Gone with the times, Dong Zhuo's chaos, competing with each other, the three kingdoms separated, and the three kingdoms returned to Jin. On a broad background, a series of ups and downs and magnificent war scenes were staged, and more than 1000 characters were successfully portrayed. Among them, Cao Cao, Liu Bei, Sun Quan, Zhuge Liang, Zhou Yu, Guan Yu, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun were household names, and they did not treat the historical descriptions of all parties in a narrative way, which had a far-reaching impact on future generations. The Romance of the Three Kingdoms embodies rich historical contents, and the names, places and major events are basically the same as those in the History of the Three Kingdoms. Personality is also based on the fixed image left by the History of the Three Kingdoms, and then play it again, exaggerating, beautifying, spoofing, uglifying and so on. In fact, this is the routine of historical romance novels. Historical romance novels are all based on reality and reality, and they pass through spoof; Taking into account the past and the present, satirizing the past and saying today; A story, a story about two dynasties, a character, has the characteristics of two dynasties. Romance of the Three Kingdoms gives full play to this artistic method. On the one hand, it reflects the true history of the Three Kingdoms as much as possible, and takes care of the needs of readers to understand the true history. On the other hand, there must be people who are similar to the characters in the Three Kingdoms in the Ming Dynasty, so try to conform to the actual situation in the Ming Dynasty. According to the actual situation of the Ming Dynasty, they exaggerated, beautified, spoofed and vilified the figures of the Three Kingdoms to some extent, giving readers some inspiration or guidance, and taking care of the needs of readers who want to increase their knowledge and rulers who want to consolidate their rule. From the creative routines of historical romance novels, we can know that the Romance of the Three Kingdoms not only reflects the true face of the history of the Three Kingdoms, but also reflects many social contents of the Ming Dynasty. The Three Kingdoms period is a completely different era from the Ming Dynasty. There were no brothels and casinos in the Three Kingdoms period. Both officials and people pursue Confucian culture, advocating benevolence, righteousness, Taoism, morality, courtesy, faithfulness, loyalty, filial piety, sincerity, truth, goodness and beauty. This is a very simple and typical China culture. In Song Dynasty, Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty, there were many brothels and casinos. Although Confucian culture is the official culture, Buddhist culture has great influence in the hearts of rulers and in all social strata. Foreign folk customs such as brothels and casinos have developed for a long time. What people actually pursue is a market culture with both Chinese and western cultural characteristics, such as arrogance, luxury, obscenity, falsehood, ugliness, evil, crime and seizure of power. The romantic style of Indian society and Buddhist literature also developed for a long time in the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties. Romantic literature such as legendary novels and historical novels has been greatly developed, and officialdom and battlefield have also become playgrounds. Romanticism is popular, and Yue Fei's unwarranted charges are typical. Compared with the Song, Yuan and Ming Dynasties, the Three Kingdoms period has great differences in ruling ideology, official atmosphere, social ecology and social conditions, and there is a strong contrast between ancient and modern times. It can give full play to the artistic features of historical romance novels, make the words more humorous, and make the characters more artistic and knowledgeable. The Three Kingdoms period is most suitable for historical romance novels, so The Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the first historical romance novel assembled into a book. Romance of the Three Kingdoms is the first historical novel and an example of "transforming" historical facts with romantic imagination. On the basis of the initial localization of Buddhist literature and art in Tang legends, Buddhist literature and art are further applied to the field of historical novels. Since then, scholars have followed suit. China's history of several thousand years, most of which has been written into various historical novels, has not surpassed the Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Edit this passage of the author's business card.
Luo Guanzhong, a novelist in the Ming Dynasty, was born in the late Yuan and early Ming Dynasties (about 1330—— about 1400). His name is Ben, from Taiyuan, Shanxi.
