?
?
Problems and Measures-In recent years, the employment of college students has become a widespread concern in society. Influenced by international finance, the employment situation of college students is more severe.
First, the employment status of college students
The contradiction between supply and demand of college graduates is prominent.
Since the introduction of the enrollment expansion policy in xx99, the number of college students has increased rapidly. According to statistics, there were 5.6 million college graduates nationwide in 20xx, and the number of college graduates in 20xx exceeded 8 million for the first time. The number of college graduates in 20xx reached 8.34 million, and it is expected to reach 8.74 million in 2020. With the rapid increase of the number of college graduates, the social demand has not increased correspondingly, especially the effective demand has only limited growth in the short term.
Second, the reasons for the employment difficulties of college students
1. College graduates have outdated employment concepts, low quality and lack job-hunting skills.
First of all, college students' employment concept is backward and their employment expectations are too high. Influenced by the traditional view of employment and planned economy, there is a great deviation between college students' view of job selection and social needs, which does not meet the development requirements of socialist market economy. Many graduates believe that only by getting a job at a higher level and staying in a big city can we reflect the value of life and realize our ideals. A considerable number of graduates would rather go to big cities and developed coastal areas than work in small and medium-sized enterprises, grass-roots units and rural areas.
Secondly, their own quality is not suitable for the needs of employers. Some graduates have a high position on themselves and overestimate their quality and ability, but in fact they can't meet the needs of employers. Many employers don't want fresh graduates. They think that fresh graduates have poor sense of responsibility, low loyalty, lack of innovative consciousness and practical ability, and lack of professional ethics and professionalism.
Finally, students lack job-hunting skills. Some students are often insecure and nervous when applying for a job, and hesitate when answering questions, so they can't really show their strength.
2. The enrollment expansion policy has led to an increase in the number of graduates.
The enrollment expansion of colleges and universities is a strategic policy based on increasing the supply of senior talents, stimulating consumption, promoting economic growth and maintaining the sustained and healthy development of the national economy. But its short-term benefit is not ideal. Since the introduction of the enrollment expansion policy in colleges and universities in xx99, the enrollment rate of school-age youth in China has increased year by year, resulting in the increase of graduates year by year. In 20xx, there will be * *1150,000 college graduates nationwide, and by 2020, this number will reach 8.74 million. Such a huge crowd will inevitably bring great employment pressure.
3. The major setting in colleges and universities is unreasonable, ignoring the cultivation of students' comprehensive quality.
At present, colleges and universities can not effectively adjust their specialty settings according to market demand. Often the majors offered lag behind the development of society and cannot be adjusted according to market demand. According to their own teachers' conditions, the specialty setting is blind and can not meet the actual needs of employers; In other words, according to the market demand in the year of enrollment, it is difficult to grasp whether the market can fully absorb some students in a few years. This has become an important reason that restricts the employment of college students.
In addition, the neglect of students' comprehensive quality training in colleges and universities should not be underestimated. At present, colleges and universities ignore the improvement of students' comprehensive quality in talent training. Many colleges and universities only teach students some specialized courses, and pay little attention to the cultivation of other qualities, which leads to the poor practical ability and psychological quality of students and can not meet the social requirements, thus aggravating the employment difficulties of college graduates.
Third, the countermeasures to solve the employment difficulties of college students
The employment of college students is not only related to the healthy development of the whole national economy, but also related to the overall construction of a harmonious socialist society. To solve the problem of college students' employment difficulties, we need joint efforts in many aspects.
1. The government should improve the job market and create a good employment competition environment for college students.
