Then, among the more than 0/000 colleges and universities in China with different comprehensive strength, teachers' level and school-running characteristics, how to choose the one that suits you? What factors should candidates consider when choosing an institution?
Understand the types of universities. For me, there is more than one institution for each grade. If you don't know the classification of universities, it's difficult for you to decide which one to go to. China's universities can be divided into comprehensive colleges, polytechnic colleges, teachers' colleges, agriculture and forestry colleges, political and legal colleges, medical colleges, finance and economics colleges, ethnic, language, art colleges, physical education colleges and military colleges.
1, comprehensive universities, such as universities, have complete disciplines, infiltration of arts and sciences, and balanced strength of disciplines that are biased towards literature and science.
1 1 stands for universities: Peking University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, Nankai University, Wuhan University, Sun Yat-sen University, Xiamen University, Shandong University, Jilin University, Sichuan University and Lanzhou University.
Studying in such a university, various academic lectures and group activities are rich and colorful, which is conducive to the all-round development of children. Those who apply for arts and sciences majors are advised to give priority to comprehensive universities with good learning atmosphere and wide contacts. Because going to college is not only about learning knowledge, but more importantly, improving comprehensive quality and establishing interpersonal relationships. When applying for this kind of school, you should pay attention to: there are many majors in this kind of school. If you rush in with low grades, you may be transferred to a major you don't like.
2. The dominant disciplines of such schools as Polytechnic University are engineering and science, and of course there are liberal arts majors, but it is not its advantage.
Representative institutions are: Tsinghua, National Science and Technology University, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhejiang University, University of Science and Technology of China, Xi Jiaotong University, Tongji University and Harbin Institute of Technology.
Science students majoring in engineering can apply for such schools, some of which have national key laboratories and national engineering research centers. Those who apply for liberal arts majors should try not to apply for such schools.
3. Normal universities like Beijing Normal University, East China Normal University, Northeast Normal University, Central China Normal University, Shaanxi Normal University, South China Normal University, Nanjing Normal University and Hunan Normal University.
Normal university is similar to a comprehensive university, with infiltration of arts and sciences and a high level of running a school. Unfortunately, there is a word "teacher", and many people don't like to apply for it, so it is cost-effective. It is suggested to actively study liberal arts, science and psychology.
4. Specialized universities include agriculture and forestry, politics and law, medicine, finance and economics, nationality, language, art and sports.
Most professional universities have a deep historical background in the industry, and a certain major is very distinctive and highly recognized in the industry. Among these universities, except for financial and medical colleges, which are popular at present and have higher admission scores, other professional colleges generally have lower admission scores.
The classification of universities, from the perspective of application, is mainly to ensure that you go to the right door and never go to the wrong door. Because of the great differences in the subject characteristics of different types of universities, the campus cultural atmosphere is completely different.
Understand that there are more than 2,000 colleges and universities with independent enrollment qualifications in China. There were 1540 colleges and universities that enrolled students in Shaanxi last year. From the admission level of colleges and universities, there are one college, two colleges, three colleges and higher vocational colleges. When the college entrance examination is accepted, the provincial admissions office will conduct it in the order of admission batches.
Judging from the comprehensive strength and state support of universities, there are "985 Project" universities, "2 1 1 Project" universities, national key universities, provincial key universities, ordinary universities, independent colleges and private colleges.
Among them, 39 "985 Project" colleges and universities have received support from the state in terms of policies, funds and material resources, and their teaching level, academic level and internationalization level are all very high; There are 77 "2 1 1 Project" colleges and universities in China, which have also received various support from the state and local governments. These schools have higher requirements for college entrance examination scores.
In addition, it should be noted that some colleges and universities enroll students in one batch in some provinces (cities) and two batches in other provinces (cities) every year, and some schools also have multiple enrollment plans, so be sure to make it clear when applying for the exam.
Understand the historical evolution and ownership of colleges and universities, and understand the historical evolution of universities.
China University was basically born in six stages:
During the Westernization Movement, such as Tsinghua, Peking University, Tianjin University and Suzhou University; During the Republic of China, before liberation, such as Fudan, Nankai and Northeastern University.