Qixian county, province; One said Qiantang (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) or Luling (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi) people. A famous novelist and dramatist at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, China was the originator of Zhang Hui's novels. Luo Guanzhong's life is rich in works, the main works are: the script Zhao Taizu's Dragon and Tiger Club, the serial exhortation of loyalty and filial piety, and Zhang Sanping's crying; The novels Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Romance of Tang and Five Dynasties, Biography of Three Sui Dynasties in Pingyao, Dressing Room and Romance of Sui and Tang Dynasties are said to be co-authored with Shi Naian's representative works, The Water Margin and Romance of Three Kingdoms. Luo Guanzhong was born in the feudal dynasty in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. As a drama critic associated with "advocating Excellence" and "prostitute art", he was regarded as an inferior person in Goulan Washe at that time, and it was impossible for the official history to write classics for him. The only thing I can see is a pamphlet "The Sequel to Ghost Records" compiled by Chao Jia, which reads: "Luo Guanzhong, a native of Taiyuan, is scattered in the lake and sea. Loneliness with others, Yuefu argot, extremely fresh. I forgot to be friends with Yu, and I suffered many losses, and I lived far apart. This is just the beginning of the resumed meeting. I haven't come for more than 60 years, but I don't know where it will end. "However, judging from Luo Guanzhong's masterpiece Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the depth of Luo Guanzhong's talent is reflected. He is proficient in military science, psychology, resourcefulness, public relations and talents ... Without superhuman wisdom, rich practice and persistent pursuit, how could he become such a generalist? He advocates national unity, loves the nation, carries forward the traditional virtues of the nation, and hates treachery and evil. In the Historical Romance of the Tang and Five Dynasties, we can see Luo Guanzhong's noble sentiments such as attachment to his homeland, memory of heroes, and care for the country and people. He is one of the few great writers in China14th century.
Writing process
Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Ming Dynasty)
Romance of the Three Kingdoms was very popular in ancient China. Song and Yuan dynasties came to the stage, and Jin and Yuan dynasties performed more than 30 kinds of Three Kingdoms operas. In the Yuan Dynasty, the Pinghua of the Three Kingdoms in the Township published by Yu's family in Xin 'an came out. At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, Luo Guanzhong synthesized folklore, drama and scripts, combined with historical materials such as the History of the Three Kingdoms by Chen Shou and Pei Songzhi's notes, and based on his personal understanding of social life, he created the well-known Romance of the Three Kingdoms. The earliest existing edition was published in Jiajing period of Ming Dynasty, commonly known as "Jiajing Edition", with a total of 24 volumes. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the Qing Dynasty, Mao Lun and Mao Zonggang and his son collated historical events, added or deleted words and added notes, and revised them into the current 120 Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Version evolution route: ① The earliest existing publication is 24 volumes and 240 articles of Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which were engraved in the Ming Jiajing Renwu Edition, with seven words and one sentence before each article. (2) Wanli new issue, all-round criticism of the reflection, 20 volumes, 240 volumes; (3) Wanli Wu Guanming's Criticism of the Three Kingdoms (240 volumes) was merged into 120 chapter, and the reply was changed from single sentence to even sentence; (4) During the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty, based on Li Zhuowu's comments, Mao Lun and Mao Zonggang made a comparison between Fuwen and Zhenti.
Characteristics of works
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes the history of nearly a hundred years from the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty to the beginning of the Western Jin Dynasty, reflecting the political and military struggles and the infiltration and transformation of various social contradictions during the Three Kingdoms period. In the attitude towards the Three Kingdoms, it is the mainstream tendency of the people to respect Liu and oppose Cao, but it also shows an obvious tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao. Taking Liu Bei Group as the center of description implies people's hope for the rejuvenation of the Han nationality and the orthodoxy of imperial power, although these old views are no longer suitable today. When Shi Mao and his son collated The Romance of the Three Kingdoms in the Qing Dynasty, they deleted the irony and Machamp's confusion in the version handed down from the Ming Dynasty. Lu Xun said in "Historical Changes of China's Novels": "Because things in the Three Kingdoms are not as chaotic as in the Five Dynasties; Not as simple as Chu Han; It is not simple or complicated, and it is suitable for writing novels. Moreover, the heroes of the Three Kingdoms era are very touching, so people like to use them as the base of novels. " The book also depicts nearly 200 characters, among which Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Liu Bei and others are the most successful. Zhuge Liang is the incarnation of the "saint" in the author's mind. He has the lofty spirit of "devoting all his efforts to death" and the ambition to help the people and rebuild a peaceful and prosperous world. The author endowed him with the peculiar ability to give orders and calculate skillfully. Cao Cao was portrayed as a traitor who "would rather teach me to be negative to the world than to teach the world to be negative to me". He is a political careerist and schemer, both clever and treacherous. Guan Yu is "brave and resolute" and "righteous as Mount Tai", but it is mainly based on personal grievances. Liu Bei was molded into a kind-hearted and caring person, a corporal with courtesy, righteousness and shame, and a typical benevolent gentleman who knows how to be kind and do his duty. In the war, there are various methods, and readers will often feel the bloody war scenes. Among them, the description of the Battle of Guandu and Battle of Red Cliffs is considered to be ups and downs, ups and downs, which makes people soul-stirring, and describes the plot that is not in the history books in great detail. However, in the first 33 chapters, it was 24 years from Taoyuan to Cao Cao's unification of the north, and in chapter 7 1, it was 27 years from Liu Bei's visit to the cottage to Zhuge Liang's death in Wuzhangyuan. In the next 46 years, it only took 15 and a half chapters to end. Due to the spread and influence of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms among the people, it is unique in China's ancient historical novels, which makes ordinary people, even some experts and scholars, lack correct common sense about the general situation, events and characters from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the Three Kingdoms period, that is, the historical period described in the novel. To some extent, the content of the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms has occupied a real historical position in the minds of Chinese people. This phenomenon has recently occurred. People have been arguing about this phenomenon. Extraordinary narrative ability, panoramic war description, artistic typical characterization and simple classical Chinese constitute the main features of The Romance of the Three Kingdoms.
