Canadian higher education is called "post-secondary education", which generally refers to the education of universities, community colleges, technical colleges or private vocational schools. And mainly the first two.
There are more than 80 universities in Canada, some of which are taught in French, some are bilingual in English and French, and most of the rest are taught in English. Many schools have adult continuing education programs and generally have special policies. Universities have the right to decide their own enrollment. Therefore, different provinces, different colleges or departments have different admission standards. Although there is no unified entrance examination system similar to China's college entrance examination, high school graduates still need to pass the high school graduation examination with unified proposition from the provincial ministries of education, which has become the auditing standard for university entrance.
There are more than 400 community colleges in Canada, most of which are established by the provincial government. Courses focus on applied arts, business, engineering and other vocational training, and the length of study varies, generally 65,438+0 to 2 years, depending on the courses studied. After graduation, students only have a diploma, not a degree certificate. But they can take some transfer courses equivalent to freshmen and sophomores, and then they can transfer to regular universities to continue their bachelor's degree studies. International students often choose such institutions, but only some institutions accept international students. The tuition fee of this community college is much lower than that of regular universities, and it is very flexible to offer full-time or half-time courses on and off campus.
University education (including postgraduate education) requires tuition, but Canadian citizens and permanent residents need to pay much less tuition than foreign students. This is because foreign students have to bear all the education expenses themselves, and the difference other than the low tuition fees of domestic students is made up by the government's education funds. In Quebec, full-time community college courses are free for citizens and immigrants. Due to historical reasons, Canadian university education was very British and French at first, and then influenced by the United States. At present, the credit system is widely used in universities, which is conducive to students' free transfer to other departments or schools and allows students to adjust their direction in time according to their own conditions. Students will get a diploma and a bachelor's degree certificate after graduating from college. The latter is divided into two categories: general bachelor's degree and honorary bachelor's degree. Ordinary undergraduate course lasts for 3 years, and the credits need to reach 40 to 60 points. An honorary bachelor's degree lasts for 4 years, and there must be specialized courses, which is 20 credits more than the former. After obtaining an honorary bachelor's degree, you can apply for a master's degree for two to three years. Direct application for doctoral degree requires a bachelor's degree course of 70 to 80 credits or more. But after all, there are not many majors that directly study PhD. Generally, after finishing a master's degree, I will study for a doctorate. Generally, the doctoral system is three years.
Canadian universities are generally divided into three semesters: spring, summer and autumn, but there are not many courses and students in the summer semester. Each semester lasts about 4 months. The autumn semester lasts from mid-September to 65438+February, which is the first semester of each academic year, followed by two to three weeks of winter vacation. The spring term lasts from June 1 to early May, followed by a four-month summer vacation. College students often use this time to work to earn money and accumulate tuition for the next semester.
The tuition fees of universities in different provinces vary greatly. Quebec is cheaper for Canadian students. But generally speaking, both domestic students and students with permanent resident status enjoy government subsidies and low tuition fees. Except Newfoundland and Manetho, all foreign students have to pay high tuition fees. There are also great differences between them, and some are even as high as four times that of domestic students. Therefore, it is wise to strive for permanent resident status first to save tuition.
The preparation of application materials for studying in Canada is similar to that of studying in the United States, and the preparation skills are similar.
First, the application materials for applying for undergraduate courses in Canada (taking the application of senior three students as an example)
1 transcripts, senior one and senior two (Chinese and English documents) (stamped with the official seal of the school), and even some schools require senior three transcripts;
2.2-3 letters of recommendation;
3. English resume of the applicant;
4. Personal statement; (one or more articles, according to the requirements of the school)
5. English test scores (TOEFL or IELTS scores can be provided for applications, and SAT scores are not required for China students).
6. Proof of study (if you have not graduated at the time of application, if you are admitted, the school will ask for a copy after graduation).
Second, the application materials for applying for graduate students in Canada (taking the application of senior students as an example)
1, transcripts of freshmen, sophomores and juniors (Chinese and English documents) (stamped with the official seal of the school);
2.2-3 letters of recommendation;
3. English resume of the applicant;
4. Personal statement;
5. English test scores (TOEFL or IELTS scores, some schools or individual majors will require GRE or GMAT scores)
6. Proof of study (if you have not graduated at the time of application, if you are admitted, the school will ask for a copy after graduation).
7. If the applicant is a liberal arts graduate student, some schools will also require writing samples.
Third, other information:
If you don't apply for a scholarship, some schools will require proof of funds to prove that the applicant has enough funds to complete his studies. Because the situation of each application is different, I won't elaborate here. You can check the stupid moderator's suggestion for the school to ask for proof of funds. (>& gt details)
Fourth, the study permit materials
Whether applying for undergraduate, master or doctoral degrees, you need to apply for a study permit as long as you have studied in Canada for more than 6 months. Apply for a study permit. Please click here for a detailed list of materials.
Tip: To apply for a postdoctoral position, you need to apply for a "work permit" instead of a "study permit".
Maclean magazine's ranking of Canadian universities in 2007
First, the overall ranking of medical doctors.
Ranked in 2007, ranked the year before last.
0 1 McGill University
02 UBC University of British Columbia 04
03 Queen's University 02
04 Toronto University of Toronto 03
05 university of alberta, Alberta 06
06 McMaster University 12
07 University of Western Ontario 05
Dalhousie Dalhousie University 14
University of Ottawa, Ottawa 1 1
10 University of Calgary
1 1 University of Saskatchewan in Saskatchewan 10
Laval Laval University 8
12 University of Sherbrooke 7
14 University of Montreal
15 University of Manitoba
Second, the overall ranking of comprehensive categories
Ranked in 2007, ranked the year before last.
0 1 Victoria Victoria University 03
Simon Fraser Simon Fraser University
University of Waterloo
University of Guelph 0 1
05 Memorial University 05
New Brunswick University of New Brunswick
Carlton Carlton University 1 1
08 York York University 09
09 Regina Regina University
10 University of Windsor
Concordia University 08
Third, the comprehensive ranking of basic universities
Ranked in 2007, ranked the year before last.
0 1 Acadia Acadia University 03
0 1 Mount allison allison University 02
03 Saint Francis Xavier University of Saint Francis Xavier 0 1
University of UNBC, Northern British Columbia 04
05 Trent University 10
Lesbridge Lesbridge University 14
Wilfrid Laurier Laurier University 06
08 university of prince edward island 05
University of Winnipeg 12
10 Lawrence University
1 1 Hutou Hutou University 15
1 1 moncton MacDonald University 18
Ryerson University 16
1 1 St. Mary's University of St. Mary 09
15 Brock University 19
Mount Saint Vincent mount saint vincent university
17 Bishop University 7
Brandon Brandon University 20
University of St. Thomas
20 Nipissing University 2 1
2 1 Cape Breton (UCCB) University of Cape Town 13