Xiang) and fighting for power in the world; (Biography of Historical Records of Emperor Gaozu). Xiao He was ordered to levy Ba and Shu taxes to supplement the army, with Han Xin as the general, Cao Can as the pioneer and tens of thousands of troops, and actively deployed eastward. In August, the Han army sneaked out of the old road (named after the old road water, which governs the west of Beifengfu, Fengxian County, Shaanxi Province), attacked Yongdi, and besieged Zhang Hanjun in the abandoned hill (Yongdu, now southeast of Xingping, Shaanxi Province). At the same time, we divided our forces to capture Longxi (the county ruled Didao, now south of Lintao, Gansu), Beidi (the county ruled Yiqu, now northwest of Ningxian, Gansu) and Wu Jun (the county ruled Skin, now Yu He Fort, Yulin, Shaanxi), forced Sima Xin and Zhai Wangdong to surrender, and quickly pacified Sanqin and captured most areas of Shimonoseki; Subsequently, the Ministry of Life sent Xue Ou out of Wuguan (now southeast of Fengdan, Shaanxi Province) to enter the State of Chu, and was stopped by the Chu army in Yang Xia (now Taikang, Henan Province).
Under the situation of being attacked on both sides, Xiang Yu adopted the policy of "Qi first, then Han" and continued to attack Qi, and the main force was contained in Qi. Liu bang once again seized the fighter plane, consolidated Guanzhong and expanded his power. He personally led the army out of Shaanxi County (now west of Sanmenxia City, Henan Province) and marched eastward. Forced landing in Shenyang, Henan, with Wang Zhengchang and Han; Wei led the army to join forces, then captured Sima Men, the king of Yin, and quickly occupied the vast areas of central and southern Henan and northern Shanxi, resulting in a favorable situation of eastward advancement.
In April of the following year, Liu Bang accepted Dong Gong's Unknown Soldier, No Accident and Thief in Luoyang. The enemy can serve "(Zi Jian, volume 9, Emperor Gao's second year), taking Xiang Yu's murder as an excuse, taking revenge for the righteous emperor as a political call, contacting local governors, leading the allied forces to attack Chu with 560,000 troops, and capturing the capital Pengcheng in one fell swoop (see the Battle of Pengcheng). Xiang Yu's troops will continue to attack together. He will lead 30,000 soldiers to gallop south from Liu Bang, intoxicated with the joy of victory. Take advantage of it unprepared, defeat the Han army and recover Pengcheng. Liu Bang only led dozens of riders to break through and fled back to Xingyang (now Guxing Town, northeast of Xingyang, Henan). In this campaign, the Han army was wiped out by hundreds of thousands of troops and was greatly weakened.
Liu bang was defeated, and the princes rebelled against Han and turned to Chu. In order to get rid of the passive situation, Liu Bang fought for Ying Bu, made extensive use of Han Xin and Peng Yue, and joined forces against Chu from various aspects. Militarily, take advantage of the favorable terrain of Xingyang and Gaoping (now Sishui Town, northwest of Xingyang, Henan Province), divide our troops to guard, gain time and develop ourselves. In May of the same year, Liu Bang was supplemented by Xiao He Guanzhong troops in Xingyang, and Han Xin also led reinforcements to arrive, defeating the Chu army in Xingyang East, thus deterring the Chu army from advancing westward. Chu and Han were deadlocked in Xingyang, and the war situation was relatively stable (see the battle). In June, Liu Bang returned to Guanzhong, diverted water to break the waste mound, wiped out Zhang Han and occupied Guanzhong. Subsequently, measures were taken to establish a stable rear base, such as establishing a prince, pardoning criminals, making legislative orders, setting up counties and cities, and strengthening border defense. In August, he returned to Xingyang front.