In the early days of liberation [50-60 years], there were mainly some specialized universities, such as agriculture, forestry, water, geology, mining, petroleum finance, etc., such as South China University of Technology, and some newly-built universities in provinces without universities, such as Inner Mongolia University, Qinghai University and Ningxia University.
In the early days of reform and opening up, teachers colleges were established in various places, and comprehensive universities were also established in Tibet and Hainan. The industrialization period of all private education such as independent colleges and private colleges.
Generally speaking, the longer the school is established, the stronger the strength of the school, the more obvious the professional characteristics, and the higher the admission batch. In understanding the historical evolution, we can't ignore the fact that universities accepted and merged other institutions in different periods.
After liberation, China began to adjust the departments of universities from 1952, and in 2000, a large-scale university merger and reorganization was carried out nationwide.
Different school titles, majors also change from time to time. The merged and reorganized universities often have several disconnected campuses, and the new campuses are basically built in the suburbs.
Different majors are actually distributed in different campuses. Jilin University, for example, was formed by the merger of Jilin University, Jilin University of Technology, Bethune Medical University, changchun university of science and technology, Changchun Institute of Posts and Telecommunications, and PLA Quartermaster University.
This requires you to apply for a university according to your own discipline. Generally speaking, the traditional major of a school is better than the newly established major or the merged major, and the major reflected by the school name is better than other majors.
2. Understand the affiliation of universities.
Universities belong to. The adjusted organization is basically divided into two parts: subordinate and provincial. Universities under the Ministry of Education and other ministries.
Most of the 75 universities directly under the Ministry of Education are comprehensive universities and top-ranking universities. The "985 Project" and "2 1 1 Project" universities are mainly concentrated here.
Universities of other ministries and commissions are mostly industrial and professional universities with distinctive characteristics. For example, Beihang University (under the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology) and Dalian Maritime University (under the Ministry of Communications).
As far as universities are concerned, most of the universities directly under the central government are elites in Chinese universities. Colleges and universities not only occupy a large area, have many students, strong teachers, first-class teaching conditions, high employment rate and good development prospects. However, local universities account for the vast majority of universities in China, and there is still a certain gap compared with universities directly under the central government. Therefore, when applying for colleges and universities, we must understand the affiliation of colleges and universities, because this will still have a certain impact on students' future employment.
3. Understand the characteristics of the organization.
Colleges with attributes in their names are mostly universities with distinctive professional characteristics, such as science and engineering, industry, electronics, transportation, mining, petroleum, agriculture, forestry, ocean, medicine and foreign languages. At present, there are 368 colleges and universities enrolled in the first batch and the second batch, which were originally affiliated to the national ministries and commissions. The original affiliation is their current industry background.
Because of its special historical background, its graduates are often favored and valued by state ministries, large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises and private enterprises when they are employed.
And if you can choose universities and majors according to the industry background of colleges and universities when you fill in your volunteers, it may open another new channel for your children's future employment prospects!
By understanding the historical evolution and ownership of colleges and universities, we can distinguish the strong disciplines and characteristic majors of the school. For example, we open the recruitment of enrollment plans every year, and many students will be named XXX University of Technology.
In addition to South China Institute of Technology, Dalian Institute of Technology, Donghua Institute of Technology and Wuhan Institute of Technology affiliated to the Ministry of Education, there are also Beijing Institute of Technology and Nanjing Institute of Technology affiliated to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. Every province (city) has a polytechnic, and some provinces have several.
For example, Xi Institute of Technology and Shaanxi Institute of Technology have different historical backgrounds and characteristic majors, because their predecessors were engineering colleges, chemical engineering colleges, geological colleges, metallurgical colleges and normal colleges, with different historical origins and school-running characteristics, and different ownership systems.