Character statistics
In the teaching and research of The Romance of Three Kingdoms, there is a habitual mistake: saying that the Romance "has written more than 400 words". Most of the authoritative literature history and novel history published since the founding of the People's Republic of China are described in this way; Until recently, some literary history, novel history and dictionaries still followed this theory. Sending the wrong message is inseparable. Boiling wine on heroes
The so-called "Romance of the Three Kingdoms has written more than 400 words" actually originated from the History of the Three Kingdoms, the first of Jiajing's popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms. But there are a series of mistakes here: First, there are 508 people listed in The History of the Three Kingdoms. In the past, scholars did not make careful statistics, but only estimated and put forward the theory of "more than 400 people", which was inaccurate even for Zong Liao in the History of the Three Kingdoms. Second, and more importantly, The History of the Three Kingdoms was copied from Chen Shou's Catalogue of the History of the Three Kingdoms (including official history, biographies and attached biographies), and some of its characters, such as Chen Zuo and Chang Bo of Shu Han, Yuan Huan, Liang Mao, He Kui and Xing of Cao Wei. Third, and equally important, many characters in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms are not listed in The History of the Three Kingdoms, such as Chen Shi, Deng Liang, Fan Jian, Guan Fei, Gao Xiang and Hu Ji in Shu, Chen Tai, Deng Dun, Ding Fei, Dong Xun, Zhao Hao, Jia Huan, Jiang Gan and Soochow in Cao Wei. As for many fictional characters in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is certainly impossible to be included in The History of the Three Kingdoms. It can be seen that the so-called "Romance of the Three Kingdoms has written more than 400 words" is the product of carelessness and is completely wrong. So, how many characters did The Romance of the Three Kingdoms write? The Dictionary of Romance of the Three Kingdoms (published by Bashu Bookstore) has a total of 1258 entries. Excluding 28 cross-references (such as "A Dou", "Hou Zhu" and "Qian Zhu"), there are 1230 characters actually introduced in the romance. Most of these characters have famous surnames, totaling about 1000 people; Very few people without names also have clear kinship with other characters. So the correct statement is: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms has written 1798 people, including about 1200 people with a famous surname. It is indeed a masterpiece with the most characters in ancient novels. In The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, there are celebrities with surnames11person, including 436 military commanders, 45 civil servants1person, descendants of the royal families of Han, Three Kingdoms and Jin Dynasty, queens and eunuchs 128 people, and others/kloc-. Some critics believe that the lack of art in this work is the lack of development and change of characters, and some characters exaggerate too much, which leads to distortion.