At the beginning of three years, the Chu army launched an attack on the front line of the Han army, cut off the grain transportation tunnel of the Han army several times, and captured Xingyang and Gaoping. Liu bang was defeated and fled Guanzhong. In order to mobilize Xiang Yu, disperse troops, and get rid of the situation of clinging to the city and being passively beaten, Liu Bang adopted the advice of counselor Sheng Yuan. In May, he led the army out of Wuguan and went to Wan (now Nanyang City, Henan Province) and Ye (now southwest of Ye County, Henan Province). Xiang Yu was eager to find the main force of the Han army, so he led the army from Xingyang and Gaoping to Wan and Cao Zhen. The Han army persisted in not fighting. At this time, Xiapi (now Gupi Town, Suining, Jiangsu Province), an important town after Chu, was captured, forcing Xiang Yu to return to Li for rescue. The Han army took the opportunity to quickly go north and recover the elevation. In June, Xiang Yu returned to the army and launched a second attack on the Han army, occupying Xingyang and Gaoping again and moving westward. The Han army was defeated by Gong County (now southwest of Gong County, Henan Province), and the Chu army was blocked by deep ditches and high bases. In order to reduce the positive pressure, Liu Bangpa Liu Jia and Lu Wan brought twenty thousand troops to reinforce Peng Yue. They attacked the city and plundered the land behind Chu, cut off Chu's route for providing foodstuff, forced Xiang Yu to return to Peng Yue for the second time, and the Han army regained its elevation again.
In August of the following year, Wei lived in Hedong (the county public security city, now Yuwangcheng in the northwest of Xiaxian County, Shanxi Province) against Han, threatening the flank of the Han army. Liu Bangxian sent Shili, who failed in lobbying, and ordered Han Xin to lead the army to attack. Han Xin raided Anyi and captured Wei Bao alive. Liu Bang then adopted Han Xin's suggestion of "recruiting Yanzhao in the north, attacking Qi in the east, breaking Chu grain in the south and welcoming Xingyang King in the west", and sent 30,000 more troops to Han Xin to open up the northern battlefield (see the battle between Han Xin, Zhao and Yan Qi). In September of the same year, Han Xin took the lead in breaking generations.
In October of three years, after Han Xin crossed the Jingxingkou of Taihang Mountain (now southeast of Jingxing, Hebei Province) (see the battle of Jingxing), he abandoned his routine and defeated Zhao. Then follow the trend and surrender without a fight. In 2004 1 1 month, the Qi-Chu allied forces suffered another crushing defeat on the banks of Wei River (now Wei River in Shandong Province) (see the battle of Wei River), and the land was stable. At this point, Han Xin has moved more than 2,000 miles eastward, forming a strategic encirclement of the Chu army from the east and north directions, directly threatening the Chu rear area. In November of three years, when Liu Bang attacked the State of Chu, he sent advisers to lobby the King of Jiujiang to turn against Chu and attach Han. Ying Bu has jurisdiction over Jiujiang (Shouchun County, now Shouxian County, Anhui Province) and Lujiang (Shu Xian County, now Southwest Lujiang County, Anhui Province), with equal strength. When Ying Bu returned to Han, Xiang Yu's flank was in critical condition, and Long Qie was sent to attack Jiujiang Army. Liu bang achieved the goal of containing and dispersing the Chu army to the south. Xiang Yu led his army to Peng Yue for the second time and arrived in Suiyang (now southwest of Shangqiu, Henan). Wen Hanjun regained the elevation again and quickly led the troops back to the rescue. The Han army stuck to the danger, and the two sides confronted each other in Guangwu (now northeast of Xingyang, Henan). At that time, Han Xin threatened the capital of Chu army in the north. Peng Yue swam in the hinterland, so he had to split his troops and go south to Jiujiang, so that his troops were scattered, he was caught between Scylla and Charybdis, and he was short of food and grass, so he could not fight. According to the battle between Xingyang and Elevation, Liu Bang insisted on not fighting. In August of four years, the Chu army ran out of food and grass, and was forced to conclude a "sub-world" peace treaty with Liu Bang, "Historical Records of Xiang Yu", which divided the gorge (the ancient canal, located in the east of Xingyang, Henan Province), belonged to Chu in the east and Han in the west. After two years and five months of stalemate between Xingyang and Gaoping, the two armies of Chu and Han stopped fighting.
