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A complete book of fire escape knowledge
Classification standard of fire protection grade standard
How to deal with the fire?
What was the cause of the fire?
The main causes of fire in students' dormitory and the correct prevention methods
(A) the main cause of the fire in the student dormitory
Student dormitories, especially university dormitories, are the main places for students to study and live, with dense personnel. In case of fire, it is easy to cause property damage and casualties. There are mainly the following reasons for the fire in student dormitories and other places:
1, open flame ignition. For example, lighting candles in bed, smoking in bed, or littering unlit cigarette butts, burning sundries in dormitory, improper use of gas, liquefied gas, alcohol stove, etc.
2, disorderly pull disorderly wire or wire aging, poor contact and fever easily lead to fire.
3. Improper use of electrical appliances. If the light bulb is close to flammable materials, it will catch fire if it is baked for a long time; Using electric heaters to ignite without supervision; Use unqualified electrical appliances to catch fire.
(B) student dormitory fire prevention
To do a good job of fire prevention in student dormitories, every student should establish a sense of fire prevention, understand the hazards of fire, consciously abide by the school's fire safety management regulations, and consciously do the following:
First, don't smoke in bed and don't throw cigarette butts. When people are tired, it is easy to fall asleep in bed, and cigarette butts fall on bedding or throw them on flammable materials, which is easy to cause fires.
Second, don't use high-power appliances such as electric stoves and rapid heating, electric heating equipment, gas stoves, alcohol stoves, liquefied gas stoves and other open flames in the dormitory. There are many flammable materials in the student dormitory. Using electric stove and alcohol stove, a little carelessness or negligence may cause a fire.
Third, don't connect the power indiscriminately. It is easy to overload the current by connecting the power supply randomly, and it is easy to cause a fire if unqualified electrical appliances or wires are used.
Fourth, don't light candles and read books indoors. When people are tired and fall asleep, candles can easily ignite mosquito nets and bedding, causing fires.
Fifth, don't burn sundries indoors. When the burning substance flies to the bed, or when the burning substance is not completely extinguished and people leave the room, it is easy to cause a fire.
Sixth, don't put desk lamps near pillows, bedding and mosquito nets. When the lamp holder is lit for a long time, it is easy to ignite flammable materials and cause a fire.
Seventh, people turn off the lights and power. Cutting off the indoor power supply can completely guarantee that there will be no fire.
Eighth, there are no inflammable and explosive articles. For example, some students brought alcohol back for experiments and hid it under the bed. If there is any dripping, cigarette butts may cause fire or explosion.
Fire safety knowledge in dormitory
First, the student dormitory fire causes:
1, careless use of fire, such as littering cigarette butts, igniting mosquito-repellent incense and causing other combustibles to catch fire.
2. Improper installation and use of electrical equipment, such as paper lampshade of incandescent lamp or too close to combustible materials; Pulling wires randomly causes short circuit and overload. , which caused a fire.
The most common fire is caused by students lighting candles and reading books privately after turning off the lights at night.
Second, how to escape after the fire.
Because the floors of school buildings are gradually increasing, the structure is more complicated than before, the personnel density is high, and there are more combustibles, so it is more difficult to escape in case of fire. Once the school building catches fire, you should follow the following methods to escape:
1. When you find a fire in the building, first of all, you should keep calm, avoid running around in panic, accurately find out the direction and mode of the fire, and leave the fire quickly in the direction of the headwind before the fire spreads.
2. In case of fire, if the corridor is blocked by fireworks, the doors and indoor ventilation holes should be closed immediately to prevent the smoke from pouring in. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel to prevent inhalation of toxic gases, wet clothes and avoid burns.
3. In case of fire, you can't take the elevator, but run to the bottom along the fire safety passage; If the fire stairs are blocked in half, you should run to the roof. At the same time, you can break the window glass of the stairwell and shout for help, so that rescuers can know your exact location for rescue.
Never jump from the window. If the floor is not high, you can use a rope to descend from the window to a safe area under the protection and organization of teachers and adults.
5, once the fire arrival dormitory, should seize the opportunity to put out. Common fire extinguishing tools are water and wet quilts. It is worth noting that electrical appliances should be powered off first and then put out.
