Kangda 2007-02- 16 16:27 The world-famous Kangda is the predecessor of National Defense University. This glorious banner fluttered in the bonfire of anti-Japanese war and made an indelible historical contribution to the victory of Chinese nation War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. As early as 194 1, Comrade Deng Xiaoping pointed out that "War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression has become the locomotive of the anti-Japanese army". Today, it is of great practical significance to review days of our lives in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and carry forward the glorious tradition of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression for faithfully fulfilling the sacred mission shouldered by our army in the new century and new stage.
The outstanding patriotic tradition of anti-Congress is the spiritual pillar for us to accomplish our new mission.
The Anti-Japanese National Congress held the banner of resisting Japan and saving the nation. On the eve of the full-scale outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, which decided the fate of the people in China, the CPC Central Committee headed by Mao Zedong was far-sighted and made a strategic decision to establish the Anti-Japanese Red Army University and train cadres on a large scale. 1936 In June, shortly after the Long March of the Central Red Army arrived in northern Shaanxi, "China People's Anti-Japanese Red Army University" was established in Wayaobao, northern Shaanxi. The establishment of the Anti-Japanese War, like a spring thunder, awakened the sleeping land of China, became a glorious banner to unite the anti-Japanese war forces and inspire the belief of victory in the bonfire of the anti-Japanese war, and raised the dawn of victory in the hearts of the people of the whole country to save the nation from peril. With the development of the situation, the Central Military Commission changed "China People's Anti-Japanese Red Army University" from 1937 to 1 and renamed it "China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University".
"Resist big, resist big, and the more resistant, the bigger it is." Driven by the climax of the anti-Japanese national salvation movement led by China * * * Production Party, groups of enthusiastic young people and patriotic intellectuals, full of enthusiasm for resisting Japan and saving the country, gave up superior living conditions, risked their lives, bravely broke through the blockade of Japanese aggressors and Kuomintang die-hards and came all the way to Kangda to seek the truth of resisting Japan and saving the country and explore the road of national liberation. Countless patriotic young men and women from the north and south of the great river, inside and outside the Great Wall, carrying simple clothes and singing songs to resist Japan and save the country, went to Yan' an day and night and entered Kangda. From1July 1937 to1June 1939, more than half of the more than 30,000 young students accepted by Yan 'an entered the anti-university study. Dr. Ke Dihua, an international friend, could not help admiring this scene: "Miracle, miracle, this is the Jerusalem of China in the 20th century!"
Under the correct leadership of China * * * Production Party, Kangda became a fighting fortress for forging the pioneers of the whole nation against Japan. Mao Zedong pointed out: "Kangda is famous all over the country and even the world because it is the most revolutionary and progressive than other military schools, and it can strive for national liberation and social liberation", while "Kangda is revolutionary and progressive because its teaching staff, teachers and courses are revolutionary and progressive, and because its students are revolutionary and progressive". That's exactly what happened. Shortly after its establishment, the Anti-Japanese University trained young intellectuals and patriotic overseas Chinese from all over the country and became the backbone of the anti-Japanese struggle for national liberation and social progress wholeheartedly. Kangda enjoys a high reputation not only in China, but also internationally. Smedley, Bethune, Ke Dihua, Ma, Miller, Alley and other international friends, as well as the delegation of the World Federation of Students visited Kangda, and many people also asked Kangda to accept them as honorary students.
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's glorious tradition of patriotism is a powerful spiritual pillar for our army to fulfill its historical mission in the new century and new stage. Standing at the strategic height of the development of the times, President Hu proposed that the army should provide an important strength guarantee for the party to consolidate its ruling position, provide a strong security guarantee for safeguarding the important strategic opportunity period of national development, provide a strong strategic support for safeguarding national interests, play an important role in safeguarding world peace and promoting common development, and give our army a distinct connotation of the times. Facing the new mission, we should thoroughly study the patriotic tradition of resisting power, always hold high the great banner of patriotism, vigorously carry forward the great national spirit with patriotism as the core with a high sense of political responsibility, and make due contributions to the great cause of the reunification of the motherland; It is necessary to thoroughly study the sense of responsibility of holding high the banner of the war of resistance against Japan, actively exploring the truth of resisting Japan and saving the nation, and taking saving the nation from peril as its own responsibility, always pay attention to the future and destiny of the party and the country, always safeguard the fundamental interests of the country and the nation, and constantly enhance political awareness and overall awareness; It is necessary to thoroughly study the forward-looking thinking and strategic thinking of resisting changes in the international situation and making decisive strategic decisions, be good at focusing on the international strategic pattern, the overall interests of the country and the overall military strategy, make overall plans for military reform and construction, and strive to build a military force commensurate with China's status.
