1. Transform government functions and build a government supervision service model.
In developing market economy, China proposed to transform government functions and build a service-oriented government. In the field of university management, it is also necessary to build a supervisory and service-oriented government. On the one hand, realize the transformation from government control mode to supervision mode. There are three basic trends in this change: first, remote control is implemented, that is, broad parameters are put forward for the development of higher education, while most details and initial work are left to institutions. Secondly, the government tends to relax the control of higher education. Third, the government further encourages universities to strengthen self-discipline. On the other hand, the government needs to change from the original compulsory management of micro-subjects to serving colleges and universities, and constantly create a good development environment and conditions for colleges and universities.
2. Continue to promote the separation of management and management.
Both the Ministry of Education and provincial education departments should reduce administrative control and management measures, reduce administrative examination and approval items, and reduce various evaluation, inspection, acceptance, evaluation and appraisal activities. Put an end to corruption and public relations. Government departments only formulate policies, carry out fine management of education planning, education legislation and education funds, rather than controlling and managing the specific affairs of colleges and universities. Just as the outline draft also puts forward, it is necessary to "promote the separation of government and school, and the separation of management and office."
(b) Separate academic and administrative governance.
Separate the academic from the administrative, and eliminate the administrative power from the academic power. For universities in higher education institutions, academic power is basic, and academic power is not institutionalized power, but belongs to an authority. Academic autonomy means that under the corresponding guarantee mechanism provided by the government and society, the internal management system of colleges and universities decides academic affairs independently. And administrative power should only serve academic power. As for how to reconstruct such an academic autonomy management system and realize the separation of academic and administrative management, I think we can think from the following aspects:
1. Defining the content of academic power according to law is the legal guarantee of academic power.
In line with the general plan of running schools according to law, China should give a clear definition of academic power and define the content of academic power according to law, which will make academic power and administrative power more clear and ensure that academic power and administrative power can be ruled separately. Taking the academic power of academic committees as an example, the higher education law does not fully stipulate the academic authority of academic committees. Some important academic decisions, such as the establishment, merger, division and merger of teaching and academic research institutions, academic development planning, discipline construction, specialty adjustment, textbook construction, talent training plan, etc., are academic issues and should be decided by academic committees.
2. Simplification and optimization of organizational structure is the organizational guarantee.
The administrative organs of colleges and universities must give full play to the autonomy of colleges and universities, take the core process of academic services as the core, take the satisfaction of teachers and students as the goal, rethink and design the existing business processes of colleges and universities, and realize the simplification and flattening of the organizational structure. Therefore, the administrative management system of colleges and universities must be abolished, merged, streamlined and flattened. The purpose is to form a loose and flexible organizational structure, which is conducive to academic freedom and autonomy.
3. The de-administrative reform of personnel system is the guarantee of talents.
On the one hand, the outline draft mentioned the reform of the principal selection system. The reform of the selection system of university presidents in China should follow three basic principles: first, the position of presidents and the administrative level of the state should be thorough; Second, the selection of principals should be conducted in public; Third, democratic participation should be reflected in the selection process, such as teachers and students. At the same time, according to the principle of selecting the president, the dean of the college is no longer an administrative position, but an academic position, which cannot be appointed by the personnel department of the school, and should also be elected according to the academic level or democracy [4]. On the other hand, reform the specific personnel system in colleges and universities. For example, change the original management operation mode of pure administrative affairs and establish the idea of human resource management; "Set up posts because of things and needs"; Open recruitment of administrative personnel and performance appraisal of their administrative duties; Regular training of administrative personnel; Establish an independent executive compensation system and implement "post performance pay". The goal is to make the administrative team service-oriented and professional.
(C) the reconstruction of academic organizations
The form of academic organization plays a vital role in the growth and prosperity of university academics. There are many disadvantages in the current academic organizations in Chinese universities, such as the incompleteness of academic organizations, not only the lack of actual resources, but also the control of academic power by administrative power. The author puts forward the following two suggestions around the concept of professor running the school:
1. Implement professor research and establish a professor committee.
In German universities, professors, as the main body of academic research, have supreme power, and universities fully protect the interests of professors. Since the 20th century, German universities have trained more than 70 Nobel Prize winners, which has contributed to the unshakable pursuit of professorship. Based on the experience of developed countries in education and the actual situation of the development of China University, China should implement professor governance, shift the focus of management, set up a professor committee, make it the highest academic authority of the university, and participate in the management of other affairs. Transfer the decision-making power of major issues, especially the right to hire personnel, to the professor Committee to realize the relative separation of decision-making and implementation. Let professors and experts discuss and decide some major issues that schools want to grasp but fail to grasp, such as discipline construction and team building. In May, 2000, Northeast Normal University established the Professors Committee, which caused quite a shock in the higher education circle of China at that time.
2. Set up several special working committees.
Within the framework of the professors' committee, some special working committees and standing committees, such as teaching committees, academic committees and degree committees, should also be established. The Teaching Committee examines and approves major issues such as teaching development planning and specialty setting, and formulates enrollment plans and personnel training programs; Guide and coordinate teaching work, including teaching quality management, main course construction, textbook construction and teaching laboratory construction; Deliberating and deciding on various teaching awards and teaching reform and construction projects; Put forward opinions and suggestions on the allocation and use of teaching funds, and supervise them. Academic Committee is an academic evaluation and audit institution. Review long-term research plans and draft plans, put forward suggestions on academic activities, promote and promote academic exchanges and scientific and technological cooperation, consider opening reports on major research topics, evaluate important works and research achievements of the department, and comment on the academic level and achievements of scientific and technological personnel. The Academic Degrees Committee examines and approves the criteria for conferring academic degrees, and decides on major issues such as conferring academic degrees, specialty construction, degree application and declaration.
(D) Improve the supervision mechanism
Strengthen internal democratic supervision and social supervision in colleges and universities. Open school affairs, transparent office, sunshine administration. Give full play to the supervisory role of organizations such as staff congresses, student congresses and student groups in colleges and universities. At the same time, efforts should be made to realize social supervision, parental supervision schools, media supervision schools and judicial supervision schools.
(5) change your mind.
Change the incentive orientation and mentality of colleges and universities. The problem of administrative generalization in Chinese universities leads to the incentive orientation of administrative hierarchy and administrative power, that is, the wanton pursuit and worship of power and official rank. This kind of incentive orientation is quite serious. Everything takes the needs and value demands of administrative officials as the behavior orientation, and the power is heavy, but the officials are big, and "official worship" is popular [5]. We should strive to change this incentive orientation, eliminate the incentive orientation of administrative power, official rank and treatment, and take the pursuit and service of academics as the cornerstone of encouragement and praise. We must call for and carry forward the spirit of seeking truth from facts in higher education and even among all intellectuals.