The Journey to the West was born in16th century, during Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty in China (1522- 1566), and it has been more than 400 years since then. Author Wu Cheng'en, whose real name is Ruzhong, whose real name is Sheyang Jushi, and The Journey to the West wrote the first draft in Wu Cheng'en's middle age, and then polished it. On the basis of predecessors' accumulation for many years, he recreated on the basis of folk literary works and stories learned from others.
The Monkey King is the most glorious image in the book. "Noisy Heaven" highlights his spirit of loving freedom and daring to resist. "The spread of Western learning to the East" shows the spirit of eliminating evil by Si Qi, a wise man. After the Monkey King failed to make a scene in the Heavenly Palace, he was released after being suppressed by the Tang Priest under the Five Elements Mountain for 500 years, and went to the West to learn Buddhist scriptures with Tang Priest. He is no longer the image of a rebel, but a man who wears a tight hoop and a tiger skin skirt and designs for the world.
Most of the fantasy worlds and mythical characters described by The Journey to the West are based on real life, and at the same time, they embody some good wishes of writers and people in the form of magic. Eighty-one difficulties, seventy-two changes, ghosts and gods' various abilities are full of illusions; Colorful treasures are obviously imagined by people in order to conquer nature or defeat the enemy. The Journey to the West constitutes the basic artistic feature of romanticism.
The Journey to the West artistically combined well-meaning satire, bitter satire and severe criticism, which made many chapters interesting and fully expressed the profound ideological content and the author's distinct love and hate. Forty-one short stories of "eighty-one difficulties" are also displayed through the intricate relationship among monks, Buddhists and demons, and waves of turmoil break out. In these countless fantasy plots full of struggle, they meaningfully entrust the broad masses of the people to resist evil forces and demand victory over nature and difficulties.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the pioneering work of China's ancient novel Zhang Hui.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms was very popular in ancient China. Song and Yuan dynasties came to the stage, and Jin and Yuan dynasties performed more than 30 kinds of Three Kingdoms operas. From Yuan Dynasty to Zhinian, the Pinghua of the Three Kingdoms published by Yu's family in Xin 'an came out. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Luo Guanzhong synthesized folklore, drama and scripts, combined with historical materials such as the History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou and Pei Songzhi's notes, and based on his personal understanding of social life, he created the well-known Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The earliest existing edition was published in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, commonly known as "Jiajing Edition", with a total of 24 volumes. During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang, the father and son of Maureen, collated historical events, added or deleted words, and revised them into "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" 120, which has been passed down to this day.
1330- 1400, Luo Guanzhong was a popular novelist in Ming dynasty. His native place is Taiyuan, Shanxi Province, and Qiantang, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, which is uncertain. According to legend, Luo Guanzhong was a screen guest of Zhang Shicheng, a peasant uprising army at the end of Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he also wrote popular novels such as Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties and plays such as Meet the Dragon and Tiger of Zhao Taizu.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes the history of nearly a hundred years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty. The book reflects the political and military struggle, the infiltration and transformation of various social contradictions in the Three Kingdoms period, summarizes the historical changes of this era and shapes a group of heroes. In grasping the history of the Three Kingdoms, the author showed an obvious tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao, focusing on the description of Liu Bei Group, praising the main figures of Liu Bei Group and trying to expose and lash Cao Cao. Today, we should dialectically understand the author's tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao. Respecting Liu and opposing Cao is the main tendency of folklore in Luo Guanzhong era, which implies people's hope for the rejuvenation of the Han nationality.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has created nearly 200 characters, among which Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Liu Bei and others are the most successful. Zhuge Liang is the incarnation of the "saint" in the author's mind. He has the lofty spirit of "devoting all his efforts to death" and the ambition of helping people rebuild a peaceful and prosperous world in modern times. In addition, the author endowed him with the peculiar ability of giving orders and calculating skillfully. Cao Cao is a treacherous man. His life creed is "I would rather teach the world to fail me". He is a political careerist and schemer, so don't confuse him with the real Cao Cao in history. Guan Yu is "brave and resolute" and "righteous as a mountain". But his loyalty is based on personal grudges, not the national justice. Liu Bei was portrayed by the author as a model of benevolence and righteousness, a corporal who valued virtue, and a man who knew people well and did his duty well.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes wars, big and small, with grand ideas and various techniques, which let us clearly see the bloody war scenes. Among them, the description of the battle of Guandu and Battle of Red Cliffs is ups and downs, ups and downs, and it is thrilling to read.