6. The fire happened outside the dormitory. Try to see if the doorknob and door are hot by hand first. If you don't feel hot, you can lean your body and feet against the door, carefully open the door and observe the fire outside. If the smoke is filled, hot air forcibly enters the house through the crack of the door, or the hand reaches over the door and feels hot, you should immediately close the door, splash water on the door, and seal the door with wet quilts, towels and other items to temporarily prevent the fire from spreading to the house. If the smoke is not big, the heat above the door can be tolerated. Cover your nose and mouth with a wet towel, wet it with water or cover it with a wet quilt if necessary, and open the door with your head down to escape. If the door is sealed by fire, you can't escape from the door, you can only rely on the outer window and balcony. If the floor is not high, you can use sheets, curtains, clothes and other items to connect a lifeline, tie it to objects such as window frames and heating pipes, and slide down the rope to escape; You can also use leaking pipes to slide down and escape. Students living on the second floor can throw mattresses, quilts and other mats under the window as a last resort, and then jump off the building to escape. When jumping, you should hold the outer edge of the window sill or balcony with your hands and jump vertically. If you live on a high floor and use up everything in the room, it is impossible to have a lifeline of sufficient length. You should splash water on the door from time to time to gain time, wave or shout at the balcony or window with eye-catching objects, or use the existing length of lifeline to slide down to other floors for temporary refuge.
7. If the fire not only seals the door, but also the window is a sea of fire, all doors and windows should be closed, and wet quilts, towels and clothes should be used. Block the doors and windows, and at the same time, make phone calls, knock on the washbasin, throw things out of the window and other means to attract the attention of rescuers in order to be rescued.
Third, how to report the fire?
The fire alarm telephone is a special emergency telephone, and the current telephone number is "1 19".
How to report a fire alarm?
1. First of all, be calm on the phone. If it is an outside call, you can dial "1 19" directly. If it is a trunk phone, remember to dial the outside line first, and then dial "1 19" to call the fire department quickly.
2. Secondly, when you hear the "fire brigade" reported by the other party, you can briefly and accurately explain the following contents: 1, the name, address, unit and telephone number of the alarm person. 2. The exact geographical location of the fire. 3. Basic information of the fire scene: the object, type and scope of the fire. 4, patiently answer "165438+. At this time, remember to calmly answer the questions of the alarm station, so as to further verify the location of the fire, and prevent the alarm station from not listening to the location of the fire, and the fire brigade from arriving at the scene of the fire in time and delaying the firefighters.
3. When the alarm station says "the fire truck is coming", you can cut off the phone and immediately send someone to wait at the school gate and the intersection you must pass to guide the fire truck to the fire scene quickly.
Fourth, what should I do if there is a fire?
When there is a fire, if you catch fire, don't run, because running will form a wind, just like fanning a stove, the fire will burn more and more brightly. People who are on fire will run around and take the fire to other places, causing new ignition points.
When there is a fire, clothes, hats and pants are usually burned first. At this time, the most important thing is to try to take off your clothes, hat and pants first. If it is too late to take off, you can also roll on the ground to put out the flames on your body, or jump into the nearest pool, water tank, river and other water to put out the fires on your body.
Fifth, the wrong way to escape.
1, escape from the original road
This is the most common fire escape behavior mode. Because the plane layout and road exits in most buildings are generally unfamiliar to people, once a fire breaks out, people are always used to escaping along the entrance and corridor, and when they find that this road is blocked, they are forced to look for other entrances and exits. As everyone knows, the best escape opportunity has been lost at this time. Therefore, when we enter a new building or hotel, we must have a necessary understanding and familiarity with the surrounding environment and entrances and exits. Think about it in case something happens.
2. Bright lights
This is because of human instinct, physiology and psychology. In urgent and dangerous situations, people always run away in a bright and bright direction. Light and light mean the hope of survival, which can point out the direction and road for the escapers, avoid groping and make it easier to escape. At this time, in the fire, 90% may be that the power supply has been cut off or caused a short circuit, trip, etc. And the place of light and light is the place where the fire devil shows off his strength unscrupulously.
Step 3 follow blindly
When people's lives are suddenly in danger, it is easy to lose their normal judgment and thinking ability because of panic. When they hear or see someone running in front, their first reaction is to follow blindly. Common blind obedience behavior patterns include jumping out of windows, jumping off buildings, escaping (hiding) into toilets, bathrooms, door corners and so on. As long as someone takes the lead in front, followers will follow without hesitation. The way to overcome blindly following the trend is to know and master some knowledge of self-help and escape at ordinary times, so as to avoid going with the flow when things come to a critical juncture.
