Recently, my daughter and I read the San Zi Jing together. My original intention was to read some classic books of China when my children were young. This is actually not reading classics, but a random parent-child reading with my daughter after dinner. But I always admire reading China's classic books. I think as a China person, I should read more classics, which is very beneficial to me. Maybe I also hope my daughter can become a knowledgeable person, not like her mother when she writes an article. There has been a debate about whether to read the classics, and there are also different opinions in the book What's the Use of Reading the Classics listed below. Reading classics? Waste classics? National spirit? The road to revival of feudal superstition? The road to national subjugation? The debate on reading classics is an important topic in China's modern ideological and cultural history. 1934, Education magazine wrote to academic experts, asking them for their views on the problem of students' reading classics, and collected more than 70 opinions from Cai Yuanpei, Tang, Gu Shi, Chen Lifu, Wang, Ren Hongjuan, Chen Wangdao, Weng, etc. , and then edited into a special issue in 1935. The special issue covers the representative opinions of various schools in education and culture at that time, involving whether schools at all levels should read classics, how to arrange courses, what classics to read, how to read classics, and the relationship between classics and China's history, national future, national character, children's body and mind, and so on. Most of them can be honest and calm. In addition to rearranging the layout, modifying the text and arranging the layout, this publication also adds the author's biography and some related reading materials, in order to provide reference for people from all walks of life who are currently in the "Sinology fever". Tang's opinion: reading classics should be advocated for a long time! Chinese classics can not only consolidate people's hearts, but also cultivate people's character, calm people's spirit and enlighten people's wisdom. If the former residence wants to save the country in this world, it is necessary to read classics. Mr. Yao Yongpu's view: the words and deeds of a group of sages, regardless of Confucius and Mencius, are refined from them, and they are refined and knowledgeable, which is the standard of everything. What my husband said is inherent in everyone, and it is natural and human. The beliefs of past dynasties have never dared to change, which is why it is good. Scholars don't want to save Chinese characters, but to save Chinese characters in order to arouse China's unique spirit. Reading classics is not important but great! Mr. Chen Chaojue's opinion: Therefore, what we are discussing today is not to read classics for nothing, but to resume reading classics without forgetting the roots. Reading classics is a compulsory course for schools at all levels, including universities, middle schools and primary schools. Opinions of four gentlemen: Gu Zhi, Zeng Yungan, Chen Dingzhong and Fang Xiaoyue: Experienced people are the soul of our country, so the nation is respected and civil rights are respected. As far as education is concerned, I am only afraid of national subjugation, so what can he say! Mr. Wang Jie's view: The kingdom of heaven and earth must be established, and its foundation is also spiritual. People who have been guided by the spirit of our ancestors for thousands of years are also respected, and those who violate them are weak and chaotic. To save dying China, we should start from reviving Confucian Classics, and to carry forward the great true spirit of the country, we should start from praising Confucian Classics. Teacher He Jian's opinion: I advocate learning classics at school, and it is more appropriate to learn them from primary school. In my opinion, I firmly claim that it has advantages and disadvantages. ..... the kingdom of heaven and earth will stand. What's the matter with those people standing? The national spirit has its great end! ..... China culture caused by the Six Classics has a long history and deep roots. We believe that the inherent culture of Changming is the urgent requirement of the times, and reading classics is the only way! Mr. Yang Shouchang's opinion: Alas! Today's national disaster is urgent! People's morality has fallen! The new lost the new, the old lost the old, and the emperor stood in the wrong team and didn't know where to go. All flesh and blood people respect Confucius' theory in order to remind our people that they have lost their souls. Who will expect it? Who will you look at? Mr. Qin Yi's view: In the past 20 years, the school abolished reading classics, and ordinary students lost the focus of education and were influenced by various complex theories. Only Dr. Sun Yat-sen has long seen clearly and understood the shortcomings, so he is determined to restore the inherent morality and intelligence in the policy of restoring the national sports system. The source of inherent morality and wisdom lies in classics, and the only way to restore inherent morality and knowledge is to read classics. Mr. Tong Xiangqun's opinion: Literally, I don't agree with the word "reading classics" and only use the word "classics training", because the functionality can only be found in "classics training". Mr. Qian Jibo's view: The way to build a country, especially its great classics and laws, can never be achieved by copying the cultural relics of other countries. The habits accumulated by the whole country for thousands of years have the deepest relationship with those who can dominate the national psychology for thousands of years. Those who have dominated the national psychology for thousands of years to maintain the world have to push the four books and five classics. Mr. Gu's view: the problem of reading classics at school is not a problem at all. However, it has actually become a problem. