Every university in medieval Europe was established in two different modes: Bologna University and Paris University. In all parts of Italy, Spain and southern France, universities are usually based in Bologna, and students form a committee. They hire teachers and pay them, and they can fire teachers who neglect their duties or have poor teaching results or impose fines. Universities in northern Europe take Paris as a model. They are not student guilds, but teachers' guilds. There are four departments in this university-liberal arts, theology, law and medicine-and each department has a dean. Most universities in the north take liberal arts and theology as their main branches. /kloc-before the end of the third century, different colleges were gradually established within the University of Paris. At first, the college was just a residence donated to poor students, but in the end, the college is both the center of students' life and teaching. In continental Europe, most of these colleges no longer exist, but in England, Oxford University and Cambridge University still retain the joint organization model of colleges copied from Paris University. This kind of college constitutes various semi-independent educational units.