The book is not vulgar, concise and lively, full of momentum and lively.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms has brought the upsurge of China's historical novel creation, and its series of characters are well-known in China.
There are many versions of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, mainly including: Ming Hongzhi version of Romance of the Three Kingdoms, with simple words and simple content; Romance of the Three Kingdoms, a commentary added or deleted by Mao Zonggang in Qing Dynasty, was written in the early years of Kangxi, and it is the most widely circulated book in the society. People's Literature Publishing House reprinted many times.
A Dream of Red Mansions is an encyclopedia of China's late feudal society. Focusing on the upper aristocratic society, this novel vividly describes the whole life of China feudal society in the first half of the18th century, which is a mirror and epitome of this historical life. It is a true portrayal of the irretrievable collapse of ancient feudal society in China.
When Nu Wa tried to mend the sky by refining stones, one of the stones she refined was left unused and abandoned at the foot of Geng Qingshan. This stone has spiritual power, big and small, and comes and goes freely. Because there is no choice to mend the sky, I often feel sad and blame myself. Monks, monks and Taoist priests saw his cuteness and sent him "a prosperous country, a journey of poetry and ceremony, a land of prosperous flowers and willows, a country of wealth and gentleness." I don't know how long it took. When the empty Taoist passed by, he saw his experience carved on a stone, so he copied it from beginning to end and gave it to Cao Xueqin to read, add, delete and divide chapters. Here are the things carved on the stone. There is a gourd temple outside the Yanmen Gate in Gusu. Zhen Yinshi, a town official, lives next to the temple. Jia Yucun, a poor Confucian who lives in a temple, pitied him and gave him money to catch the exam. On the night of Lantern Festival, Zhen's daughter was abducted; Soon because of the Hulu Temple fire; The Zhen family was burned down again. Zhen took his wife to his father-in-law, was looked down upon, and became a monk with a lame Taoist.
The county magistrate was dismissed for being greedy for money, and later went to study in Lin Daiyu, the daughter of salt policy tutor Lin. Workers returning from Beijing. Jia Yucun asked Yue's family for help: Lin's mother-in-law wanted to take Daiyu to her side because she lost her mother. Lin asked to send Daiyu back to Beijing. Jia Yucun is connected with the Guo Rong family. With the help of Lin Ruhai's brother-in-law, Jia Zheng, he was appointed as Yingtianfu in Jinling.
When Daiyu entered the mansion, in addition to Jia Mu, she also met her great aunt, that is, Mrs. Xing, the wife of Jia She, and her second aunt, that is, the wife of Jia Zheng, the nephew of Mrs. Wang, the young housekeeper, Wang Xifeng, the wife of Jia Lian, the son of Jia She, and Jia Baoyu born in Tanchun Yingchun. Baodai and Baodai felt deja vu at first sight, but Baoyu broke his psychic jade because he saw that his beautiful cousin had no jade, which caused an unhappiness.
Jia Yucun was on trial in Yingtianfu, and Lian Win was kidnapped. The buyer is Aunt Xue's son, Mrs. Wang's sister, and Xue Pan from Imperial Merchants' House. Although Xue Pan killed the original buyer for Lian Win, Jia Yucun decided the case at will and let Xue Pan go. Xue Pan and his mother and sister Xue Baochai also live in Guo Rongfu.
Plum blossoms are in full bloom in Ningguo Mansion, and Jia Zhen's wife, You Shi, invited Jia Mu and others to enjoy the plum blossoms. Jia Baoyu took a nap, lived in Jia Zhen's daughter-in-law Qin Keqing's bedroom, fell asleep, watched the album Twelve Women in Jinling, listened to the song A Dream of Red Mansions, and had sex with the fairy Ke Qing. After waking up, wet dream was discovered by the maid and they had sex.