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. Is it inappropriate to see so many countries? Mr. Zheng's opinion: to save the country, we must save the country from all academic aspects. Confucian classics is also a kind of knowledge, so it is very necessary for some scholars to shoulder this heavy responsibility so as not to burn out their salaries. Therefore, in my practice, I intend to set up a refresher course or specialized course in the university where the Institute of Chinese Studies has been established to train future standard classics masters. Only in this way can we improve the status of Confucian classics in China. Mr. Jiang's opinion: I advocate reading classics, especially in primary schools, not seeking the universal training of classics, but the beginning of self-cultivation As for middle schools and universities, you may wish to study freely. Mr. Li Zheng's view: in middle school, you can't read all the classics, you should take the essence and discard the dross. When I was in primary school, I could only adapt the classic Chinese words and deeds into a literary style. I thought it was a textbook, so I didn't have to read the original text. Mr. Ren Hongjuan's opinion: I don't know what the real purpose is to advocate reading classics. First, can reading classics replace word training? The answer is of course "no". Secondly, if we want to ask whether reading the Bible can succeed in the retro movement, our answer is "no". If you want to do retro sports by reading classics, it is equivalent to daydreaming, and the result will be a failure. Mr. Chen Lifu's view: Chinese and Western cultures have made extraordinary progress in different ways because westerners first discovered the center of gravity and material strength, while China people first discovered the center of gravity (middle) and spiritual strength (sincerity). If this view is correct, Jing is still the most valuable book even in modern times. Mr. Zheng's view: reading classics has become a problem, not in junior college but in primary and secondary schools. Confucian classics are not unreadable, especially for primary and secondary school students. Reading classics should be simple and practical. Mr. Junyi Zhu's point of view: Whether we should study classics in school today is really worth discussing. First, difficult books are not necessarily useless books. Second, there is no distinction between ancient and modern thoughts, only right and wrong. Third, there is a difference between learning and using. In order to apply what we have learned, we should demand the accuracy of its reasoning, and in order to apply what we have learned, we might as well demand the universality of its meaning. Classics are the study of the body. Mr. Cai Yuanpei's opinion: it is acceptable to tell Chinese students a little about the Book of Songs, history students a little about the Book of Songs and the Spring and Autumn Annals, and philosophy students a little about the Analects of Confucius, Mencius, Yi Zhuan and the Book of Rites. It is also acceptable to choose a few classics for middle school students and compile them into classical Chinese readers. I think it is inappropriate for primary school students to read some classics. I think it is useless and harmful. Mr. Li Shuhua's opinion: I think that in present China, we should try our best to popularize scientific knowledge, advocate scientific research and popularize scientific application. This kind of problem is indeed a top priority at present. As for the first level of bible study, or the second important issue, it seems unnecessary to discuss it any more. Mr. Hu Pu 'an's view: Reading classics and respecting Confucius cannot be the same thing, nor can reading classics be regarded as respecting Confucius. So we respect Confucius, respect Confucius' personality, not Confucius' thoughts; In other words, it also respects Confucius' thought of keeping pace with the times. Most of the books edited by Confucius in 2000 are not suitable because of the influence of the times. Mr. Wang's opinion: Except for experts, you don't need to read the Five Classics, and you should at least delete the five categories of poetry, calligraphy, Yi, Li and Spring and Autumn, and you might as well read the rest. Students above technical secondary school don't need to read it as a textbook, but only as a reference book. Is to read it as a reference book. The purpose of reading classics should be to "review the past and learn new things", and we should not prepare to enrich the lives of modern people with the whole ancient relics. Mr. He Qingru's opinion: Confucian classics are not for primary school students. Middle school students may understand it well, but it is very uneconomical and inappropriate to read all the classics word for word. College students can be said to be the most suitable crowd for reading classics. ..... Don't read the scriptures, because of the degree and ability, and it's not a question of forgetting one's roots. As for whether it has anything to do with saving the country and rejuvenating the country, I don't see much. Mr. Yang's view on: I think the first thing is how to read the Bible. It is too extravagant to think that reading classics can save the country and correct people's hearts. It is too much to think that you will fall into hell after reading it. ..... If you admit that you want to read classics, you can only regard it as a kind of reading, and you can't have a serious concept first, especially the name of