I. Mechanics and kinematics
The demonstration experiments of mechanics and kinematics mainly include particle kinematics and rigid body kinematics. For example, we can demonstrate Newton's second law, momentum theorem, energy conservation and other basic laws through experiments such as rolling ball and free falling on an inclined plane. In addition, the theorem of angular momentum and the concept of conservation of angular momentum can be explained by the rotation experiment of rigid body around a fixed axis.
Second, dynamics and conservation of energy.
The demonstration experiments of dynamics and energy conservation mainly include the motion and energy conversion experiments of objects under the action of force. For example, the process of simple harmonic vibration and energy transfer can be demonstrated through the vibration experiment of a small ball under the action of a spring. In addition, the inclined plane and small ball system can demonstrate the energy transformation and conservation between different forms.
Third, electromagnetism and optics.
The demonstration experiments of electromagnetism and optics mainly include electrostatic field, magnetic field, interference, diffraction and polarization of light. For example, the distribution and characteristics of electrostatic field can be demonstrated by Van De Burg equipotential line experiment. In addition, the double-slit interference experiment can demonstrate the interference and diffraction of light and explain the fluctuation of light.
Fourth, quantum physics and atomic physics.
The demonstration experiments of quantum physics and atomic physics mainly include atomic energy level, electron spin and nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. For example, the concept of energy level in quantum mechanics can be demonstrated by Zeeman splitting experiment of hydrogen atom level. In addition, the spin state and Pauli incompatibility principle in quantum mechanics can be demonstrated by the experiment of electron spin.
How to cultivate students' thinking ability and innovation ability in college physics experiments
1. Introducing question-based teaching: In the process of experiment, teachers can introduce relevant questions according to the experimental principles and contents, guide students to think and answer, and thus stimulate students' thinking ability and problem-solving ability. For example, in the double-slit interference experiment, students can be asked how to adjust the experimental parameters, how to explain the movement of interference fringes, and guide students to actively think and solve problems.
2. Open experimental design: Teachers can arrange some open experiments, so that students can design their own experimental schemes and steps, and then conduct independent operation and summary. For example, students can choose their own materials and tools, design and make a device that can measure the acceleration of gravity, and ask them to obtain more accurate data through experiments. This experimental method can cultivate students' independent thinking ability and innovative ability.