4. From high to low
As the saying goes: Man struggles upwards, and flames float upwards. When there is a fire in a high-rise building, especially in a high-rise building, people always habitually think that the fire burns from below. The higher, the more dangerous and safer it is. Only by escaping to the first floor and running outside as soon as possible can there be hope of living. As everyone knows, at this time, the lower level may be a sea of fire. Isn't it self-defeating to run blindly downstairs? With the continuous improvement of the modernization of fire-fighting equipment, it is wise to climb the roof or wait for rescue after taking effective smoke and fire prevention measures indoors when a fire breaks out.
Step 5 risk jumping off a building
When people start to find a fire, they will make the first reaction immediately. At this time, the reaction is mostly rational analysis and judgment. However, when the chosen route fails to escape, the judgment is wrong, the road to escape is blocked by the fire, the fire is getting bigger and bigger, and the smoke is getting thicker and thicker, people will easily lose their minds. At this time, people should not jump off buildings or windows. Instead, you should find another way to make a living. Don't blindly take risks to avoid falling into hell without going into the fire.
Summary of intransitive verbs:
Fire and water are ruthless. When there is a disaster, we must stay awake, adjust measures to local conditions, and properly use the method of escape and self-help to ensure our own safety.
Fire accidents are divided into several grades.
Fire is a production safety accident, which is divided into four grades. There were no casualties, and the loss of about 20,000 yuan was a general fire accident.
According to the Regulations on Reporting, Investigation and Handling of Production Safety Accidents
Article 3 According to the casualties or direct economic losses caused by production safety accidents (hereinafter referred to as accidents), accidents are generally divided into the following grades:
(1) A particularly serious accident refers to an accident that killed more than 30 people at a time, or seriously injured more than 1 000 people (including acute industrial poisoning, the same below), or caused direct economic losses of more than1100 million yuan;
(2) A major accident refers to an accident that causes more than 30 people to die 10, or more than 50 people to be seriously injured 100, or more than 50 million yuan1000, resulting in direct economic losses;
(3) A major accident refers to an accident that causes more than 3 people to die 10, or more than 10 and less than 50 people to be seriously injured, or more than 10 and less than 50 million yuan in direct economic losses;
(4) General accidents refer to accidents that cause less than 3 deaths, or serious injuries 10, or direct economic losses 10 million yuan.
The safety production supervision and management department of the State Council may, jointly with relevant departments of the State Council, formulate supplementary provisions on accident classification. The term "above" in the first paragraph of this article includes this number, and the term "below" does not include this number.
Extended data
According to the Regulations on Reporting, Investigation and Handling of Production Safety Accidents
Thirty-seventh accident units responsible for the accident, shall be fined in accordance with the following provisions:
(a) a general accident, a fine of 200 thousand yuan and 500 thousand yuan;
(two) a major accident, a fine of 500 thousand yuan and 6.5438+0 million yuan;
(3) In case of a major accident, a fine of 6,543,800+0,000 yuan and 5,000,000 yuan shall be imposed;
(four) in the event of a particularly serious accident, a fine of not less than 5 million yuan but not more than 6,543,800,000 yuan shall be imposed.
Thirty-eighth the main person in charge of the accident unit fails to perform the duties of safety production management according to law, which leads to the accident, and shall be fined in accordance with the following provisions; Those who belong to national staff shall be punished according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:
(a) in the event of a general accident, a fine of 30% of the annual income of the previous year shall be imposed;
(two) a major accident, a fine of 40% of the previous year's income;
(three) a major accident, a fine of 60% of the previous year's income;
(four) in the event of a particularly serious accident, a fine of 80% of the annual income of the previous year shall be imposed.
Main causes and preventive measures of dormitory fire;
★ Fire hazards in student dormitories and preventive measures
★ Fire safety knowledge of student dormitory.
★ How to escape from a fire in the dormitory?
★ Prevention and self-rescue of campus fire
★ How do college students avoid and prevent dormitory fires?
★ Precautions for Fire Prevention in Student Dormitory Fire Prevention Measures in Student Dormitory
★ Tips for dormitory fire prevention How to prevent fire in the dormitory?
★ How to prevent campus fires and how to deal with them correctly?
★ Q&A on dormitory safety knowledge
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