reading classics. If we study classics for the sake of "classics", then it is not good to study classics. As a result, not only can we not create more people to save the country, but we may also lose more people to our country. Mr. Chen Heqin's view: Confucian classics, with profound meanings, have existed since ancient times. In order to teach primary school students to appreciate the essence of Confucian classics, the first step is to choose and reform the text and compilation of Confucian classics. Mr. Li Quanshi's opinion: I advocate reading classics as a compulsory course in middle schools and universities because it has literary value; Reading classics has moral value; Reading classics has the value of remembering the past and loving the nation. Mr. Miao's opinion: It may be more appropriate for the author to advocate politicians rather than primary school students to study classics. Mr. Liu's opinion: To sum up, I am in favor of reading classics, but at the same time I am opposed to others advocating reading classics. People who have the ability to read classics and like to read classics have the right to read classics anytime and anywhere, but they don't have to waste their obligations to promote them. Reading classics is reading classics. The problem is simple. Mr. Wu Ziqiang's opinion: I don't totally oppose or totally agree with the use of Bible reading in school education. I am against reading the Bible in primary school, but I am in favor of reading it after middle school. Teacher Cui Zaiyang's opinion: Although the Confucian classics have profound literal meaning, or have lost their modernity, their words are shallow and pure, which is suitable for modern middle school students to learn. Choosing some to read is not necessarily worse than reading the textbooks we made today. Mr. Zheng Xigu's view: Reading the classics is not meaningless, but the words in the classics cannot really be regarded as "nature" that cannot be changed. I think that in modern reading, we should re-evaluate the value of classics from a modern perspective, and only valuable ones can teach people to read. The purpose of reading classics is to understand ancient culture from classics. Mr Huang Yi's opinion: I think we should refuse to read the Bible in a religious manner. Reading classics as a method of moral education should also be opposed. But I agree that people with higher education should read some ancient books about classics and history. ..... The history of reading classics must be quite mature, so it is definitely not suitable for low-level schools. Teacher Zhang Yi's opinion: You must be mature enough to read classics above high school before you can read them carefully, read them critically and selectively, and pay equal attention to classics at the same time. Mr. Fan's view: Confucianism is a major school of ancient philosophy in China, and people who study China's philosophy are certainly worth studying. Besides, people who like reading classics are of course free to read. However, if the problem of reading classics is interpreted as "reading classics must be offered in primary and secondary schools", then I personally have to express my opposition. Mr. Xie Xunchu's view: the problem of reading classics lies not in the classics themselves, but in who the readers are and what their purpose is. As for the theory of advocating the restoration of reading classics in primary schools, it is as ridiculous as the theory of advocating the restoration of mud trucks because of the derailment of trains, and it is not worth arguing. Mr. Chen Zhongfan's opinion: You must have considerable tool knowledge before reading classics, and you can't do it without considerable cultivation. As for whether young people generally have this kind of kung fu, I dare not know, but now some people advocate that all primary and secondary school students should read classics. What is this intention, even beyond my comprehension. Mr. Zhao Tingwei's opinion: If we abandon prejudice and solve the problem of classic reading calmly, we should adopt two standards: "social needs" and "psychological needs" to evaluate it. According to my assessment, The Classic can only be studied and appreciated by people who are interested in the so-called "national studies", and it is definitely not suitable for primary and secondary schools. Mr. Chen Lijiang's opinion: I have two views on reading classics: First, I oppose compulsory reading classics, especially for primary and secondary school students. Second, I think "Jing" is only ancient philosophy and literature. If you want to read, there must be another way to read, to read people, rather than forcing individuals to read. Mr Fang Tianyou's view: As a master of China's ancient culture, it is only natural that a scholar should be engaged in interpretation. However, if it is listed as a course in schools at all levels and is a compulsory course for the strong, it is absolutely necessary. Cover the scriptures for use, there are gains and losses, and there are no advantages and disadvantages. Mr. Zhu Bingguo's opinion: In my opinion, the reasons given by those who advocate reading classics are unreasonable. ..... Teaching primary and secondary school students to read classics will hinder teenagers' ideological development in vain, and may also reduce teenagers' interest in science. Reading classics can only be taught to a few people, such as students in the China Literature Department of a university, or other people who specialize in studying Chinese studies and sorting out national heritage. They can never teach all primary and secondary school students to read. Mr. Chen Zhuzun's view: In recent twenty years, Chinese schools have neither read classics nor paid attention