Understand the strength of running a university, open the official website of each college, and introduce the situation of running a school in the column of school profile, which contains a lot of information and often can't distinguish between primary and secondary. From the perspective of applying for the exam, we can understand the strength of the university mainly from the following two aspects:
1, faculty and staff
Mainly depends on the number of academicians, doctoral supervisors and Changjiang scholars, which is the concentrated embodiment of the university's strength;
2. Discipline strength
Mainly look at doctoral programs, Post-Doctoral Research Center, national key disciplines, etc. The core competitiveness of universities is mainly reflected in the discipline construction level of universities, and whether there are national key disciplines and the ranking of similar key disciplines is the key to measure the discipline construction level of universities.
The number of national key disciplines in a university can directly reflect its academic status, scientific research level and talent training quality in China.
The results of the subject evaluation conducted by the Ministry of Education on 20 12 are recognized as authoritative reference at present. After defining the professional direction, you can check which schools are first-class disciplines and which schools are national key disciplines. The same national key discipline in different schools is determined by ranking, which often leads to higher cost performance.
However, it should be noted that the subject evaluation is mainly conducted according to the first-level disciplines and two disciplines, and the names corresponding to the undergraduate enrollment majors may not be completely corresponding, so it is necessary to find out what the names of the enrollment majors corresponding to the corresponding disciplines are.
Because there are many majors in universities, the major settings of each university are different. It is suggested that the target university should be delineated according to the scores of the college entrance examination, and then the professional situation should be known in detail.
For example, a science student in Hanzhong Middle School, Shaanxi Province, scored 579 points in the college entrance examination and was good at physics. He intends to look for a job directly after graduation. The enrollment plan is the priority of the school, followed by the region, and the preferred major is "automation".
Target institutions: Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai) and Northeastern University. There is no suspense in the preliminary analysis of the admission of the two universities, but further analysis shows that the automation major belongs to the first-level discipline "Control Science and Engineering".
The "Control Science and Engineering" in both universities are national first-class key disciplines, but Northeastern University ranks second, second only to Tsinghua University, and Harbin Institute of Technology ranks third. The discipline strength of Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai) is not as good as that of Colonel Headquarters, and there is a gap between the automation specialty strength and Northeastern University.
Although the annual admission score of Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai) is about 6 points higher than that of Northeastern University, on the basis of the professional strength of automation, we decided to choose Northeastern University as a volunteer. Results The student was successfully admitted to the automation major of Northeastern University.
The admission score of automation major in Northeastern University is about 60 points lower than that of Harbin Institute of Technology, but the professional strength is stronger than the former, which shows that the cost performance is quite high!
If Harbin Institute of Technology (Weihai) had been placed in the volunteer program, although the professional strength was not as good as that of Northeastern University, the automation major could not be admitted. Therefore, it is suggested that colleges and universities should take the discipline strength and strong specialty as the goal after deciding to adopt the professional priority application scheme and make a good professional orientation.
In addition, as a science student, you should also know something about the university laboratory.
University laboratory is an important symbol of a university's strength. It has national, provincial and ministerial levels. Generally speaking, national laboratories are higher in grade and complete in facilities than provincial and ministerial laboratories.
As a liberal arts student, we should know about the university library: first, we should know the time when the library was built and the historical value of ancient books; The second is to understand the library's collection and the expansion of knowledge; The third is to understand the modern reading mode of the library and know how to save time.
Understand the social reputation of a university, including cultural background, cultural inheritance, educational concept, campus atmosphere, etc.
Each university has its own unique temperament and style, and different universities have different campus culture and educational concepts. For example, in some universities, the style of study is relatively free, and there are fewer courses arranged by the school, which requires students to study independently and acquire knowledge. Some universities have a rigorous style of study, and they consciously guide students to explore and discover.
However, it is usually difficult to see these from the information introduced by the school. If there is an opportunity, you can use the college open day and the college entrance examination consultation day to walk into the university campus, feel the university culture and touch the university history.
Feel the atmosphere of the university campus, what seniors studying in the library are doing, and what magical inventions are being made in the practice classroom. You can also randomly ask seniors how they feel in college and what good advice they can give you.
See if the university can give you the opportunity to think independently, provide a platform for hands-on exercise, and provide a stage for displaying your talents.
