What do you think of notation?
Step 1: Take notes.
In notation, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 are used to represent seven basic tones. In order to express a higher pitch, you usually add points to the numbers. The more points on your head, the higher the pitch. In order to express a lower note, it is usually added below the note. The more points below, the lower the note. (Note: The symbol used to indicate the height of a note is called a note)
You can find the corresponding architectural exercises on the electronic piano. )
rest
In notation, the rest is represented by 0, while in mathematics, 0 has no meaning, so it is easy to understand as a rest. In the process of playing, 0 is silent, so there is no note of 0 in the instrument. (rest: the symbol used for rest is called rest)
Step 3: Round sound line and sound line.
Round tone line: brackets appearing on the same level are called round tone lines, and all the sounds in brackets are put into one tone, the length of which is the sum of all the sounds;
Legacy line: brackets appearing at different levels are called legacy lines. The sounds in brackets should be coherent and played in the order in which the sounds appear.
Simple notes
In the above picture, the sound length is the ratio of the sound length of the notes, and the notation is the representation of the notation in the music score. The longest unit of the whole tone is one, and the semitone is to divide the whole tone into two parts, and take one of them, which is half shorter than the whole tone. In music, half notes are faster than whole notes.
Careful friends will find that "note notation" and "rest notation" are similar, and the length notation of rest is the same as that of notes.
Step 5: Audition practice:
Read along with the sounds in the video and slowly realize the happiness brought by music.
Further reading
1, what is the notation?
Notation is a notation for recording pitch with Arabic numerals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7, which is known to almost all people who have read books in China. This notation was put forward by French monk Suetti in 1665. Later, Rousseau, a famous French philosopher and writer, improved it and actively promoted it. This notation is hardly popular in Europe because it is not convenient to record multi-voice and complex music. About 1882, Mei Sen, an American, introduced it to Japan while giving a lecture. It was used in Japanese schools in the19th century, but they stopped using it later. In the late Qing Dynasty, notation was introduced to China by students studying in Japan. 1904, the book School Singing written by Mr. Shen Xingong was published, which was all the rage. Since then, notation has been popularized in China. The author thinks that notation, as a popular recording method, has played and is still playing a huge role in the popularization and promotion of China music. However, because its notation has many limitations, and most countries in the world don't use it now, we should create conditions to popularize the staff in order to improve the music level and communicate with other countries in the world.
2, easy to understand symbols
Notation is a kind of notation. Because it is simple and easy to understand, it is very convenient in notation and reading, so it is widely circulated in China.
Simple symbols have their advantages, but they also have their disadvantages. For example, reciting a chorus is not as clear as the staff, and reciting a piano score is almost impossible. In the past, some people thought that notation was simple and unscientific, thus denying the important role of notation in real music life, which was wrong. It should be admitted that notation has made great contributions to the popularization and promotion of music. For a long time to come, notation will continue to play its positive role and serve the cause of socialist culture. Due to the lack of relevant information, it is impossible to accurately introduce the emergence and development of notation. Garin (1786- 182 1) and Chevrolet (1804-1864) in France; Glanville (1785- 1867) and Gewen (18 16- 1880) in Britain have studied and sorted out the notation system. The symbol of our country comes from Japan. This system is different from that of Chevrolet. According to the Chevy system, the short lines of eighth notes and sixteenth notes are added to the notes. However, when Japanese notation came to China, especially in the last decade after liberation, many changes and developments have taken place. Now, only the current symbols are briefly introduced as follows.
In the notation system, the relative height of sound is represented by seven Arabic numerals. The relationship between these sounds, except for 34 and 7i semitones, is full.
Mark: 1234567i
Singing: dorimifasollasido
Adding a dot at the top of the note means singing an octave higher, and adding two dots means singing two octaves higher; On the contrary, adding a dot below means singing an octave lower, and adding two dots means singing an octave lower. In order to accurately represent the absolute height of sound, key signature mark should be applied. The key signature mark is represented by 1=F, 1=G, etc.
In order to avoid adding too many points up and down the notes, in chorus and ensemble music, the method of up and down octaves is often used to record bass or treble. For example: tenor, bass, pipa, low Hu Yong and high octave notation; Bangdi and banhu were recorded in a low octave.
