Early life
Around the age of 20, Kong was admitted as a student by the county government. Later, I took the annual exam and was not admitted. However, Kong did not give up the idea of being an official. He sold his land and donated a "case supervisor" (Guo Zisheng). 3 1 year-old, in Shimenshan, north of the county, reading and writing, talking about the past and discussing the present. Kong paid attention to the rise and fall of Nanming when he was a teenager in Shimen Mountain. During this period, he learned from relatives and friends, extracted historical facts from various records, and prepared to write a legend reflecting the rise and fall of Nanming. This is the gestation period of the creation of Peach Blossom Fan.
In the 21st year of Kangxi (1682), 35-year-old Kong came out of the mountain at the invitation of Duke Kong to study genealogy and Quelizhi, to teach children of rites and music, to interview workers, and to supervise ritual vessels, so as to prepare for Emperor Kangxi's first southern tour to pay homage to Kong. The following year, Kangxi personally went to Qufu to worship Confucius. This is the first most striking memorial gift to Confucius since the Qing Dynasty unified the whole country. Kong Renshang was selected as a command lecturer, wrote lectures on Confucian classics, taught "The University" in front of Kangxi, and introduced Kangxi to watch Kong Lin's "holy sites". Because lectures and tour guides can be called purport, Kangxi promoted him to Dr. imperial academy. This unexpected favor immediately aroused his gratitude to the rulers of the Qing Dynasty. He was flattered by the "unexpected encounter" and prepared to "return a horse to a dog, with nothing else to ask for", which fully reflected the Confucian scholar's attachment to the new ruler.
Official creation
1684, Kangxi visited the south and returned to the north to worship the Confucius in Qufu. At the age of 37, Kong gave lectures at the command and was appreciated by Kangxi. He was awarded Dr. imperial academy and took office in Beijing. At the age of 39, he was ordered to go to Jiangnan to control water for four years. During this period, he almost traveled all over Nanming's hometown, made close friends with a large number of Ming adherents with national integrity, accepted their patriotic thoughts, and deepened his understanding of the history of the rise and fall of Nanming. He actively collected materials and enriched the creative thinking of Peach Blossom Fan.
At the beginning of the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), Kong entered Beijing and officially embarked on his official career. Before he could display his talents in Confucianism and economics, in early July, he was ordered to go to Huaiyang with Sun, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, to help clear the estuary of the river. Kong hopes to be a court official, which means "Tsinghua wants Tianjin", but now he is disappointed once he is next to fishermen and keeps company with seagulls and herons. Kong has lived in Huaiyang for four years, and he feels left home, imprisoned by officials and tortured. He witnessed the steep repetition of river regulation, the profligacy and corruption of officials, and the wailing of people's pain, and wrote more than 630 poems and compiled them into "Collection of Lakes and Seas". These works got rid of the bad tendency of early palace poems, entertainment and praise of saints, and profoundly reflected his understanding of the social reality at that time.
Huaiyang area is an important area of political and military struggle between Ming and Qing Dynasties. Here, Kongba stopped at the river defense place north of Nanming River. Climb Plum Blossom Ridge in Yangzhou, and worship the Shi Kefa Crown Tomb; In Nanjing, he visited the Forbidden City, worshipped the Ming Tombs, swam the Qinhuai River and climbed the Yanziji. He specially went to the Baiyun Temple in Qixia Mountain and visited the Taoist priest in Yiu Sing Cheung who was later written in Peach Blossom Fan. This shows that Kong is actively exploring the creation of Peach Blossom Fan. At this time, he also made friends with Ming adherents gathered in these places, including Mao Xiang, Huang Yun, Deng Hanyi, Xu, Gong Xian and Shi Tao, who were closely related to the political struggle in the late Ming Dynasty or did not cooperate with the Qing regime. They talk about the past and the present, and they get too close. Sometimes "everything they say has been changed", but they keep secrets instead of "being outsiders". The Four Years of Huaiyang is not only the deepening period of Confucius' understanding of reality, but also the preparation period of the most important ideas and materials for the creation of Peach Blossom Fan.
