Chinese characters were originally phonetic, but at the end of the Western Han Dynasty, two characters were spelled into a phonetic, which is the so-called anti-tangent method. For example, the initials of the word "Su" and "Sangqie" are the same as those of the word "S", and the vowel of the word "Su" is the same as that of the word "S", so the word is spelled out and should be pronounced as "S".
Chinese characters are expressed in Latin letters, with a history of only 70 years. During the Wanli period of the Ming Dynasty, Italian missionary Matteo Ricci used Latin letters to phonetic Chinese characters. Later, the French missionary Jin Minge wrote a book, Western Confucianism, which used 25 letters to phonetic Chinese characters. Their purpose is to facilitate westerners to learn and master Chinese. Later, a variety of Chinese pinyin schemes based on Latin letters appeared one after another, among which postal style and Weide style had the greatest influence.
1892, Lu Taizhang, an advocate of modern Chinese phonetic alphabet, put forward "new words that cut off sounds"; 19 13 "phonetic unification association" has formulated 40 "phonetic symbols"; 1926, money,, etc. Formulated "Roman characters of national languages"; 1933, the "Latin neologism" formulated by Qu Qiubai and Wu was born. All these have promoted the gradual improvement of the "Chinese Pinyin Scheme".
After liberation, the China Language Reform Committee was established, directly led by Premier Zhou Enlai. On the basis of the research results of pinyin in the past, he began to create his own letters from 65438 to 0952, and later decided to use Latin letters because of poor results. 1956 the Niu Wen commission for restructuring the economy published the draft hanyu pinyin, which was revised after many discussions. it was adopted by the 60th plenary session of the State Council in 1 957+0 1 and approved for implementation by the fifth session of the first national people's congress in February the following year. The last signer was the Prime Minister of Zhou Enlai. This is the current "Chinese Pinyin Scheme".
Zhou Youguang is the main maker of "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" and presided over the formulation of "Basic Rules of Chinese Pinyin Orthography". After the age of 85, he began to study cultural issues. Zhou Youguang has published more than 30 monographs and 300 papers in the field of linguistics and culturology, which has exerted a wide influence at home and abroad.
Zhou Youguang (190665438+1October13-2017 65438+1October 14), formerly known as Zhou Yaoping, was born in Changzhou, Jiangsu, and was a famous linguist in China.
In his early years, he studied economics, transferred to Beijing from 65438 to 0955, and joined the China Character Reform Committee, specializing in language and writing research. Zhou Youguang's language research center is China's language modernization, and he made a comprehensive and scientific exposition on the theory and practice of China's language modernization. Known as "the father of Chinese Pinyin".
Zhou Youguang is the main maker of "Chinese Pinyin Scheme" and presided over the formulation of "Basic Rules of Chinese Pinyin Orthography". After the age of 85, he began to study cultural issues. Zhou Youguang has published more than 30 monographs and 300 papers in the field of linguistics and culturology, which has exerted a wide influence at home and abroad.
China Review Network claims that Zhou Youguang is "free in thought and independent in personality";
Su Peicheng called it "dare to tell the truth, tell the truth";
Bao Jing called him "dare to say things that ordinary people dare not say".