Wang Gou, a descendant of Beijing officials, has been reduced to farming in the countryside. Because my ancestors used to live with Mrs. Wang and Xifeng's family, I asked my mother-in-law granny Liu to go to Guo Rongfu to find Mrs. Wang for a windfall. Wang Xifeng accepted it and gave twenty taels of silver.
Xue Baochai once received a monk's golden lock and has been wearing it ever since. Daiyu was jealous of the idea of a good marriage and often secretly laughed at Baochai and warned Baoyu.
Jia Zhen's father, Jia Jing, abandoned his official position and left home to seek immortality. On his birthday, Jia Zhen held a banquet at home to celebrate. Because of Lin Ruhai's illness, Jia Lian took Daiyu to Gusu, and his brother Jia Rui molested Xifeng, who teased him and died.
After Qin Keqing died, Jia Zhen lived a luxurious life. Not only did he choose the best things, but he also spent two thousand dollars to donate a dragon to his son as a funeral set. On the way to the funeral, Feng coveted 3,200 pieces of silver, separated her lover, and made a young man and woman commit suicide in anger.
After Lin Ruhai's death, Daiyu had to live in Fu Rong. A feeling of desolation hung over her, and she often secretly shed tears, and her illness became more and more serious.
Yuan Chun, Jia Zheng's eldest daughter, was made a princess, and the emperor allowed him to visit his family. In order to welcome this grand ceremony, Guo Rongfu built an extremely luxurious Grand View Garden, and also purchased actresses, nuns, Taoist priests, and Miaoyu, who was born in a famous family and entered Guo Rongfu due to illness. On the night of Lantern Festival, Yuan Chun went back to her mother's house for a while and asked Baoyu and other sisters to present poems. Daiyu wanted to show off her talent, but she was ordered to write only one song. I deeply regret that Baoyu said that it would not happen again. Aroma took the opportunity to persuade Baoyu to study and "get to the point". Baoyu and Daiyu are young and affectionate. Because of Xue Baochai or other trivial matters. They often quarrel, and their feelings get deeper and deeper in constant quarrels.
Baochai sang opera on her birthday, and Xiao Dan looks like Daiyu. Shi Xiangyun, the granddaughter of Grandmother Jia's family, quickly said that Baoyu was afraid of Daiyu's anger and stopped her, which made both of them angry with Baoyu. Yuan Chun is worried that the Grand View Garden will be idle. So Baoyu and his sisters moved in. Baoyu went into the garden and hung out with these girls all day; The book was so full of gas that he stole books such as The West Chamber into the garden and Baoyu and Daiyu enjoyed them together.
Jia Huan, the son of Jia Zheng's aunt Zhao and Baoyu's brother, was jealous of Baoyu. When he copied the scriptures, he accidentally dropped a candle and burned Baoyu. Mrs. Wang cursed Aunt Zhao. Aunt Zhao hated Feng, so she asked Ma Daopo to kill Feng and Baoyu by magic. Monks and lame Taoist priests rubbed psychic jade and saved them. Daiyu's personality was melancholy, and the flowers fell in the late spring, so she was buried. Her name was Hua Zhong, and she wrote Flower Burial. Qing Wen, Baoyu's maid, dropped a fan and broke it. Baoyu told her. She contradicts others. She is sarcastic. She was so angry that Baoyu wanted to kick her out. Qingwen enjoys the cool in the evening. Baoyu told her to tear the fan to make her laugh. On one occasion, Shi Xiangyun advised Baoyu to talk about his career, and Baoyu grabbed the white, saying that Daiyu never said such a fucking thing; Daiyu happened to pass by, and I was very happy to hear it. Jin Chuaner, the servant girl of Mrs. Wang, molested Baoyu and was thrown into the well by Mrs. Wang and died. Jia Huan told Jia Zheng. Baoyu also made friends with an actor that Wang Ye liked, which made Wang Ye send someone to look for him. Jia Zheng was furious and beat Jia Baoyu to pieces. Mrs. Wang asked xiren to tell her. Decided that Xiren would be Baoyu's concubine in the future.
