Non-predicate verb and independent nominative: phrase, sentence (or sentence, phrase) When the phrase part has an independent subject and the subject is different from the sentence subject, this phrase structure is called independent nominative. Its most obvious feature is that the phrase part has an independent subject.

Absolute construction 1: noun (pronoun)+participle [present participle, past participle]

The present participle indicates active and ongoing behavior; Past participle indicates passive and complete behavior. When doing the problem, we should judge the relationship between the action and the noun (pronoun) to determine whether to use the present participle or the past participle. Use the present participle when a noun (pronoun) makes an action, and use the past participle when a noun (pronoun) is the subject.

1. Silver is the best conductor, followed by copper.

A tracking b tracking c tracking d being tracked.

Everything, the planned trip will have to be cancelled.

I've thought about it.

Cancel cancel; Cancel; Cancel. Cancel; The test center of Band 4 is the difference between present participle and past participle.

Absolute construction 2:with+ noun (pronoun)+participle [adverbial in sentence]

3. After the Arab countries won their independence, they attached great importance to the development of education, and both boys and girls could go to school.

Encourage, encourage, encourage.

And sum (equivalent to and); If you are encouraged, you will not take the exam.

The infinitive has the meaning of predicting future behavior. Participation will be encouraged;

Contrary to the predicate verb of the main sentence, engagement is encouraged; Engagement is encouraged.

If the phrase part has no independent subject, this phrase structure is called a non-predicate verb.

The structure of non-predicate verbs: participle (participle phrase)

The subject of a sentence determines whether the word segmentation in a non-predicate verb is active or passive. If the subject of the sentence acts, use the present participle; If the action is not made by the subject of the sentence, use the past participle.

1. No matter how often, Beethoven's works always attract a large audience.

A has been executed, b has been executed, c is to be executed, and d is being executed.

Perform vt. Performance, performance, performance;

What will be executed will be played; What is being executed is playing;

Some special verbs:

The first point: forget to forget; [antonym] Remember;

After these two words, an infinitive is added to indicate the behavior to be carried out; These two words are followed by the verb ing, indicating what has been done.

Note: Gerund and present participle have the same form, but different meanings. These two words are gerunds of the verb ing.

Forget to do sth. Forget to do sth. Forget to do sth. Forgot to do something;

Remember to do sth. Remember to do sth. Remember doing something. Remember doing something.

If we are in trouble, I remember to help us.

A once suggested b, he once suggested c, he suggested d suggested him.

Provide. Put forward, provide; Offer to sb. Something. Offer to do sth.

It is also correct to change the sacrifice to a sacrifice.