2. Lincoln Lab) 3 MIT 3. University of California Los Alamos National Laboratory.
4. Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL).
5. Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of California Institute of Technology.
The Jet Propulsion Laboratory is a subsidiary of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) in Pasadena, California. It is responsible for developing and managing NASA's unmanned space exploration mission. 6. Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL).
7. Argonne National Laboratory (ANL)
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1, German Federal Institute for Technical Physics (PTB).
Founded in 1884, the original name is Physikalisch Technsche Reichsanstalt (PTR), which is equivalent to the German National Bureau of Metrology and is famous for accurately measuring thermal radiation. /kloc-At the end of 0/9th century, researchers in this institute devoted themselves to the study of blackbody radiation, which led Planck to discover the action quantum. It can be said that this laboratory is the birthplace of quantum theory.
Speaking of this laboratory, we should introduce two important figures in the history of physics.
The first is Wayne William Wayne, winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics (1864- 19 1). He is the theoretical leader of the laboratory and has worked here for nearly ten years. His main contribution is to discover several important laws of thermal radiation.
The second place is 19 18 Nobel Prize winner Planck. The energy level he discovered made a great contribution to the progress of physics. He is an important academic leader who works in the laboratory after Wayne.
2. British National Physics Laboratory.
The British National Physics Laboratory is a long-standing research center of measurement standards in Britain, which was established in 1900.
The year of 198 1 is divided into six departments: electrical science, material application, mechanics and optical metrology, numerical analysis and computer science, quantum metrology, radiation science and acoustics.
As a measurement center of highly industrialized countries, it has extensive daily contact with national industries, government departments and commercial institutions, and as a national representative institution, it has contact with international organizations and national measurement centers. It also advises the government on environmental protection issues, such as noise, electromagnetic radiation and air pollution. There are about 1 1,000 scientific and technical personnel in the National Physics Laboratory of the United Kingdom, with the highest number of 1 and 1 1,800 in 1969.
3. European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN).
Established in 1954, CERN is the largest international experimental organization. Its establishment, principles, organization, topic selection, funding and implementation of research plan are all very distinctive. 1983, W and Z0 particles were found here. The following year, two physicists in the center, Lu Biya and Vandermeyer, won the Nobel Prize in physics.
CERN was initiated by UNESCO and planned by 1 1 European countries from 195 1. Now it has 26 member countries. The funds are shared by member States, and the director is appointed by the Council for a term of five years. Under the management committee, research committee and experimental committee, the organization is lean and well managed. There are 9,000 researchers, most of whom are recruited. This is a purely scientific physical research institution, which aims to explore the question "What was the most basic thing at the beginning of the universe?" It is also one of the largest scientific laboratories in the world today. More than 6,000 physicists from more than 80 countries around the world, including China, have worked here.
This research center has two international research institutes for world-renowned groups of scientists to study the structure and theory of subnuclear nuclei. The first research institute is equipped with a synchrocyclotron with 600 million electron volts and a proton synchrotron with 28 billion electron volts. The second research institute is next to the first research institute, which is equipped with a new proton synchrotron with a circumference of about 7 kilometers.
In addition to many advanced and expensive experimental equipment, the research center also has a library and publishes CERN Messenger (monthly) and scientific reports. Due to its complete facilities, excellent service and the hard work of scientists, CERN has made some remarkable achievements in the field of particle physics research, thus becoming a veritable nuclear research center.
Over the past decades, the research center has successively built proton synchrocyclotron, proton synchrotron, cross storage ring (ISR), superproton synchrotron (SPS) and large electron-positron collider (LEP), and has the largest hydrogen bubble chamber (BEBL) in the world.
4. Paul Scheler Institute, Switzerland.
The Paul Scheler Institute in Switzerland is a multidisciplinary research center of Swiss science and technology. PSI cooperates with universities, other research institutions and industries at home and abroad, and is very active in solid-state physics, material science, elementary particle physics, life science, nuclear and non-nuclear energy research and energy-related ecological research.
PSI is the largest national research institution in Switzerland, with 1200 employees, and it is also the only institution of its kind in Switzerland.
PSI research focuses on basic research and applied research, especially in areas related to sustainable development and areas that are of great significance to education and training, but beyond the capabilities of individual departments of universities.
The development and operation of PSI requires a particularly high standard of technical knowledge, experience and professional and complex research facilities. With large-scale scientific devices such as spallation neutron source and Swiss light source (SLS), it is one of the main user laboratories in the world scientific community. Through its research, PSI has gained new basic knowledge and actively promoted its application in industry.