The length of a note is indicated by adding a short horizontal line behind or below the note.
Affixes are also used in symbol systems. But only to the quarter note. Longer notes, such as binary notes and whole notes, continue to be represented by adding short horizontal lines.
All bets with dots: 1
Dotted dichotomy: 1
Dotted line quartered note: 1.
Dotted line eight notes: 1.
Dotted line sixteenth note: 1.
The basic symbol of sound pause is 0. To indicate pauses of different lengths, you can mark them by increasing the number of zeros and adding a connection point to the right of the zero. The rest are commonly used as follows:
Complete rest: 0000 Appendix Complete rest: 000000
Two o'clock break: 00 plus two o'clock break: 000
Rest at four o'clock: 0 with four o'clock rest: 0.
Eight rest: 0 with eight rest: 0.
Sixteen-point rest: 0, plus sixteen-point rest: 0.
32-point rest: 0 (there are three horizontal lines below) 32-point rest: 0 (there are three horizontal lines below)
For pauses of several bars, you can use a long pause number. Write it on the bar, and the number above indicates the number of rest bars. A sound with only a length without a certain height is represented by X, and the length of the sound is represented by adding a short horizontal line behind or below X. ..
There is no clef in the notation system. Its pitch is expressed by notes and key signature.
The time signature in notation, like the staff, is marked by the music score, which is recorded at the lower left of the music name together with key signature, and the time signature is recorded after key signature. The name of the songwriter is at the lower right of the music name.
Speed markers and expression terms are recorded above the beginning of the first line of music.
In multi-part notation, bar lines are mostly separated, and each part is recorded separately. However, the bar lines of some instrumental music are connected according to the grouping of instruments. The bar lines of each voice should be aligned up and down, whether it is partials or not.
Pay attention to the spatial distance of notes when recording music, so that the distance between bars and beats is roughly equal, and write fewer notes within one beat; Write more notes tightly. For all kinds of notes smaller than quarter notes, the bass point should be recorded under the short horizontal line.
The rules of sound value combination in the notation system are basically the same as those in the staff. It's just that in the remake, not one note represents the whole bar, but the notes are grouped according to the single beat and connected by wires.
The combination method of rest is the same as the above situation, of course, connection is not needed.
Heritage marks are recorded at the top of the notes, marked by open brackets and numbers representing the heritage.
Transposition in notation is very simple, just change the key signature. For example, if a tune in C major is to be moved up two degrees, change 1=C to1= d.
In notation, only three phonetic symbols are used: ascending (#), descending (b) and reduction, but ascending (×) and descending (bb) are not used. In the notation system, long-term tone sandhi is marked by key tone sandhi instead of temporary tone sandhi. The decorative phonetic symbols, ellipsis, velocity scale and speed scale used in staff are basically suitable for simple music. In order to avoid the confusion of points representing staccato and treble, staccato is represented by ▽ or ▼ in simple spectrum.
Short leaning notes are marked with small sixteen or eighteen tones, written on the upper left or right of the tonic, and connected with the modified tonic by connecting lines.
Like the staff, the prelude, opening and ending are marked with small notes, and some are enclosed in brackets.
When writing a chord, the short horizontal line below the note is only written on the lowest note.
At present, there is not a complete system about the notation of music score, and what I said above is only the most common knowledge in music score, which is not comprehensive.
3. Where is the staff better than the simple staff?
Staff is the notation used by most music in the world at present. His history is quite long, which can be traced back to the four lines of the eleventh century. However, the present system was decided in16th century.
However, notation started late, and17th century appeared in France. After many improvements, it was not until the19th century that its specifications were gradually finalized. Then spread to Japan, and then spread to China. In fact, it was probably the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China.
At present, the places where there are people from China are probably used the most. Besides national music, Chinese mainland's pop songs, guitars and even some choruses use notation.
For most people who study China music in their spare time, notation is the first way to get started. However, if the students in the music class are in primary schools, some of them use the staff directly without notation. If it is bigger, it may be both.