to moral education. Therefore, everything that talks about benevolence, righteousness and morality is aimed at corruption. Gradually dyed for a long time, then people want to cross-flow, flooding and hopeless. The people are lazy and extravagant, the country is poor and extravagant, and they are anxious for internal troubles and foreign invasion. What can it get? Therefore, from now on, schools will choose classic works of appropriate level and teach them for one or two hours a week, which seems to be urgent. Mr. Chen's view: The author believes that we can read classics with the attitude of a historian, proceed from practical problems and understand modern concepts and scientific methods. Mr. Fu Donghua's opinion: After reading the classic Chen Fang for more than two thousand years, I still want to eat it, thinking that it will have unexpected effects. That is beyond the word "superstition" and no other adjectives can be found! ..... No matter from the literary or historical point of view, classics should be regarded as a set of classics, not the Bible. ..... Classics should never be read by everyone, especially primary and secondary school students. Mr. Du Zuozhou's point of view: the standard of morality changes with the times. What was considered moral in ancient times may not be considered moral today. If we ignore the trend of the times, pay attention to the actual needs, use the Four Books and Five Classics as primary and secondary school textbooks, and force students to study, students will be "confused" and will not get any benefits at all; In other words, the teacher himself is afraid that it is difficult to explain and cannot justify himself. Mr. Gao Juefu's view: Confucian classics is not without research value, but this kind of research is the work of a few specialized scholars. I am totally opposed to advocating that ordinary young people can spend their precious time reading classics. Mr. Jiang Qi's opinion: In principle, I am absolutely against reading classics in school-against reading the original four books and six classics in school. However, in the teaching materials of Chinese, citizenship and history, I also advocate that we can learn from some easy-to-understand, enlightening and unfashionable materials in the Four Books and Six Classics. Mr. Tang's opinion: We should know that in this 20th century, China must be modernized to adapt to the modern environment. There is no denying that many words in the classics are not suitable for modern times. Gou Tebiao's aim of reading classics is applied to the curriculum of schools at all levels. As a result, fewer children and young people will benefit from moral cultivation, and more people will be divorced from modern thinking. The so-called benefits are endless. Mr. Gao Jiansi's opinion: When discussing the problem of reading classics, we should first ask the scope of the word "reading classics". If the scope is not narrow (limited to reading classics at school as one of childhood lessons), but broad (including childhood, youth, adulthood, reading or not reading), I am very much in favor of reading classics. Mr. Jiang's point of view: an era has a belief in an era, and an era has a life of an era. This is the spirit of the times and is naturally formed. We must never change it reluctantly, and we will never let this advanced era go backwards for many years and return to its original appearance. ..... don't read the scriptures, that's a natural trend. I don't think it is necessary for students to read the Bible as before. Mr. Liu's point of view: the classic meaning lies in ethics and rationality. Morality is good, but things are clear. "Practical teaching" does not emphasize words, but education and edification; Zoroastrianism comes from experience and reading, and being able to read is also the key to understanding. ..... advocate reading classics, and adults will also read them. Mr. Wu's view: classics are not a question of reading or not. There are only the following questions: (1) What is the effect of moral education in reading classics? (2) Should pupils who don't need and can't read classics be forced to do so? (3) Should ordinary middle school students who need and have been able to read classics be told to "read the whole text" indiscriminately? (4) What attitude should students with higher literary level in China, such as the College of Liberal Arts, take when they start reading famous works? Mr. Ni Chenyin's opinion: You can read, but not everyone can. ..... The so-called classics can be read as literature for those who study literature, especially those who are interested in studying ancient literature. Otherwise, people who study the history of thought should read it as the history of political thought, economic thought and ethical thought. Not everyone needs to read, that is, most people don't need to read. Mr. Chen Wangdao's view: Confucian classics are historical materials of ancient social culture, with complicated contents and sloppy compilation. No matter academically or educationally, it is not suitable for ordinary people to read, but only for experts to study. Mr. Xie's opinion: "Quiet" is a part of China's inherent culture and the achievement of the ancients, and we can't underestimate it. However, if you don't read the classics properly, it will damage its value. Mr. Sun's opinion: I am not absolutely opposed to reading classics, but to the movement of reading classics. Reading classics has nothing to do with morality; Reading classics has nothing to do with saving the country. Mr. Zhi Xin's opinion: There is no need to respect the analysis of the so-called thirteen classics, and it can only be used as materials for special study in various subjects. Moreover, it is