There was nothing to do in the Grand View Garden, so Tan Chun advocated the establishment of a poetry club. Singing Bai Haitang for the first time, Baochai won the championship; The second time I wrote chrysanthemum poems, Lin Daiyu overwhelmed everyone.
Granny Liu entered the mansion, and when the old lady found out, she settled down. Diners who hold a banquet in the Grand View Garden and make fun of their daughters; This sophisticated old woman is also willing to play this role. Grandmother Jia took Granny Liu to visit the Grand View Garden. In Longcui Temple, Miaoyu entertained Daiyu and Baochai for tea, and Baoyu also showed his face.
In order to celebrate Xifeng's birthday, everyone has held a banquet since Grandmother Jia's time. Xifeng was drunk and wanted to go home to rest. She ran into Jia Lian seducing the servant girl. Xifeng is crying. Forced the maid to hang herself, and the grandmother forced Jia Lian to make amends to Xi 'an.
Because of the order of drinking, Daiyu quoted a few verses from The West Chamber. Baochai noticed and forgave her, and their relationship improved. Dai Wang admitted that Baochai was a good person, and he was too worried. Dai Yu wrote "Autumn Window Storm" to express her sadness. Jia She took a fancy to Jia's maid Yuanyang and asked Mrs. Xing to find Jia. Yuanyang refused, and neither did Grandmother Jia. She only scolded Mrs. Xing. The relationship between Jia Mu and Jia She is even worse. At a banquet, Xue Pan molested Liu, who was good at singing and dancing and generous, and was afraid of retaliation, and fled to other places. Xue Pan lost face and went out to do business. His concubine Xiang Ling (Lian Ying) went to the Grand View Garden to study poetry. Several girls from relatives came to the Grand View Garden to make poems and quizzes, which was an unprecedented excitement and joy. Xiren went home because her mother was ill. Qingwen caught a cold at night and burned herself very hot. Baoyu celebrated his uncle's birthday, and Grandmother Jia gave him a sparrow gold robe made of peacock hair by a Russian tailor. He accidentally burned a hole. When I come back at night, the tailors in the street are afraid to mend it. Qingwen was seriously ill and made up for it overnight. At the end of the year, the Ningguo government paid the rent first, and the number of things sent was amazing, but Jia Zhen was still too little. Because of Chinese New Year's hard work, Xi-feng miscarried and couldn't manage her family, so Tan Chun, Baochai and others coordinated the director. Tanchun was born to Aunt Zhao, and Aunt Zhao's brother died. Tanchun didn't give much money as usual, and mother and daughter had a big fight. Exploring and implementing some reforms in the park and appointing special personnel to manage all places will not only hand over some property, but also bring some benefits to managers.
Daiyu's maid, Zi Juan, tested Baoyu's sincerity to Daiyu, assuming that Daiyu would return to Gusu, but Baoyu believed it and was insane. As a result, Daiyu understood Baoyu's psychology better, and everyone thought they would get married happily. Daiyu wanted to recognize Aunt Xue as a godmother, and they reached the most harmonious period.