Knowing the trump card major of a university, you can also consider what major you want to study before the exam, and then consider the school. Many universities at home and abroad have outstanding majors, such as Beijing Normal University, which has trained many famous historians and psychologists since its establishment, and Tsinghua University is more prominent in the research and development of science and engineering. Therefore, students who want to engage in science and engineering want to enter Tsinghua.
Whether a school's major is good or not depends not only on its own interests, but also on the other party's employment prospects and the real employment situation of its graduates, as well as other detailed factors such as learning atmosphere and hardware facilities. As for teachers, we should consider one aspect, but it should not be the primary factor. A teacher's own high level does not mean that his teaching level is also high.
If most graduates of a major have strong ability and good employment, then its teachers, professional training methods and learning atmosphere should not be bad. Therefore, when choosing a major, you should listen to other people's opinions, but only as a reference factor, not as the main basis. Other people's opinions are always personal. If you only listen to others, you will only go on blindly, just like the guidance of various advertisements.
About how to choose the organization Q&; A: How to choose a school when filling out a volunteer?
A: The order of six universities in the same batch must be graded.
Candidates should consider the following points when choosing a school:
1, students' college entrance examination results.
2. The enrollment plan of the school. Key universities directly under the central ministries and commissions generally recruit students nationwide, and some of them have balanced plans, mainly based on the number of local candidates and the situation of students in previous years; Some schools have historically formed key areas for students, regardless of the number of candidates. However, most local colleges and universities enroll students in their own provinces and regions, and there are generally more plans in the location of colleges and universities than in other regions, and some even reach more than 50%.
3. The admission scores of the school in recent years.
According to the principle of batch admission, Guangdong candidates can apply for three batches of colleges and universities in addition to advance approval, and each batch generally applies for six colleges and universities. According to the introduction of the graduating class teachers of some key high schools in Guangzhou and the person in charge of the college admissions office, candidates must open the ranks of how to fill in the order of six universities when filling in their volunteers.
Generally speaking, it is the most difficult to fill in the volunteers of an institution, because there are many examples of "high scores falling off the list" because of improper filling. In order to improve the admission rate, the first choice to the third choice must be filled in from high to low. Many key universities generally don't admit two volunteer candidates because of abundant students, so candidates must find out whether the two volunteer universities you fill in promise to admit two volunteer candidates before filling out the form (this will be explained in the school's enrollment regulations).
Two colleges and universities have the same problem, but the risk is smaller than that of one college, and we should also pay attention to the gradient. Three batches of colleges and universities are the easiest to fill in. General colleges and universities recruit students in the province, and the range of choices is not wide. It is easy to determine which institution to fill in, and the scores of institutions enrolled nationwide will be slightly higher. Filling in "obedience" in the "obedience to professional adjustment" of voluntary schools can greatly improve the chances of admission.
Q: Is it better to choose a comprehensive university or a professional college?
A: Choosing a comprehensive college is more conducive to your own development and growth.
In China, universities are generally divided into comprehensive and professional colleges. Comprehensive colleges are generally large in scale, with complete professional categories, large campus area, beautiful environment and colorful student activities. However, professional colleges have few and concentrated professional types, and the campus area is usually small, and student activities often have a strong professional color.
For most students, choosing a comprehensive and multidisciplinary college is more conducive to their own development and growth. In a comprehensive university, students can not only be influenced by the diversified and multidisciplinary campus academic environment, but also choose the knowledge of other disciplines, which will help them to become compound talents with broader horizons and wider knowledge in the future.
There are also some university admissions officers who believe that candidates should choose their own institutions according to the principle of "looking at personality and development" when the professional strength of the two schools is not much different. Students with a wide range of interests and hobbies who want to be "compound talents" will give priority to comprehensive universities; If you want to be a "double bachelor" and choose a second major, you will have more room for development in a comprehensive university, and it is more convenient to apply for graduate students of other majors. Those students who are calm and want to specialize in their own fields should choose a professional university, which will help them focus on the most cutting-edge and purest professional academic trends. If they want to continue their studies in this major, they will have a better chance to take the postgraduate entrance examination or graduate school.