In the 29th year of Kangxi (1690), Kong returned to Beijing and began his official career in Beijing for 10. In the 30th year of Kangxi (169 1), Kong bought a famous musical instrument in the Tang Dynasty. In thirty-three years (1694), he cooperated with Gu Cai to complete his first legendary little Lei Hu. Based on Liang Houben's purchase of Lei Hu Jr. and Beebee Cheng's role as Lei Hu Jr., the work shows the anguish of a generation of literati and praises Beebee Cheng's unyielding rebellious spirit. The work focuses on describing the fatuity of the emperor, the hegemony of the vassal region, the domineering and conflict of the powerful officials and eunuchs, and reflects the corruption in the political affairs between Yuanhe and Cheng Zhikai in the Tang Dynasty. In the choice of historical materials, the script pays full attention to the authenticity of major historical events, and many characters and events are "spotted"; However, in the relationship between specific characters (such as Liang Houben and Beebee Cheng) and the development of the plot, a bold fiction is being made. This play is an exploratory achievement before Confucius wrote Peach Blossom Fan. It provides artistic experience for the creation of Peach Blossom Fan. In the first five years, he was a doctor of imperial academy, and in the thirty-fourth year (1695), he was promoted to the position of director of the household department, and was appointed to supervise the coinage of Baoquan Bureau. Thirty-nine years (1700) in March, the book of ministers in Guangdong wrote Peach Blossom Fan. At that time, Luoyang paper was expensive, which was not only performed frequently in Beijing, but also spread to remote places. Even the Chu land (now Hefeng County, Hubei Province), which is forbidden in the mountains, has a performance (Peach Blossom Fan). In March of the following year, Kong was dismissed from office, and in the same month, he was dismissed. "Those who have a thin life and keep their mouths shut slander" ("Rongmei Tusi Tian Shunnian sent poems to praise the legend of peach blossom fans, but sent them according to rhyme"). During this period, although he ended his life in the lake and the sea, he was always given a cold shoulder, and he could not give full play to Yan Guan's self-proclaimed ability to save time. During the period of 10, he wrote poems such as "The Draft of Shore Hall" and "Long Stay Collection" (co-written with Liu), and he always lamented that he was poor and accomplished. "It's still cold for ten years, and mango shoes are the only way to get through the door", which is a summary of his 10 officialdom situation. Undoubtedly, these sorrows did not shake off the feeling of personal career changes, but some poems deepened their ideological depth, such as denying the monarch's "nature", exposing the official struggle, and pointing out that "prosperous times" means "turbid times", all of which showed a clearer understanding of Kangxi's so-called gratitude in times of adversity, sinister officialdom turmoil and dark and turbid reality. So when he was born in Donglu, he pretended that "in Yan city, when a person sings, he doesn't scream", which shows his uncontrollable anger. After Kong was dismissed from office, he stayed in Beijing for more than two years and then returned to his hometown to live in seclusion. In the fifty-seventh year of Kangxi (17 18), this famous playwright died in Shimen, Qufu at the age of 70. He is the author of Little Legend, Hu Hai Collection, Antang Collection and Liu Chang Collection. ) co-authored with Gu Cai and passed down from generation to generation.
He needs to be attached to the ruling class and be grateful to Emperor Kangxi. However, because of frustration, he was dissatisfied with the ruling faction of the Qing court and gradually expressed doubts about Kangxi's "knowing each other." He hopes to apply what he has learned and display his talents. He is not ashamed to talk about official career economy, but he still maintains his own feelings and views on history and reality. He sometimes eulogizes the new dynasty and sometimes misses the motherland; Sometimes I am attached to the new rich, and sometimes I make friends with old friends. The complex national contradictions, class contradictions and internal contradictions of the ruling class in the early Qing Dynasty formed his complex and changeable ideological position. This is Kong's mentality when he was engaged in opera creation.