Guo Rong Mansion is full of contradictions. Jia Huan met rosacea at Baoyu's place and asked for some. Baoyu's maid Fang Guan gave Jia Huan some jasmine powder. Aunt Zhao went to Baoyu to make a scene. Fang Guan also gave her foster mother some rose dew to lure her nephew to steal poria cream. Several things made a mess, almost breaking the balance between servants. Baoyu was celebrating his birthday when Jia Jing Tundan died. Your country has a busy funeral. Please ask my mother and sister You Erjie and You Sanjie for help. Jia Lian sees the second sister is beautiful, wants to be a mistress, and lives outside. Second sister and Jia Zhen are not innocent, Jia Zhen wants to make waves, and Jia Lian wants to play with Third Sister for Jia Zhen's sake. You Sanjie was awed and cursed Jane and Lian. She already has a lover, that is, Liu Xianglian who defeated Xue Pan. Jia She told Jia Lian to go out on business, and also told Jia Lian, Lu Yu and Xue Pan to go out on business. Xue Pan met a robber and was saved by Liu. They became brothers, Jia Lian was Liu's matchmaker, and Liu agreed. After arriving in Beijing, Liu Xian gave Third Sister's mother a dowry. Baoyu became suspicious while chatting with you. He went to ask for a gift to end his marriage. You Sanjie committed suicide and Liu became a monk. Xifeng knew that Jia Lian had stolen the marriage and pretended to be virtuous. Take second sister into the house. Please ask Jia Mu and others to agree. Jia Lian came back and gave him a concubine. Xifeng used my aunt's hand to force Second Sister You to swallow gold and commit suicide. The maid silly elder sister carried it to a sachet embroidered with erotic palace pictures in the garden, and Mrs. Wang was furious. Egged on by some maids, Chaojian Grand View Garden was timid and allowed to be driven away. Tanchun was angry and took it out on the servant girl; At this time, Xichun broke off contact with her brother and sister-in-law. Qingwen was driven out by Mrs. Wang and died with regret; Jia Baoyu was helpless and wrote Lotus as a sacrifice to her. After Xue Pan married his wife Xia Jingui, she greedily married Baochan, a servant girl, and Jingui agreed to get rid of Xiangling. Inspired by summer. Xue gave Xiangling a good beating, but Aunt Xue wouldn't let her. Xia and her mother-in-law quarreled. Xue Pan can't be at home. Had to go out.
Baoyu was old, and Jia Zheng forced him to go to school and get married during the Spring Festival. Baochai was entangled in family affairs, and the Grand View Garden became deserted. Daiyu thought that there was no one to ask for in life, and she was haunted by nightmares and seriously ill. Xi-feng flattered the old lady and offered to marry Baochai to Baoyu. Baoyu saw Qingwen bird golden hair and missed the dead. Daiyu was too ill to eat when the maid told her about Baoyu's marriage. Later, I heard that the discussion failed and I got well.
Xue Pan was drinking outside, killed the bartender and went to prison. Jingui and Baochan tried to seduce Xue Pan's cousin, but otherwise they were quiet. /kloc-Begonia blooms in October, and everyone thinks it is a happy event, so buy wine to celebrate. At night, Baoyu's psychic jade disappeared and people became demented. It never rains but it pours. Yuan Chun died at this time. . The grandmother decided to marry Baochai for Baoyu, fearing that Baoyu would not agree, and told him to marry Daiyu, keeping it from Daiyu. Daiyu learned the truth from the silly elder sister, lost her dream, lost her authenticity and burned the manuscript; When Baoyu got married, she died alone. On the night of the bridal chamber, Baoyu was frightened when he saw Baochai, and people were even more confused, so sad that he almost died.
After Tanchun's long marriage, the Grand View Garden became even more desolate. Xifeng was cursed by heaven on a moonlit night, and you were seriously ill. Everyone moved out of the garden and asked Taoist priests to exorcise demons in the garden. Xue Pan's case is going to be severely punished, and Xia Jingui makes a scene because Xiangling caught her flirting with Xue Pan. She tried to poison Xiangling, but she died by mistake.
The actions of Rong Ning Palace annoyed the emperor. Finally, I was robbed; Ge went to Erzhai, and Jia She and Jia Zhen were arrested. Because of this sudden disaster, Xifeng was very ill. Thanks to the help of powerful people, Fu Rong's official position was restored and succeeded by Jia Zheng. Just after Xue Baochai's first birthday after marriage, she held a banquet to celebrate, but the dinner was gloomy. Soon, Jia died of illness; Yuanyang committed suicide for fear of revenge. Xifeng couldn't preside over the funeral, and everyone resented it. She couldn't hold on. She died. A group of robbers robbed Guo Rong Building, and Miaoyu was raped and robbed. Xichun sees through the world of mortals and became a monk at an early age.