Therefore, in my experience, some people can only read the music, and if they get the staff, they have to turn it over to understand it; Some people can only read the staff, and they will be confused when singing a melody with him; Some people can watch both, but one of them is faster and more accurate.
The first kind of people are mostly people in general clubs, the second kind are people in primary school music classes, and the third kind is people like us who have more needs for playing or are more concerned in clubs.
Some people support the staff and don't even know what the notation is. There are many people. Some people support notation, thinking that notation is easy to learn and popularize, and there is nothing that notation can't do.
The process of watching music by myself:
Here, I will talk about my personal experience and views. Maybe it can be a reference for people with similar musical background to me.
I've been exposed to China music since high school, that is, reading musical notation. Later, I came to the university, worked part-time in Gaocheng and the countryside, worked in the opera industry, and also looked at the music score.
But in the meantime, I bought a flute and began to try to read music.
After leaving the army, he returned to Kaohsiung and was admitted to the orchestra as a tenor suona player. Because the tonality of the alto suona is the same as that of the flute, there are many similarities in fingering except for a few sounds, so I try to read the line spectrum slowly after turning over the spectrum every day. Start with a simple piece of music, and after the staff is handed down, first resist the impulse to translate it into a simple piece of music. When the conductor starts to play the baton, he can watch the music and play directly.
Of course, there are always some places that are difficult, so I translated the places that I really didn't have time to read the music into simple music and recorded them in C key.
In this way, I gradually became familiar with it and forced myself to read the music. After a few months, most of the music can be read directly, and I am free from the tense and busy situation that I have to translate every time I send a pile of music.
Later, with the use of musical instruments and the need for the orchestra to copy music and arrange music, it gradually began to look at various clefs (treble, alto and bass). To tell the truth, there are four or five kinds of commonly used musical instruments (not counting the different tonality of the same instrument), and each musical instrument has to recite six or eight simple fingerings and two or three line fingerings, adding up to at least fifty or sixty fingerings, which is really a headache.
So sometimes mistakes are inevitable. However, with the different degree of common use, the probability of error is also different. Basically, the fewer musical instruments you change, the more key signature you use, the less temporary marks you have, and the lower the chance of making mistakes.
Other musical instruments:
In fact, I admire people who play the flute. It's really amazing to change the flute and read the music. If we look at the concept of transposed instruments such as French horn and clarinet, the score itself should be tuned. In other words, the score records which key instrument is used. After changing the instrument, the player should continue to play with the same fingering, and the score must be transposed in advance.
Therefore, the conductor of western orchestral music must have strong reading ability and organize the different tone sandhi parts of the total score back to their original positions. In contrast, for the transposed instruments, the score of China's music has not been transposed, and some even use clef at will, resulting in a burden outside the performance post. For example, many Chinese musical instruments, called alto, use treble clef to record the actual pitch, instead of using alto clef when listening to the name. Some musical instruments have a high range, but they still use the actual pitch notation, and there is no inversion (low octave) notation, so it is difficult to read the music.
It can be seen that, although the use of music score is a common way adopted by professional orchestras at present, there is no uniform standard for music score in China music circle, and players must spend extra energy to solve these problems.
Transposed wind instruments, such as flute and traditional suona, all have the above-mentioned problems when using line scores. As for other musical instruments, they are usually fixed phonemes (dulcimer, sheng) and fixed strings (mostly plucked), so there are fewer problems.
Method for distinguish left and right hands by two-hand symbol
The notation of piano notation, like the notation of staff, is divided into high and low lines. Generally speaking, the upper line is the treble score table, which is usually the main melody part of the music, and the lower line is the bass score table, which is the chord accompaniment part of the music (some polyphonic works will have three or more score tables).
The main melody part of music (that is, the top line) is usually played by the right hand; The chord accompaniment part (the next line) of a piece of music is usually played with the left hand. However, this is not absolutely immutable. Because of the need of music performance, it is also common that the main melody of music moves to the left bass part, or it is not uncommon that the left and right hands cross the tune on the same line of music. In this case, usually the composer will make a sign to play with his left hand or right hand in the changing place, such as M.D. for the right hand, M.S. for the left hand and so on.