Zhenglan Banner is high in the southwest and low in the northeast, with an average elevation of1.300m.. As the highest point of the whole flag, the altitude of Urqin Aobao is 1, 673.9 meters. The northern part of the flag is the middle-eastern part of the famous Hunshandake sandy land, which is a typical staggered Tuodian landform type. Sparse forests, shrubs and meadows are developed on the flat grassland formed between sand dunes, which constitutes a unique pastoral scenery with other grasslands. The southern part is characterized by low mountains and hills, which are the intersection of the low mountains and hills on the northern edge of Yanshan Mountains and the low mountains and hills on the southwestern edge of Daxing 'anling Mountains. A large area of grassland is distributed among the mountains. Hunshandake sandy land in the north and Jinlianchuan typical grassland in the south are the maintenance system of the ecological environment of the whole banner, and also the favorable barrier of the ecological environment of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.

In recent years, Zhenglan Banner has invested 503 million yuan in ecological construction, completed 2.58 million mu of ecological control, reduced the desertification area by 2.3478 million mu, and transferred 9,800 farmers and herdsmen. There are grazing grassland13.56 million mu and 756,600 sheep grazing units. In 20 10, the stock of agriculture and animal husbandry was 574,000. It has cultivated and built 13 leading agricultural and animal husbandry industrialization projects, built 26 industrialization bases and established 66 economic cooperation organizations. The per capita net income of farmers and herdsmen increased from 3323 yuan and 270/kloc-0 yuan in 2006 to 6385 yuan and 7007 yuan in 20 10 respectively.

Zhenglan Banner has grassland1472.10.2 million mu, accounting for 96.39% of the available land area. Among them, available grassland12,499,400 mu, accounting for 84.438+0% of the total grassland area. Since 1996, the number of livestock in the whole banner has exceeded one million in successive years, and the per capita annual income of herders has reached more than 2,000 yuan. 1256, Kublai Khan ordered Liu to build a city here. 1259 Guo Cheng was built and named Kaiping prefecture. 1260 In March, Kublai Khan ascended the throne here, taking Kaiping Prefecture as the temporary administrative seat. 1264, Yanjing (now Beijing) was changed to Zhongdu, later called Dadu, and was designated as the capital. In this way, the system of patrolling the two capitals was established. 1272, Shangdu began to build and expand. Every year from April to August, the emperors of the Yuan Dynasty visited the capital and went hunting in summer to deal with state affairs.

With the demise of the Yuan Dynasty, the capital of the Yuan Dynasty was destroyed by several wars and turned into a ruin embracing a huge civilization. In the Ming dynasty, Kaiping Wei was set up here to command and send troops to the field. With the decline of the Ming Dynasty, Mongolians returned to their hometown and nomadic production became the territory of Mongolian right-wing ministries. 1675, Bourny, grandson of Chahar Lidan Khan, sent troops to fight against the Qing Dynasty and died after being defeated. The Qing court incorporated the rest of Chahar into the Eight Banners sequence and set up a presidential system to rule. Zhenglan Banner and Huangbian Banner became the left wings of the Eight Banners in Chahar, and they were placed on this grassland and accepted the direct rule of the Qing Dynasty. During the Republic of China, it was under the jurisdiction of Chahar Province. 1945 liberation, and the people's political power was established the following year. 1956 eventually formed the existing administrative region.

With the deepening of the application for world cultural heritage in the ruins of the Yuan Dynasty, new achievements have been made in the study of the history of the Yuan Dynasty. Professor Sakurai Tomo May of Meiji University found an inscription in the Collection of rubbings of Stone Carvings in Past Dynasties (Volume 48) of Beijing Library, which was included in the book for six years (1256).

This monument was erected by Kublai Khan to commemorate the establishment of Kaiping County (later the capital of the Yuan Dynasty) before he ascended the throne. The inscription not only recorded the initial situation of Kaiping Prefecture in 1256, but also reflected the political issues closely related to Kublai Khan's succession at that time. This is the earliest known stone carving data of Kaiping Prefecture (the predecessor of the capital of Yuan Dynasty).

"Du Ji Jiji" monument is about 106 cm high and 6 1 cm wide. The inscription records the six years of Mongerhan (1256). At the behest of Mongol Khan, Kublai Khan, the eldest brother of the emperor, built a "wall" in Luanyang (now the north of Luanhe River in Zhenglan Banner, Inner Mongolia), which is consistent with the record in Volume 4 of "The History of the Ancestral Family in Yuan Dynasty". "When I was three years old, in March of spring, monk Zi Cong was ordered to be in the east, north of Luanhe River and Kaiping House in the city". 1March 256, Kublai Khan ordered Liu to establish Kaiping House in the east and north of Luanshui River.

