Xie Xide (19210319-20000304), female, born in Quanzhou, Fujian, is a Chinese physicist, an academician of China Academy of Sciences and Third World Academy of Sciences, and her husband is a famous biochemist Cao. Xie Xide 1946 graduated from the Department of Mathematical Physics of Xiamen University, 195 1 graduated from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1952 returned to China to teach at Fudan University, 1983- 1988 served as the president of Fudan University. He specializes in the theoretical research of surface physics and semiconductor physics, and has made many important achievements. He is one of the main advocates and organizers of scientific research in these fields. In 1990s, we mainly studied the phonon spectra of semiconductor surfaces and interfaces and short-period superlattices, and achieved important results. He is the author of 4 monographs such as Semiconductor Physics and Solid State Physics. Xie Xide is the first female university president in Chinese mainland after 1949. She seized the opportunity in the new period of reform and opening up, made great contributions to the development of Fudan University, and created a brilliant "Xie Su era" for Fudan together with former president Su.

life experience

1921March19 was born in Chihu Township, Hanjiang Town, Quanzhou City. That year, her father Xie was invited by his alma mater, yenching university, to study Islamic physics. While teaching, he is studying advanced physics and preparing to go abroad for further study. 1923 won the Rockefeller foundation scholarship to study in the United States, and his mother Guo studied at Xiamen University. When Xie Xide was 4 years old, his mother died of illness. At this time, his father was studying for a doctorate in physics at the University of Chicago, and young Xie Xide grew up under the meticulous care of his grandmother. 1926 Xie returned to China and applied to teach in the Physics Department of yenching university. When Xie Xide was 7 years old, his father married Zhang Shunying, a graduate of yenching university Mathematics Department. Her stepmother loves her very much, which greatly soothes her heart. 1 1 years old, he entered the middle school attached to the university, where he met his classmate Cao. Later, she transferred to Beiman Girls' Middle School, and the school motto of "Respecting Teachers and Emphasizing Taoism Orchestra" gave her a profound education. To this day, I often miss those teachers who were strict and kind to students.

1937 After the Lugouqiao Incident, Xie Ju moved south and was invited to teach at Hunan University. Xie Xide has finished senior three in Wuhan Saint Hilda Girls' Middle School and Changsha Fuxiang Girls' Middle School. 1in the summer of 938, the artillery fire of the Japanese invaders approached Wuhan and Changsha day by day, but at that time, the national college entrance examination was still held for unified enrollment. Xie Xide entered the Mathematics Department of Hunan University. Soon Changsha was in a hurry and the whole family moved to Guiyang. Xie returned to Hunan University, which moved to Chenxi. Finally, after moving to Guiyang, Xie Xide was admitted to the hospital for tonsillectomy, and his leg pain was unbearable. So although she received the admission notice, she had to apply for a year's suspension from school at home. Later, the doctor diagnosed her leg pain as tuberculosis of femoral joint. At that time, there was no specific drug for tuberculosis, and life imprisonment was almost the same. At that time, the planes of the Japanese invaders bombed indiscriminately, and it was not peaceful to avoid air strikes from time to time. But she is a strong-willed young man. During the treatment and rest, she read a lot of English novels, which was very helpful for her later development. 1942 In the summer, she was admitted to the Physics Department of Zhejiang University, and later moved to Meitan County, Guizhou Province, but gave up because of her father's disapproval. Later, the whole family moved from Guizhou to Changting County, Fujian Province. My father was hired as a professor in the Department of Mathematics and Physics of Xiamen University, and concurrently served as the head of the department, the dean of the Faculty of Science and the provost. With the joint efforts of President Sabendong, professors Xie and Fu Ying, Xiamen University became the leading university in Southeast China at that time. At this moment, Xie Xide was admitted to the Department of Mathematics and Science of Xiamen University. She is studious, strict in training and solid in foundation. Especially under the cordial influence of parents, I have developed a good style of study. 1946 After graduating from college in autumn, she came to Shanghai Hujiang University as a teaching assistant. Continuous war, uncertain life and hard environment have made her a young man with strong patriotism, determined to inherit her father's footsteps, go abroad for further study and make contributions to the future of the motherland.

Fudan work

Zhou Tongqing, who was originally in Shanghai Jiaotong University, invited Xie Xide to teach at Jiaotong University. Due to the adjustment of departments, she and Zhou Tongqing came to the Physics Department of Fudan University. Here, she undertook an extremely heavy teaching task. From 1952 to 1956, she talked about six basic courses and specialized courses, and compiled textbooks and handouts. She is good at organizing the course content, and her lectures are in line with the students' reality. She is informative, clear-cut, and fluent in language, which greatly inspires students. At present, many middle-aged science and technology backbones in China, such as Fang Shouxian, Ding Dazhao and Wang Qiming, are her proteges. Thanks to her efforts, Fudan University opened the specialty of solid state physics at 1955, and devoted herself to the development of semiconductor physics. During the period of 1960 ~ 1962, she wrote a book, Solid State Physics (Volume I and Volume II), which was published by Shanghai Science and Technology Publishing House and was well received by teachers and students in domestic universities. In 1980s, this book was revised again. Xie Xide added a chapter on amorphous substances, which kept the characteristics of the original book. It not only systematically described the basic contents of this subject, but also introduced the development of the main branches. 1988 was rated as an excellent textbook by the State Education Commission.

