The origin of ordnance department

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Qing government launched the New Deal movement centered on "training the new army". Cen Chunxuan, governor of Sichuan Province, started the "Sichuan Military Academy crash course" in the 28th year of Guangxu (1902), preparing to train new army personnel, and began to recruit the first students of the "Sichuan Military Academy" in the following year. Sichuan Ordnance School is the first military school founded in Sichuan. Its graduates were assigned to the new army of Sichuan Army and gradually became middle and senior officers of Sichuan Army. After the Revolution of 1911, Yin and Hu Jingyi, who came out of Sichuan Military Academy, mastered the military and political power in Sichuan, and further placed and reused the military cadets, so that the military cadets almost controlled the leaders at all levels of the Sichuan Army. At the same time, there is a military equipment alumni association in the army to contact them. As a result, the first warlord faction in modern Sichuan history, the Armed Forces Department, was formed, headed by Yin and Hu Jingyi in the early stage and Zhou Daogang and Liu Cunhou in the later stage.

★ Set up the Equipment Department

19 1 1 year, a large-scale "road protection movement" broke out in Sichuan. The Road Protection Association was established in Chengdu, and Pu Dianjun and Luo Lun, the constitutionalists, were elected as vice presidents. The county road protection comrades' associations were also established one after another, and soon developed to hundreds of thousands of people. The Qing government ordered a crackdown, and Zhao Erfeng, the governor of Sichuan, massacred the petitioners, which aroused even greater anger among the people of Sichuan. Members of the League took the opportunity to organize comrades' armies and launch armed uprisings in various counties, pushing the movement to a climax. After Wuchang Uprising, Zhao Erfeng was forced to abdicate, and a Sichuan military government headed by Pu Dianjun was established in Chengdu, and a Shu military government headed by Zhang Peixuan was established in Chongqing. Pu Dianjun's new regime is extremely weak. On February 8, 65438, Pu Dianjun and Zhu Qinglan held a military parade in the East Campus. Suddenly, the army mutinied, and Pu fled Chengdu in panic, causing chaos in Chengdu. At this time, Yin, the military and political minister, hurried out of the city and went straight to Phoenix Mountain to find Zhou Jun and the battalion commander Song in the 63 standard system. Zhou and Song led the troops into the city to pacify the chaos. After the counter-insurgency, the official gentry promoted Yin to viceroy, Lauren to vice viceroy, and killed Zhao Erfeng at the same time.

In order to consolidate the new regime, Yin expanded the army into three towns: the original 17 towns were changed to the first town, and Song was in charge; With the comrades army as the second town, Peng Guanglie is in charge; Take scouts and skirmishers as the third town, with Sun Zhaoluan in charge; Take Sichuan Army as the fourth town and Liu Cunhou as the control.

19 12 Sichuan military government merged with Shu military government, with Chengdu as the political center, and established Sichuan military government, with Yin as the viceroy of Sichuan military government and Zhang Peijue as the deputy viceroy. After the establishment of the Sichuan Military Government, Yin reorganized the Sichuan Army into five divisions: the first division commander Zhou Jun, the second division commander Peng Guanglie, the third division commander Sun Zhaoluan, the fourth division commander Liu Cunhou and the fifth division commander. Yin was appointed commander of Yichuan Army, commanding five divisions of Sichuan Army. Soon, Xia Zhishi, the chief executive of Chongqing Zhen Fu, resigned to study abroad, and Hu Jingyi became the chief executive of Zhen Fu. Except for Yin and Hu Jingyi, four teachers are all teachers and graduates of Sichuan armament school or leaders of the People's Army with close ties. In this way, the armament department, which almost controlled the leaders at all levels of the Sichuan Army, was established, and it was the only warlord faction in the Sichuan Army at that time.

★ The decline of the armament system

19 13, Yuan Shikai created the Song and Jiao Ren case that shocked China, and Sun Yat-sen decided to launch a second revolution to punish it. At this point, Yin had joined the Kuomintang, and Yuan Shikai was worried that he would join the ranks of begging Yuan, so he intended to foster party member Hu Jingyi, and Hu Jingyi also took the opportunity to take refuge in Yuan Shikai. 19 13 In June, Yuan Shikai officially appointed Hu Jingyi as the governor of Sichuan, removed Yin from his post as governor of Sichuan and appointed him as the ambassador of Kawabe. After the Second Revolution, Yin was imprisoned by Yuan Shikai, who was released from prison on 19 16 after his death. He followed Sun Yat-sen in revolutionary activities. After he retired to Chengdu, he amused himself by writing books, regardless of military and political affairs.