Liubei
Liu Bei (16 1-223), namely Emperor Zhaolie of Shu Han, a native of Zhuoxian County (now Zhuozhou, Hebei Province), a descendant of Liu Sheng, a mountain king of Hanzhong, was the founding emperor and politician of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. He works in 22 1-223. Emperor Zhaolie of posthumous title, the ancestor of the temple, was also called the late master by historians. Liu Bei is a commoner in Zhuo Jun. In 184, the yellow turban insurrectionary uprising, Liu Yu recruited a large number of soldiers. Liu Bei saw the art of war and read it as a descendant of the Han Dynasty, but he was unable to save the Han Dynasty, so he had to lament. At this time, I met Zhang Fei, and they hit it off. They went to the pub to talk, met Guan Yu, and became sworn brothers in Taoyuan to discuss the Yellow Scarf Uprising. In 220, Cao Pi usurped the Han Dynasty to establish Wei State, and Liu Bei immediately established Shu State. In the same year, he avenged his brother Sun Quan's crusade and was defeated by Lu Xun. He died in Baidicheng in 223. Cao Cao Cao (155-220) was born in Mengde, small print Ayin, Geely, Han nationality, Guo Peiqiao County (now Bozhou, Anhui Province). China was a famous strategist, politician and poet in the late Eastern Han Dynasty. He was the founder and main founder of Wei in the Three Kingdoms period, and later Wang Wei. Cao Cao is a descendant of Liu Chen's two families, Cao Shi and Xiahou. 19 1 year, Cao Cao
The assassination of Dong Zhuo failed and he fled to Zhongmou to meet Chen Gong. Chen Gong was willing to give him a helping hand, so the two set out in Chenliu to gather their brothers. Cao Cao unified all parts of the Central Plains one after another. In 200, Yuan Shao was defeated in the battle of Guandu, and the Northern Expedition broke through Hebei and unified the north. 2 1 1 year, defeated Ma Chao and won the northwest. In 220, Cao Cao died in Luoyang and spread to Cao Pi. Cao Pi usurped the Han throne, established the State of Wei and respected his father Cao Caowei. Sun sun quan quan
[1] Sun Quan (182-252), Wudong Dadi, Fuchun (now Fuyang, Zhejiang), Han nationality. Wu, the founding emperor of the Three Kingdoms period, reigned from 229 to 252. Sun Quan is the 22nd generation descendant of China strategist Sun Wu and the second son of Changsha satrap Sun Jian. Sun Quan and his eldest brother, Sun Ce, the marquis of Wu, settled Jiangdong, and Sun Ce died young in 200. Sun Quan succeeded to the throne as the Lord of Jiangdong. 20 1 year, Sun Quan captured Jian 'an City and unified Yangzhou. In 2008, Sun Quan and Liu Bei joined forces with Sun Liu to fight Cao Cao in Chibi. Zhou Yu defeated Cao Cao with a fire meter, and was a famous Battle of Red Cliffs in history. In 230 AD, Sun Quan sent Wei Wen, a minister, to Yizhou to develop today's Taiwan Province Province. Guan Guanyu (162-220) Guan Yu (? -220) This word is immortal, later changed to Yunchang, and was born in Xie Liang, Hedong (now Yuncheng, Shanxi). The famous soldier in the late Eastern Han Dynasty has been following Liu Bei since he assembled his troops in the village. He is one of the most trusted generals of Liu Bei. After Guan Yu's death, his image was gradually deified by later generations, and he was always the object of folk sacrifice, and was honored as "Guan Gong". Praised and sealed by the court. In the Qing Dynasty, it was regarded as "the spirit of loyalty and righteousness in SHEN WOO, showing great sage in benevolence, righteousness and bravery" and was honored as "warrior sage", just like Confucius in Wen Sheng. Guan Yu's deeds are also described in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, in which Guan Yu is described as the first of the "Five Tiger Generals" and Mao Zonggang called it "one of the three wonders of Romance". Zhang Fei
[2] Zhang Fei (167-22 1), with a word of virtue (the word of virtue in Romance of the Three Kingdoms and National Records of Huayang), a Han nationality, was an important general of Shu and Han in the Three Kingdoms period. Official to ride a general, seal the marquis of Xixiang. Zhang Fei is the younger brother of Liu Bei and Guan Yu. In 200 AD, Zhang Fei was separated from his two brothers and went to the ancient city near Runan, where he tied the county magistrate and made his own county magistrate. Guan Yu came to vote, Zhang Fei thought Guan Yu was treacherous, took refuge in Cao Cao, drew his sword and left. Guan Yu killed Cao to show his loyalty, and Zhang Fei fell to the ground and cried and apologized to his second brother. When Liu Bei entered Sichuan, Zhang Fei also showed his wisdom many times. He went to Los Angeles with a plan, released Yan Yan, outwitted Wakouguan, and retired Zhang He after getting drunk. In 22 1 year, Zhang Fei was anxious to avenge his brother. He was drunk and whipped soldiers every day and was killed by his subordinates. Zhouyu