In September of four years, Xiang Yu withdrew from the East as agreed, and Liu Bang also wanted to return to the West. Sean and Chen Ping thought that "the world in the Han Dynasty was too (big) and a half, and all the governors attached it. Chu soldiers stop eating (exhausted), and this day will also be the death of Chu. It is suggested that "it is better to take it because of its opportunity" ("Historical Records of Xiang Yu"). Liu went back on his word, suddenly launched a strategic pursuit of the Chu army, and assembled Han Xin and Peng Yue to encircle the Chu army south. In October of five years, Liu Bang pursued the Chu army to Guling (now Taikang South, Henan Province). Because Han Xin and Peng Yue didn't stay put and meet up with each other as scheduled, the Chu army attacked early and was defeated and forced to stick to it. Starting from Zhang, Liu Bang ceded land to Han and Peng respectively. 1February, 400,000 troops including Han Xin, Peng Yue, Ying Bu and Liu Jia were mobilized, and 654.38+ Wan Chujun surrounded Gaixia (now Lingbi, Anhui, Huaiyang and Lu Yi, Henan) (see the Battle of Gaixia). Chu army soldiers eat less and are invincible. Hearing Chu songs at night, the morale of the army collapsed. Xiang Yu led 800 riders to escape from the south, and Liu Bang sent troops to pursue them. Xiang Yu went to Wujiang River (now wujiang town at the junction of Jiangsu and Anhui in the northeast of Anhui County) and committed suicide by defeat. In the next World War I, Liu Bang wiped out the Chu army, won the final victory and established the Western Han Dynasty.
Ji Xiang is more than eight feet long, and he can lift the tripod with great strength, which is more powerful than ordinary people. He has a prominent family background and uncle's cultivation, but Liu Bang is just a grassroots, and his martial arts has not mentioned practice, but as far as I guess, it should be average at most, and it must be far less than Xiang Yu anyway. Judging from its own conditions, Xiang Yu obviously occupied a great advantage, but in the process of competing for the world, why did Liu Bang push Xiang Yu into a corner and win the final victory? This has to be analyzed from Xiang Yu himself.
First of all, Xiang Yu's judgment on the world situation is problematic, that is to say, he is blind and arrogant and underestimates Liu Bang's strength. And Liu Bang happens to be an expert in pretending to be a grandson. It is estimated that Xiang Yu began to really pay attention to Chu Huaiwang's instruction that "the first to enter the customs is king", and Liu Bang took the opportunity to attack Qin Jun and then enter the customs. After this incident, Xiang Yu, who had a bad temper, could not tolerate Liu Bang as king and vowed to get rid of Liu Bang. But Liu Bang is an old fox. He is good at listening to other people's opinions, apologizing to Xiang Yu and saying good things. Finally, Xiang Yu relaxed his vigilance and fled while Xiang Yu was hesitant. In the years of infighting, Xiang Yu has always been in a high position, while Liu Bang has been quietly accumulating strength and winning the hearts of the people until the strength is equal, and then he took Xiang Yu to the beach. Xiang Yu's understanding of his opponent's strength is flawed, which makes him not stifle the threat in the cradle, and finally leads to bitter fruit.
What is the cause of the dispute between Chu and Han? From August 206 BC to February 202 BC, the dispute between Chu and Han lasted for several years.
The dispute between Chu and Han was a battle between Xiang Yu and Liu Bang for feudal ruling power after the peasant uprising in China at the end of Qin Dynasty. It lasted five years from August in the first year of Han Dynasty (206 BC) to December in the fifth year of Han Dynasty (202 BC).
What was the name of the last battle between Chu and Han?
The Han army launched a strategic pursuit in time, actively mobilized reinforcements, laid siege in multiple ways, and annihilated the Chu army with absolute superiority, creating a successful example of large-scale pursuit war in ancient China. The Battle of Gaixia was a decisive battle in the struggle between Chu and Han. It is not only the end of the Chu-Han struggle, but also the starting point of the prosperity of the Han Dynasty. This is also a landmark turning point in the history of China. It ended the melee at the end of the Qin Dynasty, unified China and laid the foundation for 400 years of the Han Dynasty.
What are the opponents of Chu-Han confrontation, namely: Chu-Han confrontation, also known as Chu-Han war, Chu-Han hegemony, Chu-Han confrontation and Chu-Han war?
Opponents are:
Xiang Yu-the overlord of Chu State
Liu bang-Hanwang
Time: 206 BC to 202 BC
In the end, Xiang Yu was defeated and Liu Bang established the Western Han Dynasty.