After Hu Jingyi became the governor of Sichuan, he carried out Yuan Shikai's will and suppressed the revolutionaries in Sichuan. First of all, he tried to demobilize Xiong Kewu's Fifth Division in Chongqing, which was composed of Kuomintang ministries. On August 4, he declared independence in Chongqing and showed kindness to Hu in the west. /kloc-in September of 0/2, Chongqing was occupied and Sichuan failed to fight against Yuan. Hu Jingyi took refuge in Yuan Shikai to suppress the Chongqing Uprising launched by the Kuomintang. He thought he could sit firmly on the throne of Sichuan governor. At this time, Yuan Shikai was preparing to restore the monarchy. Considering the opposition of Yunnan-Guizhou provincial capital, Chen Huan, a close friend, was sent to Sichuan in March of 19 15 as the military officer and governor of Sichuan. Hu Jingyi, on the other hand, was transferred to Beijing to participate in politics, and was named General Yiwu. Since then, he has lost power and influence. 19 15 At the end of May, he led Wu, Feng Yuxiang and Li into Sichuan and took control of all the affairs of the Sichuan Army and the provincial government. Therefore, the armament system of Sichuan Army has been seriously threatened and hit.

1916 65438+10. In October, the national defense forces led by General Cai E entered Sichuan via Bijie, Guizhou, and marched in an emergency. Liu Cunhou, Minister of Ordnance Department of Sichuan Army, announced to join the National Defence Force in Naxi, serving as commander-in-chief of Sichuan Army to welcome Cai Jun. On May 22, Chen Huan declared Sichuan independence and broke off relations with Yuan Shikai. Chen Hou was forced by the Sichuan army and the people of Sichuan, unable to stay in office, so he had to lead the army out of Sichuan. After the war to protect the country, the Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou army occupied a large area of Sichuan Province and important towns such as Chengdu and Chongqing. Sichuan Governor Luo Peijin pursued the policy of "weakening Sichuan" and suppressed the Sichuan army. The general of the Sichuan Army was deeply affected by the disaster. Liu Cunhou, the commander of the Second Division, took the opportunity to contact various departments of the Sichuan Army to seek to drive Luo. 1917 On April 18, Liu Cunhou led a siege of Luopei, the imperial city of Chengdu, and the war between Liu and Luo broke out. On April 24, Luo Peijin was defeated and withdrew from Chengdu, and the Beijing government removed Luo Peijin from his post as Sichuan overseer and replaced him by Dai Kun. After Liu Luozhi's war, the battle of Liu Cunhou's peace broke out again. As a result, the Qian army was driven out of Chengdu, completely annihilated and dead. 1965438+In July 2007, the Beijing government appointed Zhou Daogang as the overseer of Sichuan. Zhou Daogang and Liu Cunhou are the late leaders of the Armed Forces Department. After that, the forces of the Sichuan army's armament department once rose.

Shortly after Zhou Daogang became the overseer of Sichuan, Tang, a warlord in Yunnan, launched the war of Jing State in the name of protecting the law and led the Yunnan-Guizhou allied forces to attack Sichuan. 19 17 12.3, Zhou Daogang and Sichuan investigated Wu Guangxin's defeat and withdrew from Chongqing. Zhou Daogang led the remnants to defeat Yongchuan and Zizhong, and left the military from then on. On February 8, 65438, the Beijing government appointed Liu Cunhou as Sichuan overseer, redeployed the first, second and third divisions of Sichuan Army in Chengdu, and elected Xiong Kewu as the commander-in-chief of various armies in Guo Jing, Sichuan. 1965438+On February 20th, 2008, Sichuan-Yunnan-Guizhou allied forces invaded Chengdu, and Liu Cunhou and other departments retreated to Hanzhong area in southern Shaanxi. On February 25th, he was appointed Governor and Governor of Sichuan. In March, Sun Yat-sen officially appointed Xiong Kewu as the Governor of Sichuan and Yang Shu as the Governor of Sichuan.

19 18 after the war of Guo Jing, the late leaders of the armament department Zhou Daogang and Liu Cunhou were expelled from Sichuan one after another, and the armament department declined day by day.