[3] Zhou Yu (175-2 10), a native of Shu County, Lujiang, Han nationality. At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wu Dong was a famous general and was called "Zhou Lang" because of his handsome appearance. Zhou Yu is proficient in military affairs and has an extraordinary temperament. Jiangdong has always had the saying that "if Song is wrong, it must be managed". In 208 AD, under the command of Zhou Yu, the combined forces of Sun and Liu defeated Cao Cao's army in Chibi with fire attack, which also laid the foundation for three-thirds of the world. In 2 10, Zhou Yu died of illness at the age of 36. Zhuge Liang Zhuge Liang
[4] Zhuge Liang (also known as Zhu Gekongming) (181July 23-August 28, 234), the word, Wolong (also known as), Han nationality, Langya (now yinan county, Linyi City, Shandong Province), prime minister of Shu and Han, an outstanding politician and strategist in the Three Kingdoms period. When he was alive, he was named Wuxiang Hou, and he was called Zhong Wuhou. Later, in order to admire Zhuge Liang's military talents, the Eastern Jin regime named him King Wuxing. The representative works include Front Model, Back Model and Book of Commandments. Invented wooden ox and flowing horse, Kongming lantern and so on. Zhuge Liang was highly respected in later generations. There is a temple of marquis of Wu in Chengdu, and the great poet Du Fu praised Zhuge Liang's masterpiece "Book of Letters", which was handed down from generation to generation.
Editing this artistic achievement.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms is not only an earlier historical novel, but also represents the highest achievement of ancient historical novels. The novel adopts simple classical Chinese, which is vivid and fluent, and appeals to both refined and popular tastes; Brush strokes are full of changes, contrasts, redundancies, twists and turns, and swaying. The structure is magnificent, and the events of about a hundred years and many characters with complicated clues are organized completely and closely, and the narrative is orderly, echoing, interrelated, interlocking and advancing layer by layer. The artistic achievement of The Romance of Three Kingdoms is more important in the description of war and characterization. Novels are best at describing wars and can write the characteristics of each war. Pay attention to describing the application of different strategies and tactics under specific conditions, and guide the subjective initiative of combat, instead of spending the main pen and ink on the simple strength and martial arts contest. For example, the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Battle of Red Cliffs and the Battle of Yiling. The writing of each war also changes with the characteristics of the war. While writing about the war, other activities are also written as the prelude, aftermath or auxiliary means of the war, which makes the exciting and thrilling war seem relaxed and slow. Such as the cooperation between Battle of Red Cliffs's former grandson and Liu, the contradiction between Zhuge Liang and Zhou Yu, the temptation of Cao Cao, and the in-depth preparation of Sun Liu's allied forces to lure the enemy. In the aspect of characterization, the novel pays special attention to putting the characters in the sharp contradiction of real struggle and expressing their ideological character through their words and deeds or the surrounding environment. Such as Cao Cao's treachery, every move seems to hide intrigue; Zhang Fei is outspoken, with naive and reckless colors everywhere; Zhuge Liang has a well-thought-out plan, and he is always comfortable and leisurely in the face of things. The famous Guan Yu's Wen Jiu Chops Hua Xiong, Zhang Fei's Wei Zhen Tian Chang Ban Bridge, Zhao Yun's Riding Alone to Save the Young Master, and Zhuge Liang's Seven Rescue Meng Huo are even more widely circulated chapters. Although The Romance of the Three Kingdoms takes history as its theme, it is not a history book after all, but a literary work. Because of artistic processing, there are many fictions. The artistic achievements of the Romance of the Three Kingdoms are various: 1. It has successfully created many characters. There are 1798 people in the book, among which the main characters are typical artists with distinctive personalities and vivid images. All kinds of characters have their own commonalities; People of the same kind have their own personalities. When describing the characters, the author is good at grasping the basic characteristics, highlighting one aspect, exaggerating, and using the methods of comparison and contrast to make the characters vivid and vivid. This is a basic principle of the author's characterization. The best explanation for applying this principle in novels is what people have always called "three unique skills", that is, Cao Cao's "technique of treacherous men"-treacherous men; Guan Yu's "absolute righteousness"-"righteousness is as heavy as a mountain"; Kong Ming's "unique wisdom"-extraordinary wit. The methods of portraying characters in novels mainly include: putting characters in thrilling military and political struggles and shaping them in sharp and complicated contradictions and conflicts. For the main characters, their complex personalities are often expressed through a series of storylines and characters' language. 