Baoyu once again fell asleep and saw Yuanyang, You Sanjie, Qin Keqing and other unlucky women and Daiyu. After waking up, he was even more disheartened. The lame monk sent back the psychic jade to Baoyu to abandon the dust. Baoyu finally became a monk during the exam; Although he won the prize, Baochai was pregnant and he left him alone.
Jia Yucun was dismissed for breaking the law and met Zhenzhen, who had become an immortal, at Juefan Ferry. Zhen Yinshi analyzed and explained all this to him, thus ending the novel.
Introduction to water margin
"Water Margin" tells the story of a mass uprising by Song Jiang and others during the Xuanhe period of the Northern Song Dynasty (119-121or so). There are many records in the history of Song Dynasty and the notes of Song people. Although inconsistent, they are all about strength. It has a far-reaching influence among the people. Gong, a native of the Southern Song Dynasty, said: "Song Jiang's business is in the street, and it's in the alley." There are also stories of Song Jiang and others in the storytelling. During the Song and Yuan Dynasties, storytelling and zaju were widely circulated, and some of them have been circulated to this day, such as storytelling "Legacy of the Great Song Dynasty" and zaju of the Yuan Dynasty. Shi Naian collected the stories of Water Margin, such as historical books, legends, storytelling and zaju since the Song and Yuan Dynasties. In the whole process of development and failure, the heroic epic and revolutionary tragedy of peasant uprising in feudal society were written with profound thoughts, extensive contents and outstanding art, which reflected that the deep exploitation and cruel oppression of declining feudal society intensified class contradictions, and the darkness and decay of reactionary rule caused the resistance struggle of the broad masses of the people.
Uprising is "top-down chaos". Rulers, from emperors and ministers to local corrupt officials, local tyrants and bullies and even jailers, spread all over the country, inside and outside the imperial court, forming a ruling network and openly doing evil. For example, in two years, Liang Zhongshu ransacked hundreds of thousands of wealth for her husband Cai Jing's birthday and paid bribes for business; Gao Qiu persecuted Wang Jin for revenge, harmed Lin Chong for Gao Yanei's occupation of his wife, and persecuted the people who didn't want to rebel, revealing that the real reason of the uprising was "the officials forced the people to rebel". The novel truly describes the development process of the uprising: from individual resistance to collective resistance, from decentralized struggle to organized struggle, from small to large. Lu, Lin Chong, et al. Everything started with personal struggle, just to escape the arrest of the government. Although there are many hills such as Liangshan, Erlong Mountain and Taohua Mountain, they are isolated from each other and cannot resist the escalating government's "suppression"; Classical,
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character introduction
Saburo: This comes from Song Jiang's handling of family relations. Song Jiang's handling of family relations is based on filial piety, especially for his father. I won't elaborate on the rest.
2. Timely Rain: It is mainly said that he helped others and gave generously, which was described 25 times in Water Margin, which showed Song Jiang's heroic nature to some extent.
3. Hu: Until today, we can't give a satisfactory explanation. According to textual research, it is related to an official name in the Song Dynasty. Most scholars believe that this nickname reflects Song Jiang's attitude towards the imperial court.
Song Jiang
Guan Sheng
Linchong
Yang zhi
_ _ _ More than 600 years of history has made Shi Naian a looming figure.
His life is gone, but the legend is enduring. In his pen, folklore became
Classic and eternal literature. More than a hundred years ago, the Japanese even included Shi Naian.
One of the best in the world, along with Washington and Napoleon. ...
The Mystery of the Author of Water Margin
Judging from the inscription of Water Margin, the first edition can't be found in any existing edition. The edition with the second edition as the inscription mostly appeared in Jiajing and Wanli periods of Ming Dynasty, and two versions of the third edition appeared in Chongzhen period of late Ming Dynasty. Therefore, the third statement is later than the first statement and the second statement in terms of time. _ So, is it the first statement, the second statement is more reliable, and the third statement is the least reliable? Not necessarily. As far as the first statement is concerned, it may be the most unreliable. As we know, Luo Guanzhong is the author of The Romance of Three Kingdoms. At this point, it does not exist. There is no need to use language at all. The former uses simple classical Chinese, while the latter uses popular vernacular. It is really hard to get people's approval to say that it was written by the same author. Although the second statement and the third statement appeared early and late, they have something in common. Shi Naian is the author or one of the authors, and they actually support each other. So from this perspective, both are reliable.