★ Minister of Equipment Department

Yin (1884— 1953), formerly known as Changyi, was born in Pengxian County (now Pengzhou City) with the name Taizhao. 1902 entered Sichuan armament school and was sent to Japan to study after graduation. 1909 After graduation, he returned to Sichuan on 19 10 as the military chief of Sichuan Dulian Office. Later, he was promoted to the General Office of Compilation Bureau, Coach Office and Army Primary School Hall. 19 1 1 year 1 1 month Dahan Sichuan military government was established as the military minister. On February 8, 65438, there was a mutiny in Chengdu, and the military commander Pu Dianjun and the deputy governor Zhu Qinglan fled one after another. Chengdu was in chaos. Yin led his troops into the city overnight and put down the rebellion. He was promoted to commander-in-chief of Sichuan military government by Chengdu Military and Political Conference. After Zhao Erfeng, the former governor of Sichuan, handed over the Sichuan regime, he still led his troops to Chengdu to secretly carry out restoration activities, threatening the Sichuan military government. In the early morning of February 22, 65438, Zhao Erfeng was captured by the Yin command post, tried in the imperial city and beheaded. 19 12, the Chengdu-Chongqing military government merged to form the viceroy of Sichuan, with Yin as the viceroy. In July of the same year, he led the troops to the Western Expedition and put down the Kangzang rebellion in three months, and was appointed as the running envoy of Kawabe. Later, Yuan Shikai deceived him to Beijing and sentenced him to 9 years in prison for "losing public funds". 1965438+ Yuan Shikai was released from prison after his death in 2006 and has lived in seclusion since then. He is the author of Stop Garden Collection and so on.

Hu Jingyi (1878— 1950) is a native of baxian county. 190 1 year went to Japan to study, and after returning to China, he served as an inspector and teacher of Sichuan Army Ordnance School. After the Revolution of 1911, he took refuge in Yuan Shikai. In July 2002, he was appointed as the governor of breastfeeding in Sichuan, and in June 2003, he was appointed as the governor of Sichuan. On August 4th, I fought for Yuan in Chongqing. He mobilized the army to suppress and slaughter revolutionaries and more than 300 people who fought for the backbone of Yuan Jun. 1965438+In April 2005, Yuan Shikai was forced to hand over military and political power. From 65438 to 0938, he served as the first member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and was entrusted by Kong Xiangxi to inspect the mineral resources of Xikangning. After liberation, he was specially invited as the first representative of people from all walks of life in Chongqing.

Zhou Daogang (1875— 1953), also known as Feng Yong, was born in Shuangliu. When I was young, I studied in provincial academies and Chinese and Western schools. Guangxu twenty-six years (1900) was sent to Japan to study military affairs and entered the Japanese Army NCO School. Guangxu thirty years (1904), graduated and returned to China. In the 31st year of Guangxu (1905), Zhou Daogang was appointed as the inspector and military teacher of Sichuan armament school. The following year, armament school was changed to army primary school, where he served as inspector and teacher, succeeded as general manager, and was appointed as army standard 65. Xuantongyuannian (1909) served as an agent army for 33 years. The soldiers were strongly dissatisfied with the activities of punishing the league members. Then, according to the will of Zhao Erxun, the governor of Sichuan, Wu, a revolutionary among the soldiers, was executed safely, but was dismissed because of the opposition of the soldiers. At the beginning of the 4th year of the Republic of China (19 15), Yuan Shikai sent his cronies Chen Huan to supervise Sichuan. The campaign to defend the country at the end of the year. In July of the following year, Cai E served as Sichuan overseer and appointed Zhou as 1 division commander. In August, Cai E went to Japan for medical treatment, and the military and political power of Sichuan Province was controlled by Luo Peijin, chief of staff of Yunnan Army. Luo intercepted millions of Sichuan funds and occupied Chengdu Arsenal, which caused great dissatisfaction among the Sichuan army. On June 3rd, Zhou Daogang and others invited Sichuan Army teachers to gather in Chengdu, led by Liu Cunhou, and jointly called the Beijing government to denounce Roche. In June, the government of China sent Wang Wenwen as the investigation ambassador. When Wang arrived in Chongqing, he agreed to appoint Zhou Daogang as Sichuan governor. After Zhou Zaiyu was sworn in, he wooed the Sichuan Army, expelled the Yunnan Army, and secretly rejected the North Army, which led to the siege of the North Army, the Yunnan Army, the Guizhou Army and the Sichuan Army (the 5th Division). Zhou abandoned the city and fled, ending his career as a warlord. In the spring of the Republic of China 14 (1925), Yang Sen launched a unified war in Sichuan, and Zhou Daogang electrified the whole country in the name of gentry in Chengdu, calling for a truce and peace talks. In July, Liu Xiang was defeated by Yang Sen, and invited the leaders of various armies to gather in Chengdu for a meeting to deal with the aftermath. As a veteran of Sichuan Army, Zhou Daogang was promoted to vice chairman of the meeting by Liu Xiang. In the 30th year of the Republic of China (194 1), he was elected as a member of Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference, and in the same month 15, he was elected as a member of Chuankang Construction Period. In July of the following year, he was elected as a member of the third National Political Consultative Conference. In the thirty-third year of the Republic of China (1944) 10, at the National Forum hosted by the Youth Democratic Constitutional Promotion Association and hosted by Chengdu University 12, Zhou Daogang attended a speech as a member of the National Political Consultative Conference, demanding that the Kuomintang abolish the one-party dictatorship and establish a democratic Coalition government. In April, 34 (1945), he was re-elected as a member of the National Political Council. In the summer of 36 years of the Republic of China (1947), a rice shortage occurred in western Sichuan. Zhou was severely condemned by social groups for hoarding and died in Chengdu 1953.