2. It is good at describing war. This book has written more than forty wars, showing thrilling war scenes. Among them, the Battle of Guandu, the Battle of Battle of Red Cliffs and the Battle of Yiling are the most prominent. For several key battles that determine the rise and fall of the Three Kingdoms, the author always focuses on describing and writing all aspects of the war, such as the strategies and tactics of both sides, the comparison of forces, and the transformation of status. , colorful, ever-changing, unique, fully embodies the complexity and diversity of war; It not only writes about the fierceness, tension and adventure of the war, but also does not seem miserable. Generally, they are in a high-spirited style, and some of them are calm, quiet and relaxed. Its structure is magnificent and exquisite. The time is as long as a hundred years, with hundreds of characters, complicated events and complicated clues. Description should not only conform to the basic facts, but also pay attention to the coherence of artistic plots. So it is very difficult to arrange the structure. However, the author can write methodically and clearly, and each chapter can be independent, and the book is a complete artistic whole. This is mainly due to the author's grand and rigorous conception. He organized the story of the whole book with Shu Han as the center and the contradiction and struggle of the three countries as the main line, which was both tortuous and coherent. There is a master and a slave, and the master and the slave work closely together. 4. The language is concise and fluent. This language seems to be semi-written today, but it was close to the vernacular at that time; Writing novels in this language is a pioneering work, which is an obvious progress compared with the rough and mixed language of some novels in the past.
Edit the character analysis in this paragraph.
There is also a big gap between the characters in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms and the real characters in the History of the Three Kingdoms. Here are a few characters to illustrate. Zhou Yu: Zhou Yu in history was "generous", modest and obedient, and "open and ambitious". Liu Bei called him "the plan of civil and military affairs, the English of ten thousand people." Sun Quan praised him as "the capital of Wang Zuo". However, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, Zhou Yu became the bottom figure of Zhuge Liang. Zhou Yu was written to raise Zhuge Liang. Therefore, Zhou Yu in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is narrow-minded and always inferior to Zhuge Liang in wisdom. Unlike Zhou Yu praised by Su Shi, he is a "romantic figure through the ages". In history, Zhou Yu was frank, and the theory of "three qi" was nonsense. As courtiers of Dongwu Han Shu Group, Zhou Yu and Zhuge Liang seldom meet each other. During the two years from the end of Battle of Red Cliffs to Zhou Yu's death, Zhuge Liang worked in Lingling area and never met Zhou Yu. As for Zhou Yu's death, Pang Tong, an old subordinate of Zhou Yu, sent condolences, not Zhuge Liang. Sun Quan is a man who used a straw boat to shoot arrows in history. It is a complete fabrication to describe Zhou Yu's jealousy of Zhuge Liang in The Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Zhou Yu borrowed an arrow in the story of the Three Kingdoms. Losing his wife and losing his soldiers: in history, Sun Quan wanted to marry his sister to Liu Bei, which was a simple political marriage. Zhou Yu is pure fabrication. Zhou Yu is the most powerful hawk in Dongwu. It was after listening to his persuasion that Sun Quan strengthened his determination to resist Cao, and Battle of Red Cliffs came into being. Battle of Red Cliffs: Zhuge Liang did not take part in directing Battle of Red Cliffs. Battle of Red Cliffs is the masterpiece of Zhou Yu and others. Narrow-minded Zhou Yu: Zhou Yu's "Three Souls" was invented by Luo Guanzhong to support others. Liu Bei rated Zhou Yu as "magnanimous", Cheng Pu rated Zhou Yu as "being friends with Gong Jin and not getting drunk", and Chen Shou rated Zhou Yu as "magnificent in personality". In addition, Hong Mai, Su Dongpo and other ancients also spoke highly of Zhou Yu's character. Sun Quan once mourned for his plain clothes. Zhou Yu was cheerful and generous, and won Wayne significantly. Be proficient in melody, even if you are drunk, you can hear melody errors. Cao Cao: In history, Cao Cao's character is very complicated. Chen Shou thinks that Cao Cao is "the first in the history of the Three Kingdoms". "The magic of application and transaction, Han Bai's unique strategy, and the official licensing materials have their own tools, and they are sentimental and don't forget the old evils." Cao Cao has been in charge of the army for more than 30 years, but he can't let go. He must be endowed when he climbs high. He is better at poetry, cursive script and Go. Live frugally and don't pay attention to clothes. Discuss with others, laughing and laughing. "Honor should be rewarded, generous daughter; Nothing can be done, nothing can be done. " He is a first-rate politician, strategist and writer in the history of China. