The Ming Dynasty is an era of great destruction, great creation, great destruction and ups and downs, so it is also an era of great transformation on the whole. Before the whole article begins, let me briefly introduce Zhang Hezhang, who was born in Jiajing four years (1525) and was born in Huguang Jiangling. In the 26th year of Jiajing (1547), Jinshi changed to Jishi Shu and was awarded the editing and editing of Hanlin, which was highly valued by Xu Jie generation. In the forty-first year of Jiajing (1562), Xu Jie, on behalf of Song Dynasty, entrusted Zhang to his heart, trusted him, drafted the testamentary edict, and led him to collude. In June of the 10th year of Wanli (1582), Zhang was 58 years old and died. After his death, the property belongs to him. The eldest son committed suicide and the second son exiled the army. There is a saying about Zhang: "Some people are dead, but he is still alive. There is no Zhang Juzheng in the world. " Twenty years before Wanli, it was a long story, but twenty years later, there was nothing wrong with the country, because there were Zhang in the first ten years and Zhang in the second ten years. The first place in Wanli was Zhang. During his ten years in power, politics was rectified, economy was restored, and the title of the first politician in Ming Dynasty was well deserved. I believe many people are familiar with Zhang's achievements, so there is no need to introduce him too much. But the one I introduced to you is multifaceted. Zhang is an honest man, which is absolutely impossible. Honest people can't sit in their own position, and they can't stand out from many officials. It's not very reliable to say that they are good people. After all, he has done many things that good people can't do. To be exact, he is a fierce man. However, this is also the result of years of experience. In the thirty-three years of Jiajing, Zhang had not understood the officialdom of the Ming Dynasty. At this time, he can be described as a "cynical youth". He doesn't like Yan Song and doesn't understand Xu Jie's practice. According to Zhang's personality, it is difficult to get involved. So he went home, but he didn't eat and died at home. It was during this time that earth-shaking changes took place in him. From prodigy to scholar, to juren, Jinshi and Hanlin, Zhang's life was relatively smooth, although he had some disappointments. He is not short of food and clothing, and he is also an official in school. It was not until he traveled all over the country and witnessed it with his own eyes that he understood this truth. For example, if a person has no land, he has no income. If he has no income, he will have no food. If he has no food, he will start selling his property. From furniture and houses to selling, he will peel the bark. When the bark is peeled off, he eats Guanyin soil. This was Daming at that time, and he planted a seed in Zhang's heart. He must do something for the country and the people. Understand the darkness and despair of this world, but never give up, and care for all unfortunate people with compassion. This is the real reason why great men become great men, and this is the noblest morality and emotion of human beings. That's why the first thing Zhang did when he carried out the political reform was called whipping. This name is very humble, but this matter is extremely important. In today's words, it has trans-generational significance. Prior to this, the state levied various taxes, and ordinary people would pay different things, such as grain, medicinal materials, various local products and so on. And this has caused the "middlemen" to charge the difference. The country has not benefited, and the people are complaining. Finally, Zhang decided to change this situation. He learned from local experience and introduced the method of flogging. There are many contents in a flogging law, but the most important thing is to issue unified regulations to change the national tax from material tax to monetary tax. To be clear, it means that we will not accept things in the future and change to collect money in a unified way. This is as much as we want. Simple and clear will greatly reduce this situation. The second thing is, in the first year of Wanli, I wrote a letter to Emperor Zhang. Of course, this is actually a letter to myself. In this letter to himself, he wrote the following sentence: "There are exams every month and records every year, so that the sound must be true and things can be instructed." "A famous policy was born in history, and its name is the first and last two words of this sentence-test. In today's words, it is attendance, and all records are made in one day. It is precisely because of Zhang's existence that the Ming Dynasty, which has been going downhill since then, began to climb again!