? 1956 autumn, in order to realize the national scientific development plan of 12, some teachers and students from physics departments of Peking University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, Xiamen University and Jida University gathered in Peking University, and * * * jointly established the major of semiconductor physics. Huang Kun is the director of the teaching and research group, and Xie Xide is the deputy director. Together, they wrote a monograph, Semiconductor Physics, published by Science Press, 1958. It was an authoritative work with a high academic level in the world at that time, and made timely contributions to cultivating a large number of semiconductor science and technology talents in China. Admirably, for the sake of scientific career, she left her five-month-old child in the care of her lover Cao and resolutely went to work in Peking University.

? In scientific research, she also started from scratch, and 1958 founded the Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics as the deputy director (1958 ~ 1966). Under her careful guidance and organization, she insisted on paying equal attention to applied technology and basic research, which created the necessary conditions for the development of semiconductor industry and basic research in Shanghai and trained a team. At that time, there was a shortage of experimental technicians, so she founded Shanghai Technical Physics Secondary School to train experimental personnel. Later, these people all completed university courses and became effective scientific and technological talents. Among the college students who graduated at the beginning of the year and participated in the school of architecture, there is a very successful Shen.

? In the early 1960s, silicon planar technology rose internationally. She and Huang Kun are keenly aware that it will promote the rapid development of semiconductor technology and physics, and jointly propose to carry out solid-state energy spectrum research, which will be undertaken by Peking University, Fudan University and Nanjing University. 1962165438+1October, she was promoted to professor. Under her guidance, Fudan established advanced experimental techniques such as paramagnetic vibration at that time. She enrolled graduate students, offered courses of "Semiconductor Theory" and "Group Theory", and wrote lectures to guide graduate students to engage in scientific research topics such as the selection law of matrix elements of space groups, the theory of cyclotron oscillation of semiconductor carriers under strain conditions, the theory of indirect tunneling effect, and the calculation of semiconductor energy bands. 1966 In the summer, at the summer physics seminar held in Beijing, she gave a report on the energy band calculation results and exchanged views with scholars from all over the world. 1986 rewrote the original handout and published the monograph "Group Theory and Its Application in Physics", which has now become a teaching material for graduate students in many universities in China, making it easier for students to master such an abstract mathematical tool as group theory, which has been well received by teachers and students.

Outstanding contribution

1976+00 After Xie Xide crushed the Gang of Four in June, there was hope for the motherland. 1in August, 1977, Deng Xiaoping, who was in charge of science education at that time, pointed out at the symposium on science education: 17 After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), the leading aspects of the education front and scientific research front were red lines, and the vast majority of intellectuals in China consciously served socialism. We should respect mental work and talent. At the National Science Conference in March 1978, Deng Xiaoping emphasized that "science and technology are productive forces", and intellectuals are already a part of the working class, which greatly encouraged them. As Guo Moruo said, it ushered in the spring of science.

At the National Natural Science Planning Meeting at the end of 1977, Xie Xide reported her scientific research, and explained with solid materials that a new frontier science, namely surface science, is forming among solid physics, material science and quantum chemistry. Its basic content includes three parts: one is to determine the atomic composition of the surface; The second is the surface atomic structure and bonding properties; The third is the surface electronic state and various special physical properties. She also expounded the important relationship between surface physics and the development of high technology and science, as well as the national economy, and put forward an initiative to develop surface physics in China. This report was appreciated by the participating scientists. Her initiative was supported by the State Science and Technology Commission and the Ministry of Higher Education. After returning to school, she immediately set out to build the Institute of Modern Physics of Fudan University, focusing on surface physics. In a short time, eight laboratories were established on the basis of the original physics department and nuclear science department.

1September, 978, Xie Xide made plans to organize two series of academic reports and seminars. First, surface physics, which systematically expounds the basic content and development prospect of surface physics; The second is the solid energy band theory. She arranged the speaker and listed the reference materials for the speaker to prepare. For more than seven months, she personally organized reports for more than 30 times. On this basis, a national symposium on surface physics was held.

The China Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Education entrusted the Department of Physics and the Institute of Modern Physics of Fudan University to hold a seminar on solid theory, which was held in Fudan University in March 1979. Xie Xide, vice president and director of the Institute of Modern Physics, presided over the seminar and personally made many academic reports. More than 170 representatives from 84 universities and scientific research units in more than 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions attended the seminar, with the theme of "group theory" and "solid energy band theory".