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, these good aspects of Cao Cao's character and morality are ignored, while his cruel and treacherous side is exaggerated. Therefore, Luo Guanzhong's Cao Cao is a typical treacherous and suspicious figure. Zhuge Liang: Zhuge Liang's ability to govern the country and the army, his character of helping the world and loving the people, and his modesty and prudence set an example for various outstanding historical figures in later generations. The monarch, intellectuals and the people all praised him, praised him and loved him from different angles. It can be said that Zhuge Liang's great influence in history has surpassed his political and military practice in the history of the Three Kingdoms. Although The Romance of the Three Kingdoms highlights the positive aspects of Zhuge Liang's life, such as personality, morality and achievements, it is infinitely exaggerated, describing him as the embodiment of wisdom and the representative of loyalty, and deifying him into a superman image that is half man and half god. Lu Xun commented: "There are many wise men, and they are close to the devil." Therefore, Zhuge Liang in Romance of the Three Kingdoms is not a real historical figure, but a historical novel figure. Guan Yu: In history, Guan Yu was the tiger general of "ten thousand enemies". He was proud of himself, but didn't insult him. His grievances are obvious and he is famous for his loyalty, but he is "upright and proud". After Ma Chao surrendered to Liu Bei, he was named General of the Day. When Guan Yu was in charge of Jingzhou, he wrote a book with Zhuge Liang, "Ask who can compare with the super talent." Zhuge Liang wrote back that Ma Chao is a great man in the world, but he is not as good as Guan Yu's "peerless", and Guan Yu "keeps books to entertain himself as a guest." However, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, because he is a member of Liu Bei's camp and has the characteristics of loyalty, he is portrayed as the embodiment of benevolence and righteousness. He followed Liu Bei and did not avoid difficulties and obstacles. Xiapi was captured and surrendered to Cao Cao, but his heart was attached to Liu Bei. He just thought that Cao Cao was very kind to him, so before Cao Cao returned to Liu, he killed Yan Liang, the general of Yuan Shao, for Cao Cao, lifted the siege of the white horse, and even released Cao Cao by Huarong Road in the future. But what is written in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms is that Guan Yu met three times when Pi surrendered, and Cao Cao had a small banquet on the third day and a big banquet on the fifth day, but it was false. In short, in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the author described Guan Yu as a "righteous man", and his image was seriously distorted. Liu Bei: Chen Shou's evaluation of Liu Bei is: "Hongyi is generous, knows people and treats scholars, and is a hero in the style of Gao Zu." And Bai Di city, the whole country, all trust Zhuge Liang, have no other thoughts, are sincere to the monarch and his subjects, and are prosperous in ancient and modern times. If you have no right to do something, you can't catch Wei Wu. Because the cardinality is too narrow. However, he "persisted, and he would never do it." "In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, the author described Liu Bei as a representative of benevolence and the orthodox successor of the imperial power in the Han Dynasty. Therefore, he tried his best to describe Liu Bei's kind, generous and kind personality, which was extremely exaggerated. However, while highlighting his kindness, he fell into a failure side, giving people a feeling of kindness and righteousness. Liu Bei in TV plays is often Lacrimosa. Although crying and tears show Liu Bei's "benevolence", they give people the impression that Liu Bei's world is crying and distort Liu Bei's true image as a "hero". Lu Su: In history, Lu Su was "in the army, never leaving his book", "far-sighted" and "extremely insightful". When he first met Sun Quan, he put forward the founding policy: set foot in the east of the Yangtze River, reject Cao Cao in the north, wait for the destruction of Huang Zu, head for Liu Biao, who was accidentally discovered in the Yangtze River, and then build the so-called emperor for the world. This is similar to Zhuge Liang's longzhong pair. When Cao Cao's army went south to Jingzhou, Sun Quan's men all surrendered, but Lu Su advocated resisting Cao and advised Sun Quan to recall Zhou Yu to defend the business war. After Battle of Red Cliffs, he urged-Cao. In the history of Wu Dong, Lu Su was a real Zhuge Liang figure, and Sun Quan also admired him very much. The establishment and development of Wu was basically carried out in accordance with the political strategy and strategic policy put forward by Lu Su.