useless for modern students to read this set, and time is not allowed. ..... We don't need to advocate reading the whole classic. Just take out the materials about self-cultivation in the Analects of Confucius and Mencius and put them in the civic class. Mr. Jiang asked Mr. Yu's opinion: At a time when China is suffering from internal troubles and foreign invasion and oppression, the broad masses of people are distressed and worried about the future of the nation. They are some intellectuals in the education field, and suddenly there is a problem of "reading classics", which is actually "flooding". It's really puzzling. Mr. Zhou Xianwen's opinion: I think there are neither absolutely good books nor absolutely bad books in the world, so there are neither absolutely readable books nor absolutely unreadable books. The first is to see how to read. The second is to see what it needs. If the above two premises (that is, reasonable methods and urgent needs) have a "yes" answer, then the classics can be read and should be read, but I hope they will not be allowed to "save the country." Mr. Weng's opinion: This issue is irrelevant and definitely not worth discussing. Mr. Shang's point of view: In essence, education is to provide people with correct life requirements and cultivate them with the skills and strength to meet these correct life requirements. But in the colonies, education went the wrong way. ..... In the abnormal education caused by this contradiction, reading classics has become the center of all teaching. The main functions of Ye Jingjiao, Koran, Judaism and Confucianism are revived in the modern education system to divert the attention of ordinary colonial people and eliminate their own specific and correct demands. Mr. Wang's view: Seeing that the imperialists' magic hand will take our children out of the circle of life, our rulers and their literati will lead our children to the ancient feudal escape road. This is not a side issue of "teaching materials" or "teaching methods". We need to open our eyes and make up our minds to deal with it. Mr. Tao Xisheng's point of view: Those who advocate reading the Bible have a simple meaning. Classics are allowed to read, but they can't pass. I want you to feel scared, and you are not allowed to use academic observation. Learning classics freely will make your thoughts lively, and people with lively thoughts are disobedient. If you don't listen, this is not a good thing. Mr. Liu Nanxing's view: From the point of view of people over 40 years old, we all read the scriptures when we were young, and we all benefited from them to some extent, both in words and in standing. However, for our own benefit, we can't insist that our younger generation follow our old path. Mr. Lin's point of view: If China culture wants to have new vitality, it must take the road of innovation. Reading classics should adopt a melting and casting attitude. But I'm afraid primary and secondary school students can't do it! Mr. Wu Jia's view: On the one hand, it is unnecessary to publicly advocate reading classics, on the other hand, it is also unnecessary to publicly advocate abolishing classics. Because classics may be the essence of China's culture for thousands of years and the sustenance of national spirit. Needless to say, whether it is included in the civic training curriculum standards of the Ministry of Education. Mr. Zhou Yutong's opinion: Forgive my stupidity, but I really don't know why people who advocate "reading classics" now feel it is necessary. For academics? I don't object, and I agree. However, classics should not be understood at first sight, but should be studied objectively by a few people. For politics? I don't think smart authorities think so. For the national spirit? This is just a very general and wrong concept. ..... Gentlemen who advocate reading classics, wake up, the well-being of the nation and the physical and mental health of their children should not be sacrificed like this! Mr. Liu Yazi's opinion: It's 1935, and people in China are still advocating reading classics. Are you out of your mind? Mr. Zeng Zuozhong's view: reading classics must take into account four points: first, the ability of students; Second, students' interest; Third, the needs of students; Fourth, the needs of society. According to the principle of curriculum reform, there is really no reason to join the curriculum of primary and secondary schools. Mr. Julia's opinion: Don't read classics in primary and secondary schools. Classics are not allowed in universities, except for departments related to classics (such as China [Ancient] Literature Department and China History Department). In terms of teachers and ordinary people, he is not allowed to read classics except for his study of classics. The purpose of the people who read the Bible is to do all kinds of historical scientific research from the standpoint of social evolution, and the task is to find out the traces of our past evolution. Cultural rejuvenation and national rejuvenation have their own proper ways, which have nothing to do with reading classics. Teacher Zhu of China Literature Department of Chinese University of Wuchang: This is a serious problem, and it is not enough to get the truth. After inviting Mr. Zhu from China Literature Department of our school and the relevant committee members who study China literature to hold a forum, I hope to draw a conclusion, but there are different people who advocate reading classics, oppose reading classics and advocate learning from them. After several arguments, they failed to reach an agreement. ..... However, from the current situation of our country, it is urgent to establish a China-based culture and establish a concept of social center. ...