A: Michael Porter's Five Forces Theory, which includes the bargaining power of competitors and suppliers in the same industry, the bargaining power of buyers, the threat of potential entrants and the threat of substitutes.

Michael Porter's three strategies, Porter believes that there are three successful strategic ideas in the struggle with five competitive forces, namely: 1. Total cost leading strategy; 2. Differentiation strategy; 3. Specialization strategy. Porter believes that the goal of these strategic types is to make the operation of enterprises in an advantage in industry competition: in some industries, this means that enterprises can get higher returns; In other industries, the success of a strategy may only be a necessary condition for enterprises to obtain certain absolute benefits. Sometimes enterprises may pursue more than one basic goal, but Porter thinks this is unlikely to happen. Because the implementation of any strategy usually requires all-out efforts and an organizational arrangement to support this strategy. If an enterprise has more than one basic goal, these resources will be dispersed.