In the inscription, the Mongolian brother Khan is called "emperor" or "emperor", and in the inscription, Kublai Khan is called "emperor's brother" and "king". Therefore, the writing time of the inscription belongs to the Mongolian Khan era, that is, before Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan ascended the throne.

According to the inscription, Kublai Khan began to build Kaiping House according to the order of Mongolian Khan. Soon after Kaiping House was built, Kublai Khan ordered people to send people to "Five Mountains and Four Disgraces for Golden Dragons and Jade Books" to offer sacrifices to the "God of Heaven and Earth" according to the old ceremony of Tang and Song Dynasties. This monument was erected by Kublai Khan when he sent his aides to the Qingyuan King Temple (Jidu Temple) in Shandong Province to pay homage to Yue Zhenhai's blasphemy.

In ancient China, whenever there was a major event, the Emperor of Heaven would send people to the "Five Mountains and Four Disgraces as Golden Dragons and Jade Books" to pay homage to the "God of Heaven and Earth". In the third year of Tianbao, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty (AD 744), he founded the river god as Qingyuan Gong, and in the first year of Kangding, Emperor Renzong of the Northern Song Dynasty, he was founded as Qingyuan King. The Jin Dynasty still named the old ceremony of Tang and Song Dynasties Yue Zhenhai Du.

It took about 1256 to 1257 years to build the monument of "Creating Kaiping House to Sacrifice Du Ji". The inscription emphasizes that the establishment of Kaiping County is based on the order of Mongolia and Han Ge. In the last part of the inscription, Zhou Gongdan's example of helping his brother King Wu to establish the inheritance of the Zhou Dynasty was quoted to praise Kublai Khan's achievements.

Apart from this monument, no other records related to Kublai Khan's construction of Kaiping House have been found in academic circles. Therefore, The Memorial to Du Ji in Kaiping Mansion is the earliest known stone carving material to record Kaiping Mansion (the predecessor of Yuan Dynasty). Shangdu Site in Yuan Dynasty belongs to the national key cultural relics protection unit, and it is the capital site of Yuan Dynasty in China. It is located about 20 kilometers northeast of Zhenglan Banner government in Xilin Gol League, Inner Mongolia, on the north bank of Lightning River. This grassland capital, founded by the riders in the north of China, is considered to be the product of the wonderful combination of farming culture in the Central Plains and nomadic culture in the grassland. Historians praise it as comparable to the ancient Italian city of Pompeii. Shangdu Site in Yuan Dynasty was built in the sixth year of Xianzong of Mongolia (1256), formerly known as Kaiping House. After Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan ascended the throne, in the eighth year of the Yuan Dynasty (127 1), the title of the country was changed to Yuan, and Kaiping Prefecture was called Shangdu, also known as Luanjing, which was the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. Every summer, the Emperor of the Yuan Dynasty led important ministers here to escape the heat and handle government affairs, so Miyagi was built into a garden-like detached palace. The whole city consists of Miyagi, Imperial City and Outer City triple city. It was burned during the peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

In history, Zhenglan Banner was once a gathering place, where Kublai Khan established his capital, and it was also the birthplace of Zhenglan Banner, the Eight Banners of the Qing Dynasty. Up to now, people can still imagine the prosperity and luxury of the Yuan Dynasty capital in Eurasia from the ruins of Yuanshangdu in Zhenglan Banner.

The ruins of Shangdu in Yuan Dynasty witnessed the outstanding contributions made by Mongolian people in the13rd century to promote the progress of world civilization and human economic and cultural exchanges, and reflected the brilliance and splendor of ancient civilization in China. The major historical events in Yuan Dynasty not only had a great influence on the development of China's history, but also played an important role in promoting the progress of world civilization. The ruins of the Yuan Dynasty are the precious wealth of all mankind. In the Yuan Dynasty, Shangdu was the largest grassland city in the history of China and the capital of the Yuan Dynasty. The ruins of Shangdu in Yuan Dynasty are like a huge museum of human civilization, showing people its past glory. Understanding and interpreting the capital of the Yuan Dynasty can not only gain a lot of knowledge about the history and culture of the Mongolian and Yuan Dynasties, but also understand the immortal historical contributions made by the Mongolian people and other fraternal nationalities to the establishment of the Yuan Dynasty and the establishment of a unified multi-ethnic country today.

On June 29th, 20 12, Yuanshangdu successfully applied for the World Heritage, and was officially listed in the World Heritage List, becoming the 30th World Cultural Heritage in China.