The dual significance of "forcing Liangshan"
The reality that officials in feudal society forced the people to rebel. As a historical development stage of human society, feudal society did create splendid feudal culture and civilization. However, there were many feudal social systems, and the government's ruling policy was anti-humanity, which led to a very dark and corrupt society in a certain period. Therefore, it is progressive for people to rise up against unreasonable society and should be praised. Historians have been studying peasant uprisings for years. It shows that the progressive role of peasant uprising in resisting feudal autocratic rule should be praised, but it also has great destructive effect on society. "Water Margin" describes the time at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the court was corrupt and incompetent, and the society was dark. It is inevitable that people will rise up and resist. The characters in Water Margin are different from ordinary robbers and bandits. In the earliest preface, they said that these characters robbed ill-gotten gains without harming others. Taking ill-gotten wealth does not harm good people, and it is chivalrous and has no evil of the mob. The hero in Water Margin is tenable, so it is a work to praise the hero's resistance to feudal rule.
Robinson Crusoe is Defoe's masterpiece, a literary masterpiece with a wide spread and great influence. Showing a strong bourgeois enterprising spirit and enlightenment consciousness. The author writes a fictional scene with vivid details, which makes people feel as if they are there, making the story have a strong sense of reality. Robinson, the hero of the novel, has also become a famous literary image in the history of European literature.
Gulliver's Travels describes the adventures of four countries: lilliputian country, adult country, flying island country and intelligent country from Gulliver's perspective.
Gulliver was shipwrecked and came to Lilliput. The residents here are only six inches tall and greedy, and the country has suffered from war. The author looks down on the absurdity and insignificance of human beings from the perspective of a giant and a condescending perspective.
Gulliver became curious, made a mistake and broke into the kingdom of Great Britain. The residents here are as tall as minarets, with excellent weapons and outstanding national prestige. The author looks up to the vulgarity and ruthlessness of human beings from the perspective of dwarfs.
Gulliver met pirates and visited the flying island country. The territory here is under control, and the cities and villages are decadent and barren. The author looks at the madness and evil nature of human beings with a normal heart.
Gulliver was betrayed and traveled all over the country. The rulers here are highly rational, and humanoid animals are evil and inferior. The author examines human nature from the perspective of rational animals.
Gulliver's Travels deeply satirizes the corruption of current politics, satirizes the stupidity of pedants with bizarre and even disgusting plots, and reflects on different aspects of human nature. It is an adventure story, a fantasy novel, a travel book, a political theory and an allegorical literature. It is a classic worth reading.
How Steel was Tempered is the masterpiece of ostrovsky, a famous Soviet writer, one of the most representative masterpieces in Soviet literature and one of the most wonderful works in world literature. The novel narrates the protagonist Paul? Kochakin's life has created an outstanding Bolshevik image for us, which is endless and struggles. After the novel was published, it aroused great repercussions, and the protagonist Paul became an example for young people in the Soviet Union and China to learn, inspiring people to forge ahead.
Ostrovsky (1904— 1936), a Soviet writer, was born in Roma county, alcester, Warren province. His parents are both workers. Because my family was poor, I only attended primary school for three years, so I was forced to earn my own living and worked as a canteen waiter, fireman's assistant and electrician. Only after the victory of the October Revolution did he join the Volunteers. 1920, demobilized due to injury. Soon after, he got typhoid fever and rheumatism in a fight with the flood, 1924 joined the party. Served as secretary of the Communist Youth League district committee and prefectural party committee secretary. 1927 Paralysis and blindness. He engaged in literary creation with amazing perseverance. 1933 wrote his first novel, How Steel was Tempered. 1935, won the Lenin medal. 1936, The Birth of the Storm (the first trilogy) was completed.