The role of "big school, melting pot" played by anti-universities is a vivid model for us to fulfill our new mission.
After the political line is determined, cadres are the decisive factor. In order to win the victory of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, Kangda undertook the glorious mission of training a large number of anti-Japanese backbones for the national liberation war. Kangda Phase I enrolled 1065 students, including 38 cadres at or above the division level of the Red Army. Luo Ronghuan and Luo Ruiqing are both students and leading cadres. When the second phase of Kangda started, only the undergraduate department had 14 teams and 1300 students. 1In April, 938, the fourth semester of Kangda started, and the number of students soared to more than 5,500, including more than 900 cadres sent by the Eighth Route Army, the New Fourth Army and the White Area Underground Party. Since then, the number of anti-college students has been increasing, and more than 10 branches have been opened. East to the coast of the East China Sea and west to the northwest plateau, anti-flags are flying everywhere; North and south of the great river, inside and outside the Great Wall, anti-big songs echoed everywhere.
Kangda is a veritable highest military and political institution. Mao Zedong not only personally served as the chairman of Kangda Education Committee, but also often gave lectures to Kangda. Immortal masterpieces such as "Strategic Issues of China Revolutionary War" and "On Protracted War" are all from his lectures in Kangda. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De is also a faculty member of Kangda University, who personally teaches Kangda University. /kloc-In the past 0/0 years, Kangda has trained more than 654.38+10,000 outstanding military and political cadres with both ability and political integrity for the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army, laying a solid organizational foundation and a reliable talent guarantee for winning the great victory in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Comrade Deng Xiaoping once praised the anti-Great War: "Thousands of revolutionary youths have been trained against the Great Furnace and sent to the forefront of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in batches, and their anti-Great War power has been shown in every corner of the country. The role played by tens of thousands of cadres in all aspects is immeasurable. " A large number of outstanding military and political cadres trained in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression have become * * * and national generals.
Kangda, a "big school, melting pot", is a vivid teaching material for us to complete our new mission in the new century and new stage. We should learn from the experience and practice of running schools and educating people, and firmly establish the concept of "drawing the talent training project with combat effectiveness standards and designing the talent training model with new mission requirements"; Learn to resist the big, adhere to the fine tradition of "famous teachers running schools and learning from famous teachers", explore the characteristics and laws of the growth of famous teachers in the information age, and create a phalanx of famous teachers who have spawned high-quality new military talents; Learn the school-running goal and style of "what kind of talents are needed for war" and enrich the talent quality model according to the requirements of "four skills" and "three qualities" put forward by President Hu. It is necessary to insist on enhancing political quality as the soul and core of cultivating winning talents, firmly establish the consciousness of holding high the banner and listening to the party's command, and forge the students into the backbone of building and managing the army that will reassure the CPC Central Committee, the Central Military Commission and President Hu and be politically qualified forever. Insist on strengthening strategic quality as the focus of training winning talents, further improve the top-level design, adjust the curriculum, increase the new knowledge content needed for marine, space and electromagnetic space safety, and vigorously strengthen the construction of related emerging disciplines according to the new mission and new expansion of military functions and tasks. Insist on strengthening scientific and technological quality as the basis of training winning talents, profoundly grasp the trend of new military reform in the world and the characteristics of military reform with China characteristics, establish scientific spirit, improve scientific literacy, master scientific methods, stand at the forefront of new scientific and technological revolution, master modern scientific technology, especially military high-tech knowledge, constantly improve and optimize knowledge structure, and comprehensively improve scientific and cultural quality. By forging a large number of new generation warriors to undertake new missions, the popularity and influence of National Defense University will be continuously expanded.
The correct educational policy and advanced teaching concept established by Kangda University are valuable resources for us to complete our new mission.