Die of depression
Nine months after the manuscript of Peach Blossom Fan was published, that is, in March of the thirty-ninth year of Kangxi (1700), Kong dismissed from office on the grounds of "mystery". The exact reason is unknown. Today, people speculate that the official's resignation may be related to the contents of the Peach Blossom Fan from the author's poems such as Song Zhi, "My life was suddenly hated and slandered by people who kept their mouths shut" and poems presented by friends. This inference has been widely recognized. However, due to the long performance time of Peach Blossom Fan, its publication has not been banned. Some people doubt this statement and think that the mystery has nothing to do with Peach Blossom Fan. The real reason needs conclusive evidence to find out.
At the end of the forty-first year of Kangxi (1702), Kong returned to his hometown and lived a miserable and lonely life. Among them, he once roamed briefly in Pingyang, Shanxi, Daliang, Henan, Wuchang, Hubei and other places, worked as an attendant, and finally died of depression in Qufu.
Character stories skillfully solved Kangxi's problems.
The stone tablet in front of Confucius' tomb in Qufu, Shandong Province was carved by Huang in the eighth year of Ming Dynasty (1443). Surprisingly, an unremarkable low wall was built in front of the tombstone, covering one third of the tombstone, only revealing "Dacheng Zhishengwen Xuangan" and not seeing the bottom of the word "Wang". There is a story about building such a wall:
In the twenty-third year of Emperor Kangxi of Qing Dynasty, Emperor Kangxi paid homage to Confucius Temple. Pigs, cattle and sheep have been placed on the table, the yellow carpet has been laid on the ground, the incense mist is curling, the candlelight is shining, and everything is ready. At this time, the emperor was in front, and the civil and military officials were behind, ready to sacrifice. When Kangxi went to the tomb of Confucius to bow down, he found that the inscription on the tombstone was "Tomb of King Dacheng" and he stood there awkwardly. Then, the sacrificial drum music sounded, and Emperor Kangxi frowned, still standing without bowing, and everyone was shocked. At this time, Confucius, the author of Peach Blossom Fan and the sixty-fourth descendant of Confucius, immediately understood the truth. It turned out that the emperor only worshipped the teacher, not the king. So he immediately called for a piece of yellow silk, stamped the inscription with the word "King Wenxuan" and added the word "Master" to make it the Great Sage. As soon as Emperor Kangxi saw it, he immediately began to worship. This charade full of dark attitude has been handed down. In order to avoid similar scenes, this low wall was built in front of Confucius' tombstone.
Kong Meixi is Kong Renshang.
Meixi in Rukong is easily associated with Kong, the author of Peach Blossom Fan. Is Kong Meixi Kong Renshang? Let's see if Kong has access to the manuscript of A Dream of Red Mansions.
