Sub-test: also called "sub-test"; The local imperial examination was presided over by academic officials in Ming Dynasty and provincial academic institutions in Qing Dynasty, including three stages: county examination, government examination and university examination. Only by passing the college examination can you enter the government, state and county schools, so it is also called the entrance examination. Candidates, regardless of age, are called Tong Sheng. "Zuo Yi Shi" refers to "trying", in which Zuo Guangdou accepted Shi Kefa as an apprentice (scholar), and Shi Kefa was twenty years old at that time. In "Promoting Weaving", "If there are celebrities in the city, fuck the boy's business" and "fuck the boy's business" means preparing to take part in the boy's test.
After having obtained the rural examination, it was held in provincial capitals (including the capital) every three years in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Because it is held in autumn and August, it is also called Qiu Wei. The examiner was appointed by the emperor. After the exam, the positive and negative lists will be released. The positive list is called Juren, and the name is Xieyuan.
Examination: An examination held every three years in Beijing during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Because it is held in spring, it is also called Chunwei. The examination was presided over by the Ministry of Rites, and the emperor appointed the president and vice president. Juren from all provinces and imperial academy's supervisor students can take the exam. Three hundred students were admitted to Gong Shi, and the first one was Huiyuan.
Palace examination: It is the highest level examination in the imperial examination system. In the palace, the emperor personally asked Gong who was going to take the exam to decide the first place. As a matter of fact, the emperor sometimes appointed ministers to take charge of court examinations without asking himself. Admission is divided into three classes: first class, third class, with "Jinshi Ji" as the title, the first champion (Dingyuan), the second, the third, Hua Tan; A number of dimethyl, given the name "Jinshi origin"; Among the top three, the first name is Chuanchuan, and the first, second and third names are collectively referred to as Jinshi.
And: refers to the imperial examination, and those who fail the examination are called the first and second places. "Sacrifice to Sister": "After more than three years, I will return to China with a palace brocade." In ancient times, Jinshi had to wear a palace robe in the exam. "Wearing Gong Jin" here refers to China Jinshi. "Sacrifice to Sister": "It probably means that Chang 'an has been admitted to the Ministry, and the letter will send news sooner or later. "It's another name for Ji, referring to the scholar who passed the exam.
Jinshi: it is the highest fame in the imperial examination. "Scholars" the seventeenth time: "After all, reading Jinshi is a game." Gong's participation in the court examination was recorded as the top three and was called Jinshi. According to statistics, in the history of China 1300 years, there were at least 98,749 scholars who passed the examination. Many famous writers in ancient times were literati, such as He, Song, Wang Changling, Wang Wei, Han Yu, Liu Yuxi, Bai Juyi, Liu Zongyuan and Du Mu in the Tang Dynasty, and Fan Zhongyan, Ouyang Xiu, Sima Guang, Wang Anshi and Su Shi in the Song Dynasty. When you pass the exam, as long as you pass the exam, you will be awarded an official position, and the rest will be awarded an official position after three years of study.
Champion: The first place in palace examination's imperial examination system, also known as Dian Yuan and Ding Yuan, is the highest honor in all subjects. In history, more than 1000 people won the title of No.1 scholar, but about 750 people were admitted to palace examination. He, Wang Wei and Wen Tianxiang, famous poets in Tang Dynasty, were all selected by imperial examinations.
Hui Yuan: Juren took the exam, and Hui Yuan ranked first, and Gong was tied with other candidates.
Xie Yuan: Students (Jinshi) take the provincial examination, the first name is Xie Yuan, and the rest are called Juren.
Lianzhong Sanyuan: The first place in the imperial examination is Yuan, and those who take the first place in the township, community and temple are called "Lianzhong Sanyuan". According to statistics, there are at least 16 people who have taken the Sanyuan in a row in history. Ouyang Xiu's Oil Salesman mentioned that Chen Yaozi and his brother Chen Yaosou both won the first prize, while Chen Yaosou won the third prize.
Ding Jia: It refers to the top three in the court examination: the champion, the second place, and the flower exploration, which are like three pillars, so it is called Ding Jia. The top scholar ranks first in Ding Family, so it is also called Dingyuan.
Gong: Gong was admitted after taking the exam.
Jury: A juror admitted after taking a rural examination. Jurors may confer the position of magistrate. After the Scholars wrote Fan Jin for the third time, he immediately gave him a silver and a house. Fan's father-in-law Hu Butcher immediately changed his face and praised his son-in-law as a "star in the sky", but Fan got the news and was ecstatic. It shows that the ancients in China can be promoted and made a fortune after moving.
Student: Just a scholar. See the article "Freshmen's Internship". Those who pass the college exam (children's exam) can be called students or scholars. For example, Wang Anshi's "Shang Zhong Yong" was "spread to a scholar in a township". In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Liu Xiu, Emperor Wu of the Eastern Han Dynasty, avoided the light and called the scholar Cai Mao. In The True Story of Ah Q, Master Zhao is called "Cai Mao Gong", which is an irony.