At present, the employment market for college students is still in the primary stage of development, which is still immature and needs to be further improved in many aspects. Therefore, the government should strengthen the construction of the labor market system, further improve the competition mechanism and supply and demand mechanism of the college students' employment market, realize the optimal allocation of employers and college graduates through the supply and demand mechanism, and promote the rational allocation of human resources through the competition mechanism. At the same time, the government should further improve the laws and regulations on graduate employment, clearly define the responsibilities, rights and obligations of graduates, employers, schools and relevant competent departments, and form a relatively complete supporting policy that conforms to the laws of market economy and the interests of both supply and demand of talents, so as to make graduate employment legal, orderly and feasible and truly create a good employment competition environment for college students. In addition, local governments at all levels should proceed from the overall situation and long-term interests of the country, earnestly promote the market-oriented reform of social employment departments, actively promote the mutual penetration and information sharing of graduate employment market, talent market and labor market, break geographical restrictions, eliminate artificial market segmentation, dredge the employment channels of college graduates to various regions, industries and fields, and build a big environment conducive to the rational flow of talents.
2. Colleges and universities should change the training mode to train qualified talents for social needs.
At present, there is a * * * problem in colleges and universities, that is, the present situation of talent training can not meet the needs of the development of socialist market economy, and the setting of disciplines and majors can not meet the needs of society. University graduates are the terminal of university output? Product? The employment rate has become an important symbol for society and parents to measure the success or failure of a school. Therefore, according to the needs of current economic and social development, colleges and universities should take employment as the guidance in specialty setting, adjust specialty structure, optimize specialty setting, strengthen discipline construction, and improve teaching content, teaching methods and teaching means. In classroom teaching, colleges and universities should change the traditional educational concept and talent training mode. We should shift from one-sided emphasis on professional knowledge education to the track of cultivating students' quality and comprehensive ability at the same time, strengthen the cultivation of practical ability and improve students' innovative consciousness.
In addition, colleges and universities should strengthen employment guidance for graduates. Employment guidance for college students is to provide education, training, information, consulting and other services for college students who are about to find employment under the guidance of relevant national laws and policies, so as to promote the rational allocation of college graduates' resources and promote the prosperity and development of social economy. Colleges and universities should attach great importance to the employment guidance for college students from a strategic and long-term perspective and fully understand the significance of employment guidance for college students. Through employment guidance and services, help graduates scientifically analyze the market, objectively understand themselves and effectively eliminate them? Contradiction between supply and demand? . Through employment guidance and services, help graduates master certain job-hunting skills, be good at using market information and be good at the job market? Sell yourself? .
3. College graduates should change their employment concept and improve their core competitiveness.
Facing the increasingly severe employment situation, first of all, college graduates should face up to the reality, make a correct social orientation for themselves, have a clear understanding of their abilities, give up unrealistic ideas, lower their psychological expectations of job hunting, and make full use of various channels to get employment as soon as possible.
During their study in school, college students should pay attention to participating in social practice activities, do some work related to future majors or industries in their spare time, accumulate rich practical experience, make up for the lack of knowledge and experience, deepen their understanding of society, enhance their social adaptability and sense of social responsibility, and make preparations for better integration into and service to society.
In addition, college students should also plan their own careers. College students should start from their own reality, find out what they want to do, what they can do, analyze their own strength, value and demand, and then consider the feasibility. This is what is commonly called? Career planning? . As soon as college students enter the university, they should start their career planning and set long-term goals for their own development.
Problems and measures. An analysis of the causes of college students' employment difficulties
1. The employment of college students is uncertain.
Most of the reasons why it is difficult for college students to find jobs lie in their low mentality and unclear self-knowledge. Faced with numerous employment opportunities, college students can't find ideal jobs, and most graduates have an anxious, helpless and confused mentality. Although a considerable number of graduates will spend time and energy actively looking for employment opportunities, they will encounter this situation in the whole job search process: they failed in interviews many times during their school days, and even after leaving school, they still can't find an ideal job after weighing the pros and cons.
? The main reasons for this situation are: I feel at a loss in the face of the needs of employers and my position, I don't have a good plan for my career, I can't find a unit that matches my career development, and I don't know myself well enough. This is mainly due to the lack of career planning in the early stage. It can be seen that without a reasonable orientation and self-career planning, graduates will not only blindly follow the trend and fail in choosing jobs, but more importantly, their future career development and life prospects will be affected. Therefore, it is very necessary for both fresh graduates and college students to make a reasonable career orientation and planning.