Anti-university has opened up a new road of modern military education. Mao Zedong personally formulated the educational policy of "firm and correct political direction, hard and simple work style, flexible strategy and tactics" and the school motto of "unity, tension, seriousness and liveliness" for Kangda. In the arduous War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the Anti-Japanese War created a set of proletarian education theory with China characteristics and formed a brand-new school spirit and style of study. Resist the abuses and stereotypes of the old education system for thousands of years, adhere to the Marxist style of study of integrating theory with practice, resolutely get rid of the dogmatic style of study that once prevailed in the Party, proceed from the reality of China's revolutionary war, adhere to the general policy of "education serves the anti-Japanese war", implement educational principles such as "fewer but better", "integrating theory with practice" and "combining education with productive labor", and adopt "heuristic method". All these have good enlightenment for us to run a school today.
A firm and correct political direction is the soul of a university. Kangda always puts a firm and correct political direction in the first place, insists on arming students' minds with Marxism-Leninism, and insists on unifying students' thoughts with the party's line, principles and policies, so that students can firmly establish lofty ideals and winning beliefs. The work style of hard struggle is the school-running feature of Kangda University. 1in July, 936, American journalist edgar snow wrote in "Red Star over China": "There is only one' institution of higher learning' in the world, with caves as classrooms, Shi Zhuan as tables and chairs, and lime-soil walls as blackboards, and its school buildings are completely not afraid of bombing." Kangda is such a well-known "cave university" at home and abroad. Flexible strategy and tactics, which is the advantage of running a school against large universities. Anti-Japanese University insists on actual combat teaching, enriches typical war cases into teaching, and enables students to master people's war thoughts, especially guerrilla warfare strategies and tactics. Direct participation in the war is the best military course to resist the war. Kangda often organizes teachers and students to go directly to the front to improve their skills in the baptism of war. Although the conditions for running a school in Kangda are extremely difficult, thanks to the advanced educational concept, Kangda can train ordinary people into commanders who can fight in just a few months, and shape weak intellectual youth into firm proletarian fighters.
In the new century and new stage, National Defense University shoulders the heavy responsibility of cultivating high-quality new military talents to fulfill new missions. We must adhere to and carry forward Kangda's educational policy and school-running style, and actively carry out innovative development on the basis of inheriting Kangda's glorious tradition. In the educational mode, we should establish a new concept of military education, further expand new ways of quality education, innovative education, advanced education and open education, improve the level of joint running schools, realize the comprehensive integration of advanced military education, and further realize the joint comprehensive education of land, sea, air, the Second Artillery Corps, military, political, economic and diplomatic affairs. In the talent training mode, efforts should be made to solve the problems of lack of high-tech knowledge and insufficient joint operational command ability of senior and middle-level cadres in our army, enrich the scientific and technological background, increase the teaching of joint operational command, improve the quality of research-oriented teaching and strengthen the role of experimental simulation. In the course mode, we should aim at the forefront of the new military revolution in the world, highlight the characteristics, pay attention to development, improve the course design and adjust the course structure according to the dual historical tasks of mechanization and informationization, and further realize the transformation from the traditional course system to the new course system that adapts to the dual historical tasks. In the mode of group training, we should adapt to the trend of shortening the knowledge updating cycle and diversifying the demand for talents and knowledge in modern society, meet the growing training demand of building a learning society and a learning army, broaden channels, innovate ways, shorten the cycle and increase the number of shifts, and further realize the transformation from a relatively single and fixed training rotation mode to a flexible and diverse group training mode. Through the innovation of school-running mode, the school-running characteristics of national defense university are further highlighted, so that the highest military academy can further improve its level and expand its functions in training winning talents.
The "anti-big spirit" cultivated by anti-big is an inexhaustible motive force for us to complete our new mission.
War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression wrote a new chapter in the great national spirit. In the years of bloody battles, while cultivating thousands of outstanding cadres, Kangda forged the immortal spirit of the war of resistance, which greatly inspired and inspired the people of the whole country to save the nation and tide over the difficulties of the war.