Liu Cunhou, word product. Sichuan Jianzhou (now Jianyang) people. Juren in the late Qing Dynasty. He studied in Sichuan Ordnance School in his early years and graduated from the Japanese Army NCO Military School. After returning to China, he served as the head of the Southern Military Equipment School. Participate in the recovery of Yunnan. After the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911, Ren Chuan and Dian Army General Staff led two regiments into Xufu, Luzhou and Zigong saltworks. The Yunnan Army returned to the division, and the Sichuan military government was established. The headquarters was reorganized into the Fourth Division of the Sichuan Army, stationed in Syria and Luzhou. After 19 12, he served as the commander of the Second Division of Sichuan Army and the commander of Chongqing. 19 15 participated in the war to protect the country, and served as commander-in-chief of Sichuan Defence Force and deputy army of Zhaoqing Military Affairs Office. After 19 17, he served as Sichuan overseer. After 1923, he was appointed as the border inspector of Sichuan and Shaanxi and the inspector of Sichuan Army. After 1927, he served as the commander of the 23 rd army of the Kuomintang government. 1933 participated in the "encirclement and suppression" of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants in Sichuan. People call him "Liu". After living in the country of origin for a long time. 65438-0949, went to Taiwan Province Province as the national policy adviser of the "Presidential Office". He is the author of Yunnan Recovery, Protecting the Country and Sichuan Military Discipline, and Records of the Shu Army.

★ Main instructors and generals of Sichuan armament school

Gucang 1903 served as the chief teacher of Sichuan armament school.

Yang, a native of Ziyang County. He entered the artillery division of Sichuan Ordnance School and stayed as an instructor after graduation.

Wang Boqiao, also known as Wang Zhenjie, is from Zigong. Instructor of Sichuan Ordnance School.

Zhang Yi (Pengshan) is from Hubei. Sichuan ordnance school teaches.

Peng was born in Jintang (now qingbaijiang district Town). In his early years, Sichuan armament school 1906 went to Japan to inspect the military, and secretly joined the China League in Japan. 19 1 1 year, Peng served as deputy director of Tianjin Military Station in three northeastern provinces, acting as an agent for standardization work. 19 12 Peng assassinated Liang Bi with a bomb and died heroically.

Zhou Jun (Jishan), Chengdu people say Jintang people. 1908 as the inspector of Sichuan ordnance school. 1909 served as the pipeline and standardization of the 17th town of the new army. 19 12 served as the first division commander of Sichuan army. 19 13 served as the commander of the army's 15 division and commander of Chongqing. 19 16 as governor of Sichuan.

When Sun Zhaoluan was reading the notice, I read Grass Caring for People's Life and mcquarrie's Body to wish people a birthday: "Long-faced man", known as "General in White". General of the third town of Sichuan Army. Sun Zhaoluan, the third division commander.

Peng Guanglie, a native of Shuangliu Dongsheng Township, is a member of the League and a general of Sichuan Army. 1904 was admitted to Wu Bei School in Sichuan. After graduation, he worked as an instructor in Sichuan Army Primary School and joined the League. The Qing court formed a new army and Chengdu established seventeen towns. Peng was appointed as an officer of the 33 rd mixed military association in the 17 th town and promoted to the 58 th standard system (head) in the 17 th town. 19 12 is the commander of the Second Division of Sichuan Army. 19 14 went to Beijing to be a general in the general office. 19 18 returned to Sichuan and went to Beijing as the representative of Liu Cunhou, the Sichuan Army stationed in Beijing.

Chen Dekui. Graduated from Sichuan armament school. Director of Education of Chongqing General School. Chongqing General School is a military school attended by Marshal Liu Bocheng.

Wang, a native of Leshan, was born in 1886. After graduating from Sichuan Wubeitang, he studied in Japan and joined the league. After returning to China, he served as adjutant and team officer of Sichuan Army School. After the founding of the Republic of China, Wang served as the head of the regiment, the division commander, the commander of Chongqing police, the commander of Sichuan Fifth Road to suppress bandits, and the commander of Sichuan security.