In the same year: people admitted to the same list in the imperial examination era called each other the same year. "Thrift training shows health": "In those days, you said,' You can't disobey what you pay'." "
Sinology: the pre-Qin school is divided into two categories: sinology and rural studies. Chinese studies are designed for emperors or princes, including Chinese studies and primary schools. The teaching contents of business schools and primary schools are mainly based on "six arts" (etiquette, music, archery, bending, calligraphy and mathematics), especially in primary schools.
Rural studies: relatively speaking, it refers to local schools.
Gong Xue, Xia Ji: During the Warring States Period, an institution of higher learning in the State of Qi was named after it was located under the capital Linzi Jigong. At that time, Confucianism, France, Mohism, Taoism and Yin and Yang all gathered here. They began to debate, comment on current politics and give lessons to students. Mencius, Xunzi and other masters have come here to give lectures, which is an important garden for "a hundred schools of thought contend" during the Warring States period.
Imperial academy: the educational administration and the highest institution of higher learning in China feudal society. From Wei and Jin Dynasties to Ming and Qing Dynasties, either imperial academy or imperial academy was set up, or both were set up at the same time. The names are different and the system has changed, but they are all the highest institutions to educate the children of princes and nobles. The students studying in this school are called imperial academy students and imperial academy students. "Zhang Hengchuan": "Because I entered the capital, I watched Tai Xue." Preface to Send Ma Dongyang: "Dongyang Ma has been in imperial academy for two years."
Imperial academy: See the article imperial academy. Imperial academy was founded in the Han and Wei Dynasties, renamed Guo Zi School in the Western Jin Dynasty and imperial academy in the Sui Dynasty. Since then, imperial academy and Imperial College have been called each other as the highest institutions with educational administrative functions. For example, imperial academy was established in the Ming Dynasty, but it was called "imperial academy" in the Preface to Sending Ma Sheng to Dongyang.
Academy: an independent educational institution from the Tang and Song Dynasties to the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It is a place set up by civil or government officials to gather disciples to give lectures and learn knowledge. The four famous academies in Song Dynasty were Bailudong Academy in Lushan, Jiangxi, Huashan Yuelu Academy in Hunan, Shigu Academy in Hengyang, Hunan and Yingtianfu Academy in Shangqiu, Henan. In the Ming Dynasty, there was a "Donglin Academy" in Wuxi, which trained a group of progressives who were not afraid of eunuch forces, such as Yang Lian and Zuo Guangdou, and was called "Lindong Party".
Scholar: an official in charge of academic affairs in ancient times and an official teacher. Such as offering wine, doctor, teaching assistant, promoting learning, studying politics, teaching, teaching guidance and so on.
Wine Festival: The chief education officer in charge of imperial academy or Imperial College in ancient times. During the Warring States Period, Xunzi served as a wine sacrifice in Jixia Xuegong for three times, which is equivalent to the current university president. Han Yu in the Tang Dynasty and Xian Cui in the Ming Dynasty (author of Zhong Wang Su Gong Ao Shi) both drank in imperial academy.
Doctor: It was an official name in ancient times, but now it is a degree name. During the Qin and Han dynasties, it was an official position in charge of books, classics and historical events, and later it became an official position specializing in learning or mastering an art, engaged in teaching and apprenticeship. Reflection? "Monroe Biography": "I don't want you to be evil for doctors!" Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Dongyang: "A teacher is a doctor."
Department: name of academic official. He is the deputy section chief of imperial academy or Business School, equivalent to the current vice president, and assists in the post of education discipline as the director of wine offering.
Learn politics: learn the official name. The abbreviation of "prefect learning politics" is an official appointed by the court, who presides over the college examinations in various provinces and supervises academic officials everywhere. Learning politics is generally held by imperial academy or a Beijing official who was born in Jinshi. "Promotion of Weaving": "I also invited students to the city." Learning production is another name for learning politics. Zuo anecdote: "Zuo Xiangzu, a public school in Gyeonggi." Refers to Zuo Guangdou as a Beijing scholar.
Professor: at first, it refers to imparting knowledge, giving lectures and teaching, and later it became the official name of scholars. After the Han and Tang dynasties, there were professors in schools at all levels, who were responsible for the specific affairs of school examinations.
Teaching assistant: the name of the academic official. He is an academic official of Imperial College or Imperial College, assisting Guo Zi to provide wine and teaching students through Guo Zi, also known as Guo Zi's teaching assistant.
Sheng: imperial academy students. Or was admitted to the school, or recommended by the local government, or chartered by the emperor, and later became a false name, you can get Guo Jianzi's qualification by donating money. The "fourth uncle" in Blessing is "an old student who stresses Neo-Confucianism", and the Jane Eyre in The Scholars is a typical miser.
Students: Students who entered the government, state and county schools after passing the examinations in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. There are proliferating, epiphytic, exuberant and typical students, collectively referred to as Zhu Sheng. Preface to seeing Ma Sheng off to Dongyang "Learning imperial academy today" refers to various supervised students studying in imperial academy. ~