Kong (1686) was ordered to go to Huaiyang with Sun, assistant minister of the Ministry of Industry, to manage the estuary of the Yangtze River in July of the 25th year of Kangxi, and returned to Beijing in the winter of the 28th year of Kangxi (1689). In the meantime, I met Mao Bijiang, an old man in the Ming Dynasty, and traveled to Nanjing and other places to collect information about Li He, one of the eight beauties in Qinhuai, as the material for the creation of Peach Blossom Fan. Kong may have known Wu's friends You Dong and Yan He at this time, and saw one hundred and twenty copies of Wu's Dream of Red Mansions. By this time, Wu had passed away, and the book Love and Hate had been renamed A Dream of Red Mansions. Kong, You Dong, Yan, etc. Have the idea of anti-Qing and regaining sight. After seeing the manuscript, they thought it would be better to change the title to "Yue Feng's Treasures". He also wrote lyrics for twelve songs in the fifth cycle of A Dream of Red Mansions. At the back of the song "A Life's Mistake", Jia Xu originally had an eyebrow criticism: "If you spill words, you will fail your own creation of the Northern Song Dynasty". Peach Blossom Fan was released in June, 38th year of Kangxi (1699). This batch of music was in the reign of Emperor Kangxi (1694) and Wu Jianian. Kong's talent in filling music was recognized by the society at that time, and he had the reputation of "creating his own northern music", which was as famous as Hong Sheng's southern music. Legends in Ming and Qing Dynasties are dominated by southern music, while A Dream of Red Mansions uses northern music alone, which is related to Confucius. From this batch, we can know that Kong not only inscribed the book title, but also filled in the music score. The flood control period of Kong is from the 25th year of Kangxi (1686) to the 28th year (1689), and Yan's addition or deletion of A Dream of Red Mansions is scheduled before the 31st year of Kangxi (1694). Twenty-five to twenty-eight years of Kangxi was the period when A Dream of Red Mansions was strictly added and deleted. Kong also commented on the text. We can only see one comment on writing. On the thirteenth occasion, there was Mei Xi's comment on writing: "You don't have to finish reading it. I want to cry when I see these two sentences. Meixi ".
From the above analysis, Kong coincides with the completion time of Kong Meixi and A Dream of Red Mansions, and also coincides with the comment on writing. Kong has another chance to contact A Dream of Red Mansions, so he can choose Kong Meixi as his pen name.
At that time, Beijing, the capital of the Qing Dynasty, achieved great prosperity in opera performance. Kong Renshang devoted himself to opera creation in his spare time. In the thirty-third year of Kangxi (1694), The Biography of Little Lei Gong, co-produced with Gu Cai, was performed in Jingyun Department, which was well received by the audience. In June of the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi (1699), the legendary drama Peach Blossom Fan, which he painstakingly created for more than ten years, was released. The play is based on the love story between a celebrity of Fushe and Li, a famous prostitute in Qinhuai. It widely and profoundly reflects the history of the demise of the Southern Ming Dynasty, and "writing the feeling of rise and fall through parting feelings" has attracted many readers and audiences with great artistic appeal. Princes and nobles competed to copy, and the Qing Palace and the famous Kunqu Opera Troupe competed to perform, which caused a sensation in Beijing for a while. Emperor Kangxi sent someone to ask him for the manuscript of Peach Blossom Fan. At that time, it was called "Nanhongbei Cave" together with Hong Sheng, the author of The Palace of Eternal Life. The following spring, he was dismissed because of a mysterious incident.
In the 24th year of Kangxi (1685), Emperor Kangxi visited the south and returned to the north to pay homage to Confucius in Qufu. Kong was praised for his "talking" and was appointed as Dr. imperial academy. So he embraced the political ideal of Confucianism, began his life as an official, and wrote an article "A Tale of a Mountain" to express his gratitude to the Qing Dynasty. But only one year later, when he was on a business trip in Huaiyang to dredge the Yellow River estuary, he came into contact with the dark social reality and gradually realized the corruption of official management. After returning to Beijing, although he succeeded Dr. imperial academy, he mainly filled his idle life with reading and collecting antiques. Use the creation of drama and poetry to express the repressed mind. Peach Blossom Fan was finally released during this period. Peach Blossom Fan absorbed Kong's lifelong energy. He said: "when I was an official, every time I planned to make this legend, I was afraid that I didn't have a well-known and honest history;" In addition to singing, only draw the outline, not decorate the seaweed. However, I like to brag to my close friends:' I have the legend of the peach blossom fan, which is still in the secret pillow.' And Somi Chang 'an, as well as the banquet of the next generation, is often associated with it. "(Peach Blossom Fan) During the period of harnessing the river, he lived in Taizhou and was also engaged in drama creation. The novel Peach Blossom Fan in Tan Zhi is quoted as saying: "Kong Dongtang was still working with Sun in Fengkan River Project and lived in Bizao Garden. The peach blossom fan is still singing when it is not finished, and every time it is finished, please invite the screen wall to enjoy it. "He and his friends have the same record. At the same time, I got to know Mao Bijiang, Deng, Du Jun, Shi Tao and other adherents, and got a lot of posthumous works and historical materials, which made full preparations for the finalization of Peach Blossom Fan. After returning to Beijing, after ten years of miserable management and three drafts, it was written in the thirty-eighth year of Kangxi, and the next year it was dismissed because of the disaster. Two years later, he left Beijing and went home with attachment and anger. " Tears reward bosom friends, and Song Sao asks heaven. I really don't believe in beauty "(Farewell to Mr. Wang Ruanting); "The poet is not a heartless guest, but a case of homesickness (Out of the Righteousness Gate): that was a confession of his mood at that time. I traveled several times in my later years, and the situation was quite depressed.