Patriotism of national pioneers is the core of anti-greatness spirit. Kangda is the vanguard of the Chinese nation War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, and has always stood firmly at the forefront of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Great patriotism is a powerful spiritual pillar that unites all patriotic forces, strengthens the belief in victory in the War of Resistance Against Japan, and overcomes obstacles to win victory. As Commander-in-Chief Zhu De wrote in his inscription commemorating the fifth anniversary of the establishment of Kangda, "Call on millions of young people to take to the revolutionary battlefield, hold high the banner of Kangda and spread it all over China". The anti-Japanese cadres trained by War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression all hold a firm political belief that Japanese imperialism must be overthrown. For the sake of national liberation, the firm patriotic belief of opposing surrender and resisting Japan to the end is the great political foundation for establishing the national anti-Japanese United front and winning the victory of the anti-Japanese war, and it is also the soul of the anti-Japanese spirit.
The heroic fighting spirit of daring to win victory is the essence of the spirit of resisting great aggression. Fighting bravely and daring to win are the most remarkable qualities of resisting college students. The firm revolutionary belief, coupled with flexible strategy and tactics, make the anti-Union college students become "both civil and military" cadres, which can not only fight the military and political charge, but also ensure the victory of the Anti-Japanese War. In the Hundred Regiments War that shocked China and foreign countries, anti-college students were the bravest fighting backbone. Okamura Ningji, the chief of the Japanese invaders, repeatedly shouted: "To destroy Kangda means to destroy half of the border area", "I would rather sacrifice ten Japanese soldiers for a student and fifty Japanese soldiers for a cadre", and repeatedly attacked and ambushed Kangda, but all ended in victory.
The revolutionary optimism spirit that is not afraid of difficulties and hardships is the characteristic of the anti-great spirit. Kangda has no classrooms, auditoriums, desks and chairs, no teaching equipment, and no teaching instruments. Its difficulty is unique in the history of world education. It transforms a large cave into a classroom, chisels a large slate on the stone wall to make a blackboard, and the tables, chairs and platforms are all made of stone. Mao Zedong said humorously that Kangda "lived in the Stone Age and studied the most advanced science in the contemporary era-Marxism–Leninism". And the inscription: "In the face of the * * * production party and the Red Army, all ordinary so-called difficulties do not exist, and the most serious difficulties can be overcome. The Red Army is invincible in the world. " Despite the extremely difficult material conditions, the teachers and students of Kangda maintained the spirit of revolutionary optimism and carried out extensive cultural and sports activities, making Kangda full of fighting songs and vitality everywhere.
Dare to sacrifice all your selfless dedication, which is the lofty demeanor of the anti-great spirit. 1937 After the Lugouqiao Incident on July 7th, the CPC Central Committee instructed the second-phase students of Kangda University to finish their studies immediately and go to all fronts in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression. Mao Zedong went to Kangda to see him off, and wrote an inscription on the graduation certificate, asking the graduates to be "brave, firm and calm, learn from the struggle and be prepared to sacrifice everything for the cause of national liberation". In this way, Kangda students resolutely fought bravely for the 450 million compatriots in the country. This great spirit of sacrifice and dedication is a powerful driving force for defeating all enemies.
The anti-Japanese spirit forged by the Anti-Japanese War is the brilliant light radiated by the Chinese national spirit in the bonfire of the Anti-Japanese War. History will always remember the anti-Great Spirit, the anti-Great School Song will always be sung by people, and the anti-Great Banner will always fly in people's hearts. The glorious tradition of resisting big will always be a powerful driving force to inspire us to forge ahead and innovate. In the face of profound changes in the international and domestic situation in the new century and new stage, we should vigorously carry forward the fine tradition of resisting foreign powers, speed up the training of a large number of outstanding generals to build an information-based army and win an information-based war, and better shoulder the new historical mission of our army.
Kangda, full name of China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, 1936 was established in Wayaobao, northern Shaanxi, and was then called "China People's Anti-Japanese Red Army University". 1937, the two countries established the policy of secondary cooperation, and the Anti-Japanese Red Army University was moved to Yan 'an and renamed as "China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University". Mao Zedong personally formulated the education policy of "firm and correct political direction, hard and simple work style, flexible strategy and tactics" for Kangda, and personally gave lectures to the students. Mao Zedong once used the story of "a foolish man and a mountain" to educate students. They should always adhere to the revolution and never give up halfway. And wrote an inscription for the graduation certificates of the students: "Work hard, make persistent efforts, and the light is ahead." At that time, Zhong Junmin rallies were often held in Yan 'an. When anti-big teams came to participate, they always played a dazzling anti-big school flag to guide teachers and students into the venue.