1982, W. Kohn, an American physicist and198 Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, came to China to give lectures. After returning to China, he commented: "Professor Xie Xide made a wise choice to study surface physics at Fudan University." After years of efforts, with the support of the State Science and Technology Commission and the National Natural Science Foundation, the Surface Physics Laboratory of the Institute of Modern Physics was identified as the national open laboratory of applied surface physics by experts organized by the State Planning Commission on 1990. Under the guidance of Xie Xide and the efforts of Wang Xun, the laboratory has made outstanding achievements in polar surface structure and electronic state of compound semiconductor and InP, surface interface structure, growth mechanism of Si/Ge superlattice and infrared detector, development of blue-light porous silicon, growth and research of blue-light laser materials, germanium quantum dots, and magnetic material superlattice.

With the unremitting efforts of her colleagues Xie Xide and Zhang Kaiming, Ye Ling and Jiang Ping made four scientific research achievements: 1985, 1987, 1990 and 1997. They were "One of the Theories and Experiments on the Electronic State of Semiconductor Surface", "Theoretical Study on the Interface between Nickel-Silicon Compound and Silicon", "Study on the Adsorption of Metals on Semiconductor Surface and the Electronic Properties of Metal-Semiconductor Interface" and "Theoretical Study on the Electronic Properties of Quantum Devices and Heterostructures", and won the second prize of Scientific and Technological Progress of the State Education Commission respectively. According to incomplete statistics, since 1978, 15 doctors and 10 masters have been trained. Published nearly 100 academic papers. She is one of the winners of He Liang Heli Science and Technology Progress Award 65438-0997.

In the early 1980s, Bardeen, a famous American scientist and two-time Nobel Prize winner in physics, led a delegation to visit China. After returning home, he praised: "Professor Xie Xide is one of the most influential people in China's scientific community."

Thanks to Xie Xide's scientific research achievements and outstanding contributions in international academic exchanges, he has been praised by academic circles at home and abroad and enjoys a high reputation. She was twice elected as the vice-president of Chinese Physical Society (1978 ~ 199 1), member of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of China Academy of Sciences (academician) and member of the Presidium of China Academy of Sciences (198 1, 1992). She was awarded honorary doctor of science, honorary doctor of engineering and honorary doctor of humanities by 13 universities in the United States, Britain, Japan, Canada and Hong Kong respectively. 1In June, 987, when she was awarded an honorary doctorate by new york State University, a reporter from USA Today interviewed her and called her "President of Harvard University in China". /kloc-0 was elected honorary member of american physical society in 1986. 1988 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences. 1990 was elected as a foreign academician of American College of Arts and Sciences. Six international academic journals, including Surface Science, invited her to be a consultant and a member of the editorial board. She is also a member of the Semiconductor Committee of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP) (1987 ~ 1993). She served as an adviser to the International Conference on Semiconductor Physics and a member of the Program Committee, and was elected as the chairman of the 2nd1International Conference on Semiconductor Physics held in Beijing. The meeting was held in August, 1992. More than 500 Chinese and foreign experts attended the meeting and submitted more than 900 papers. This is the first international conference on semiconductor physics held in developing countries in Asia. This conference provided a good opportunity for China's semiconductor physics field to directly contact with the frontier fields of international science and technology, and played a very good role in promoting the development of China's semiconductor science and the cultivation of young talents.

Xie Xide has shown his unique wisdom and talent in friendly exchanges and academic exchanges with international scientific and technological circles, and made great contributions to rejuvenating China and building the motherland. Since 1983, she has attended the March meeting in american physical society every year. When she comes back, she will make an introduction to the teachers and students of the physics department and write an article about the important development of the frontier of physics in that year. She has been invited to attend various conferences abroad for many times, teaching semiconductor physics and surface physics, as well as China's science and education, women, population, environment and other issues, and has traveled all over the United States, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia, Poland, Hungary, Greece, Thailand, Venezuela and other countries.

Xie Xide is one of the pioneers in the research of semiconductor physics and surface physics in China. He has made outstanding achievements and is respected by academic and educational circles. 1991March19 ushered in her seventieth birthday, which is also worth her 40 years of teaching experience in Fudan University. Song Jian, director of the State Science and Technology Commission, and Zhou, president of China Academy of Sciences jointly sent congratulatory messages. Yang Zhenning, Li Zhengdao and Alam, three internationally renowned Nobel Prize winners in physics, sent congratulatory messages respectively. The State Education Commission also called to congratulate. Feng Duan, chairman of the Chinese Physical Society, sent a warm congratulatory letter. Well-known scholars at home and abroad have written 26 academic papers and compiled them into a collection of "Surface Physics and Related Topics", which was published by Singapore World Science Press, and extended warm and heartfelt congratulations.