Q: Is the school important or the major important?
A: The first batch of colleges and universities focus on grades, while the second batch of colleges and universities below focus on majors.
When filling in the college entrance examination volunteers, candidates should not only consider factors such as future employment, but also "vary from person to person and cannot generalize".
Considering the factors of future employment, candidates should emphasize the grades of the first batch of colleges and universities and the majors of the second batch of colleges and universities when filling in the college entrance examination volunteers. In recent years, many employers have first targeted key universities, especially some large units with competitive strength, and they mainly value the comprehensive quality of students. For the second batch and below, we should grasp the choice of majors, and choose those majors with good employment prospects, which are in line with our own interests and hobbies and are easier to play their specialties.
At the same time, universities are also divided into research-oriented key universities and non-research-oriented ordinary universities. Candidates should first find out whether they want to continue their studies or choose a good major to find a good job later. If you think that the undergraduate course is only a stage of study, and you will have to take the postgraduate entrance examination or study abroad in the future, then you should still put the choice of school in the first place. This is because the proportion of students who take the postgraduate entrance examination in famous universities is relatively high, and the level of tutors, research projects and research funds are sufficient, which is beneficial to candidates' further study. If candidates prefer to choose a major according to their own interests, then they should "give priority to choosing a major and give consideration to the school".
Candidates should also choose "major first" or "school first" according to their own strength. Some candidates with excellent academic performance may not be strong enough if they apply for popular majors in Tsinghua and Peking University. However, if you apply for the same major in Nanjing University, Wuhan University and Sun Yat-sen University, you are likely to be admitted. Therefore, candidates should choose according to their own strength.
Q: Aren't schools with low admission scores very bad?
A: It is not good for institutions with low admission scores in all cases.
Generally speaking, famous universities have higher admission scores because of their strong comprehensive strength and high level of running schools, but not all universities with lower admission scores are bad. Due to geographical location, economic development level and other factors, some universities located in Beijing, Shanghai and other places have relatively high admission scores; And those institutions with relatively remote geographical locations have relatively low admission scores.
On the contrary, many colleges and universities located in Beijing and Shanghai are sought after by national candidates, although their comprehensive strength and teachers' level are average, so their admission scores are also rising. In this case, we should stay awake and never mistakenly think that "a good school means a high admission score", while those universities with relatively low admission scores are even worse.
Q: Can "university ranking" be used as a reference for choosing a school?
A: Some "university rankings" are not scientific and objective. If we can treat and understand it correctly, it will also be helpful to fill in the volunteers.
Some educators believe that the emergence of various "university rankings" is a manifestation of social progress. Although there are many domestic university rankings at present, the basis and reference factors of ranking are different, and the scope of investigation is different, so some "university rankings" must be scientific and objective. For college entrance examination candidates, it is also very helpful to fill in their volunteers if they can correctly look at various rankings and understand their significance.
For example, almost all of these rankings are based on the number of scientific papers published by universities around the world and the number of citations as the comparison standard of university strength, which objectively reflects the academic level of a university in the field of natural sciences, but it is difficult to reflect the level of philosophy and social sciences. At the same time, to measure the comprehensive strength of a university, it is not enough to judge only from the "academic level", but also to include the faculty, teaching conditions, school funding, student quality, student employment and so on. When choosing a school, the university ranking can be used as a moderate reference, but we should not only look at the university ranking, but also carefully examine the applied majors. This is mainly because some universities have high comprehensive rankings, but they are not necessarily strong in a certain major. Some universities have strong majors, but their comprehensive rankings are slightly lower. When you apply, you can pay attention to the professional introduction of college entrance examination consultation.
For candidates facing the choice of further studies, various university rankings can generally reflect the comprehensive strength of a university. As for "which schools are the key", candidates may wish to refer to "2 1 1 project" to be shortlisted for colleges and universities, because the colleges and universities that entered "2 1 1 project" have undergone strict evaluation organized by the Ministry of Education and have strong comprehensive strength.