2. The specialty setting in colleges and universities is out of line with the needs of social development.
At present, the main problems existing in the cultivation of college students in China focus on the shortage of majors, courses and personnel training. First of all, the specialty settings in some colleges and universities are too one-sided, which leads to the knowledge that graduates can't adapt to social development and meet the needs of employers. Secondly, the curriculum is not satisfactory. This is mainly reflected in the disconnection from the ever-changing social development and the backwardness of teaching materials and teaching models. The students trained in this way are far from the needs of employers in all aspects, and they can't match the jobs well, which also causes employment difficulties. Finally, the lack of systematic career guidance courses in colleges and universities is also a reason that cannot be ignored. At the same time, there are still problems of single form and insufficient effective time, which greatly affects the success rate of employment.
3. The supply of labor jobs is greater than the demand.
College graduates have to face fierce competition from a large number of people, such as unemployed people, people who have changed from agriculture to non-agriculture, and migrant workers, who have seized a large part of jobs. With the increasing number of job seekers in China's labor market, the growth rate of job demand of employers is far behind. The situation of surplus labor supply has existed for a long time in our country and cannot be changed overnight. These factors constitute the background of college graduates' employment difficulties.
Second, to solve the employment difficulties of college students countermeasures
1. College students need to strengthen their self-awareness.
How to position yourself accurately? First of all, be objective with yourself and know what you can and can't do. Secondly, we should have a clear understanding of the current employment background. In the process of job hunting, we should have an objective understanding of ourselves and make long-term plans for job hunting and employment. Therefore, in the process of job hunting, you can better plan your career and form a correct concept of job selection.
2. Fully adjust your knowledge structure.
Fully adjust their knowledge structure to meet the requirements of social development. Summarize the learned knowledge and readjust it, so as to maximize the role of professional knowledge. A knowledge structure that can adapt to social development is an important requirement of employers for posts, a solid foundation for career and an important guarantee for job seekers in the process of job hunting. For college graduates, mastering more knowledge is only the basic requirement for finding a job. At the same time, they should also strengthen their innovation ability and find out the right way from it, so that they can meet any challenge.
3. Plan your career.
After graduation, college students will face a complicated society. If you want to gain a foothold in such a society, you should not only acquire material things, but also show your own value. However, the reality is that most college graduates fail to make a correct orientation of their career direction and are very confused about what career they will pursue in the future. Many graduates do not consider their future career development, and often pay too much attention to the reputation and treatment of the unit when choosing a unit. Therefore, it is very important for college graduates who have just entered the society to make career development plans according to their own characteristics. Recognizing one's own position, planning one's career according to one's own characteristics, and listing the timetable in a planned way can avoid indecision and be swayed by considerations of gain and loss, and prepare for future challenges.
4. Actively carry out students' vocational training and employment guidance.
Colleges and universities should strive to improve the level of running schools and combine teaching with social development and national construction. We need to constantly change education to serve the market and meet the needs of social and economic development; In the specialty setting, we should also keep up with the market demand, optimize the specialty structure, make effective use of existing educational resources, and cultivate outstanding graduates who can be independent; To strengthen the development of vocational training institutions, we can seek cooperation between enterprises and schools; College students who have just graduated should also strengthen their communication skills, which requires schools to work hard on students' quality education and solve problems through the combination of courses and internships. Through the exploration of college students' employment guidance, a complete system is gradually formed to effectively help college students find jobs.
College graduates should know themselves objectively and give full play to their advantages. Mentally, we should put ourselves in a correct position, handle all kinds of interpersonal relationships well, and constantly enrich ourselves by constantly learning professional knowledge. As long as it helps to explore your own potential and develop your career, don't dwell on a high starting point and a low starting point.
?