The voice of anti-war came out. /kloc-the student movement broke out in 0/965, which officially kicked off the ten-year anti-war movement. Students express their voices by writing articles, giving speeches, participating in debates and holding "lectures". In March, students from the University of Michigan launched an anti-war movement, and discussed how to oppose the escalation of the Vietnam War through speeches for the first time. This new form of anti-war received a wide response and quickly swept the country within two months. Many universities hold similar lectures to publicize anti-war ideas on and off campus. At the same time, the national organization "Action Group for Seeking Truth" launched actions in universities across the country, participated in lectures and held anti-war debates, which aroused widespread concern.
1On April 7th, 965, under the leadership of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), students gave a national speech in Washington and marched into Washington. Students put forward the slogan of withdrawing troops from Vietnam. They wrote in the petition: "We believe that the only option for upgrading is for the United States to withdraw its troops from Vietnam. We believe that the only chance for democracy and development in South Vietnam is to resolve the war through negotiations. "
In June+10 of the same year, with the support of SDS, the Vietnam Day Committee, composed of several organizations, launched a nationwide anti-war activity with tens of millions of people, demanding that the United States immediately withdraw its troops from Vietnam, recognize the South Vietnamese National Liberation Front and impeach President Johnson. "The anti-war movement is gradually reaching its climax.
1967, the anti-war movement reached its climax, and students left the campus on a large scale to express their willingness to stop fighting through various radical forms. In April,/kloc-0,000,000 people, mainly students, held an anti-war demonstration in new york, calling for an end to the war. In May, 20,000 people marched in Washington, vowing not to vote for any candidate who supported the Vietnam War. Burning military service cards has also become an important way for students to fight against Japan. David miller publicly burned his military service certificate for the first time, which caused young students to follow suit. 1967 In May, hundreds of college students burned their military service cards in public in new york Central Park to express their protest against the government's recruitment of college students. 5438+ 10 In June, college students launched the "Stop Recruitment Week", and tens of thousands of demonstrators marched into the "Recruitment Guidance Center" and clashed with the police. "They used all kinds of street debris as roadblocks and surrounded the riot police who came to suppress with protective tools, forcing all panicked police to retreat." 101October 2 1 day, the largest demonstration in the 1960s took place in Washington, with as many as100000 students participating. In the face of riot police and tear gas, the demonstrators were fearless, and some even rushed to the flag-raising platform in front of the Pentagon to raise the Vietnamese flag to show their protest against the Vietnam War. The student anti-war movement since 1968 has inevitably embarked on the road of violent revolution.
From 65438 to 0969, the student anti-war movement entered its heyday, and the organization scale of SDS continued to expand, and the violent movement of college students was organized nationwide. According to statistics, from 65438 to 0969, there were various violent incidents in about 300 colleges and universities in China, and about 1/3 college students were involved. On average, there are two incidents every day, including arson, explosion, strike and occupation of campus. With the further expansion of the United States in Indochina Peninsula, especially Nixon's order to send troops to Cambodia, "it caused the most extensive and intense protest in American history. This activity was attended by1500,000 students, affecting half of the 2,500 universities in the United States. " Students who participated in the demonstration reached 60% of college students.
However, while the student movement is in full swing, there is a serious division within SDS, the leading center of the student movement. The differences between the old and new leaders in the development direction and specific actions of the student movement have led to the division within SDS, and its allies have gradually parted ways with it, and feminists, black activists, workers and soldiers in the alliance have gradually divided. The struggle between the old and new leftists in the Serbian Democratic Party is getting more and more tense. 1at the national congress held in Chicago in June, 969, the two factions were completely split, and it was split again and again, resulting in many factions with different political views, which were difficult to reconcile, so they were often unable to lead the student movement. Other splinter factions "regarded themselves as revolutionary pioneers, separated from students and young workers, lived a hippie social life, became increasingly isolated politically, and finally went underground at 1972 and disappeared." Young leaders who were active in the anti-war movement also left the movement and gave up their beliefs. The split of the Serbian Democratic Party symbolizes the retreat of the climax of the student movement in the whole era. In the dilemma of domestic troubles and foreign invasion, coupled with the gradual cooling of the Vietnam War, the student anti-war movement began to decline and eventually disappeared in the mid-1970s.
The anti-war movement of American young students in 1960s was not an isolated event. It combined with the anti-war movements of other classes and other social movements at the same time, leaving a rich spiritual legacy for American society, which is called "the spirit of the 1960s". This spirit permeates American social life and values, and quietly changes American social culture.
The 1960s was an era of violent social unrest in the United States. Anti-war movement, civil rights movement, black movement, women's movement and other movements are intertwined, and the wave of protests in society is one after another. Based on social unrest, dissatisfaction with reality and confusion about the future, American young people abandon their existing social values and seek a nihilistic lifestyle that escapes from reality. As more and more young people choose this way of life, a powerful counterculture began to appear and run through the whole 1960s, which made this era.
In a word, the anti-war movement of young students is an important part of American social culture in the 1960s, and it is also a part of the whole "1960s spirit". At the same time, the anti-war movement had an important influence on the black movement and the women's movement in the 1960s and 1970s, and its radical behavior and program inspired later social activists.