After the "July 7th Incident", the anti-Japanese bonfire spread, and Kangda also went deep into the enemy's rear to run a school with the troops, and inserted Kangda's school flag in the enemy's "heart". 1 941June1day, Kangda General School held its inaugural meeting in Xingtai, Hebei Province to commemorate the fifth anniversary of Kangda's founding. On the towering flagpole of the venue, the flag of Kangda fluttered. Commander-in-Chief Zhu De wrote an inscription: "Call on thousands of young people in Qian Qian to take to the revolutionary battlefield, hold high the banner of anti-Japanese war and spread it all over China".
Just like the motto of "unity, tension, liveliness and seriousness" written on the school flag of Kangda University, Kangda's life is full of the breath of the times and is a unique scenery at that time. During the period from the founding of Anti-Japanese University 10, * * * trained more than 654.38+ten thousand military and political cadres for the national liberation war, and they grew into pillars in the bonfire of anti-Japanese war.
This school banner, which once guided the anti-Union college students to study hard and fight bravely on the road of national liberation, has now become a precious cultural relic of the China People's Revolutionary Military Museum and a banner that will always inspire people to work hard for the prosperity of the motherland and national rejuvenation.
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China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University, referred to as "Anti-Japanese University".
China People's Anti-Japanese Military Political University is the most important page in the history of China People's Liberation Army. The main historical achievement of Anti-Japanese University is to train a large number of military and political cadres with both ability and political integrity. From the Anti-Japanese Red Army University to the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the "Anti-Japanese War" was held eight times, and 65,438,000 military and political cadres were trained, and Luo Ronghuan, Luo Ruiqing, Tan Zheng, Peng Xuefeng and other senior generals were successively stepped out. He made indelible contributions to War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the War of Liberation and the establishment of New China. According to incomplete statistics, 90% of the generals who were commissioned for the first time after the founding of the People's Republic of China studied and lived in Kangda.
1939 1 month, the fifth phase of Kangda started, and War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression entered the stalemate stage. Anti-University General School broke through the heavy blockade of the Japanese and puppet troops, and after two major transfers, which lasted for one year and four months, it arrived in Xingtai County on June 4 1940 and 165438. When running a school behind enemy lines, Kangda creatively adopted the sand table learning method in view of the characteristics of high school mobility, high physical consumption of students and uncertain time, that is, each student sharpened a big wooden pen and practiced writing on the sand table. On the way, a literacy board is hung on the back of the students in front, which can be used as the learning blackboard for the students behind, and they can read while walking.
1942 In May, the Japanese army assembled heavily and raided the former Nanyu Anti-Japanese University. In the face of vicious enemies, the Anti-Japanese University adopted such methods as "the enemy retreated and we advanced", "the opposite direction, passing by" and so on. In more than two months of fighting, cooperate with the main force to annihilate the Japanese puppet troops. After the good news reached the CPC Central Committee, Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Zhou Enlai and other central leading comrades were very happy and sent congratulatory messages in succession.
1946 February 10, China Anti-Japanese Military and Political University completed its historical mission and was divided into military and political universities in various liberated areas. After the founding of New China, the National Defense University merged into the highest military institution in China.
Kangda school relics
China People's Anti-Japanese Military and Political University: referred to as Kangda for short, its predecessor was the Red Army University of Chinese Workers and Peasants. 1In September, 938, the Sixth Plenary Session of the Sixth Central Committee emphasized that the main work of the Party should be placed in the war zone and behind enemy lines, running schools behind enemy lines, training cadres and launching guerrilla warfare. Therefore, from the winter of 1938 to August of 1945, Kangda successively established 12 branch schools and trained more than 65,438+10,000 military and political cadres. 1940165438+10 Kangda was stationed in Jiang Shui and Qiannanyu, Xingtai County, Hebei Province. The school headquarters is located in Qiannan Prefecture, and the political department is located in Jiang Shui. After being stationed in Jiang Shui for two years and three months,194365438+1returned to Shaanxi on October 24th.
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