In addition to Peach Blossom Fan, Kong's drama works include Little Legend by Gu Cai. Lei Hu Jr. is a musical instrument in the court of Tang Dynasty. The Miscellaneous Notes of Yuefu in Duanan Festival contains the legend that Zheng Zhongcheng, a palace maid in the Tang Dynasty, was saved as husband and wife by Liang Houben, an old official of Prime Minister Quan Deyu, because she was good at playing small, and died voluntarily. The Legend of Little Lei Hu is based on this and based on the life of famous literati Bai Juyi and Liu Yuxi at that time, describing the struggle between literati and eunuchs. The theme structure is similar to Peach Blossom Fan, but its practical significance and artistic achievements are far less than Peach Blossom Fan.
Located in the tomb of Confucius in the cemetery in the northeast corner, there is a tombstone, which was erected in the thirteenth year of Yongzheng (1735) and engraved with the tomb of Mr. Dong Tang, the foreign minister of Guangdong Province, appointed by Dr. Feng Zhi.
Confucius asked about the old window of Qinhuai, the broken paper in the wind, the rotten sill in the tide and the broken eyes. Where did Dai Dai play the flute in those days? It's boring to turn off the lights and boats and stop the noise. Bai Niao is fluttering, green water is surging, some yellow flowers are flying, and no one can see the new red leaves. -Qing Kong's "Die Guiling asks Qinhuai"
Qing dynasty: Confucius
Ask the old window of Qinhuai, the broken paper is in the wind, the rotten sill is in the tide, and the eyes are broken.
Where did Dai Dai play the flute in those days? It's boring to turn off the lights and boats and stop the noise.
Bai Niao is fluttering, green water is surging, some yellow flowers are flying, and no one can see the new red leaves.
Writing about the scenery, the lyrical lonely city is surrounded by iron jars and mountains, and the extremely high autumn is located in Hui Hui. Seeing the Yangtze River rushing into the sea, the sky seemed to fly to the west. -Qing Kong Renshang's "Looking at the Great River in Beigushan" Beigushan sees the Great River.
Kong Renshang in Qing Dynasty
The lonely city is surrounded by mountains, and the top of the mountain is located in high autumn.
Seeing the Yangtze River rushing into the sea, the sky seemed to fly to the west.
The cliff meets the blue sky, and the breeze treats Jiao Ran. The ancient snow in the north of the mountain cannot disappear, and the spring warbler is lazy to the east of the temple. Why not cross the water by color? It's fresher to wear flowers on your sleeves. No more bitter than walking on earth, leaving feelings is also a waste of time. -Confucius sent people to visit Wutai in the Qing Dynasty and Wutai in the pastoral hall.
The cliff meets the blue sky, and the breeze treats Jiao Ran.
The ancient snow in the north of the mountain cannot disappear, and the spring warbler is lazy to the east of the temple.
Why not cross the water by color? It's fresher to wear flowers on your sleeves.
No more bitter than walking on earth, leaving feelings is also a waste of time. See more poems with holes >;