Personality assessment

Xie Xie Xide Sid is not only a famous physicist at home and abroad, but also an outstanding educator and social activist. In higher education, Xie Xide's contribution is outstanding. She served as vice president (1978 ~ 1983) and president (1983 ~1988)10 years, and achieved remarkable results. She took the lead in breaking the comprehensive university model of the former Soviet Union with only arts and sciences in China, and added five colleges including technical science, life science and management science according to the conditions of Fudan University. She strongly advocates the creativity and scientific research work of teachers and students and strengthens academic exchanges at home and abroad. The teaching quality and scientific research level are increasing day by day, and Fudan's reputation is getting bigger and bigger. She is well aware of the great significance of doing a good job in the construction of teaching staff, and adopts the method of exceptional promotion to encourage academic leaders to stand out. She paid attention to the guiding role of teachers in teaching and educating people, and implemented the tutorial system in Fudan in the autumn of 1956. Tutors go deep among students, guide students to learn, and make sense of various problems, with good results. The establishment of "principal's mailbox", "principal's forum" and "press conference" to communicate all aspects of the school solved the existing problems in time, and the teachers, students and employees were satisfied. She strongly advocates a good style of study, rigorous academic attitude and strict requirements among teachers and students.

Xie Xide is also an outstanding social activist. 1982 was elected as the 12th Central Committee member of China * * * Production Party, 1987 10 was elected as the 13th Central Committee member of China * * * Production Party, and 1988 was elected as the chairman of the 7th Committee of China People's Political Consultative Conference in May. During the 13th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, Xie Xide attended the press conference at home and abroad together with Lu Yongxiang, President of Zhejiang University, and Wang Lulin, Vice President of Xiamen University. She skillfully answered various questions from reporters. As the chairman of Shanghai CPPCC, she has a broad vision, pays great attention to the development of Pudong New Area and puts forward new views on higher education in Pudong. Later, she became the principal of Shanda, whose campus is in Pudong. She not only pays attention to the education and technology of the city, but also pays attention to culture, social atmosphere, agriculture and so on. People can see the touching scene of her leading CPPCC members down to factories and rural areas to understand the situation and express their condolences from TV news. She cares about popular science education and edited a new book, Abba Teaching Science, which added a lot of new knowledge to teenagers.

On the Fudan campus, she has received visiting French President Bertrand Destin, American President Ronald Reagan and Secretary of State Schultz and other foreign leaders. On behalf of Fudan University, she awarded a group of world-renowned scholars and professors the title of honorary professor and consultant professor of Fudan University. 1998 when U.S president bill Clinton and his wife visited China, Xie Xide attended the forum of president bill Clinton in Shanghai as a famous person.

1998165438+1On October 4th, the American Semiconductor Industry Association funded the establishment of the Xie Xide Prize in the American Studies Center of Fudan University to encourage scientific research in related fields. Xie Xide unites people from all walks of life, especially education, science, international friends, overseas students and overseas Chinese, and has made great contributions to the rejuvenation of China and the construction of the motherland.

Chronology of major events

192 1 was born in Quanzhou, Fujian1March 9.

1942 to 1946 studied in the department of mathematics and science of Xiamen university and obtained a bachelor of science degree.

1946- 1947 works as a teaching assistant in the Department of Mathematics and Physics of Shanghai Hujiang College.

1947 ~ 1949, graduate student and teaching assistant of physics department of Smith College, USA, obtained the master of science degree of 1949.

1949- 1952, Ph.D. candidate, Physics Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 195 1 received a doctorate in philosophy. Stay in school for one year after graduation.

1952 ~ successively served as a physics lecturer (1952 ~ 1956), an associate professor (1956 ~ 1962) and a professor (1962 ~) at Fudan university. Director of the teaching and research section of solid state physics (1954 ~ 196 1).

1956- 1958 served as the deputy director of the joint department of semiconductor physics of Peking University, Fudan University, Nanda University, Jida University and Xiamen University.

Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics was established from 1958 to 1966, and served as deputy director.

1978 ~ Director, Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University.

1978 ~ 1988 used to be vice president of Fudan university (1978 ~ 1983), president (1983 ~ 1988) and director of American research center (/kloc

1978 ~ 199 1 served as the vice chairman of the Chinese Physical Society.

1980 was elected member (academician) of the Department of Mathematics and Physics of China Academy of Sciences.

1989 was elected as an academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences.

1990 was elected as a foreign academician of American College of Arts and Sciences.

1997 President of Shanghai Pudong Sanda University.

He passed away in Shanghai on March 4th, 2000.

20 12 reading "Xie Xide's Sincerity" as a practical text for college entrance examination. You can look up this article yourself.