Well, I bought the postgraduate entrance examination materials.
I won't disclose the specific title and author. The first lecture on the definition of art design is the streamlined style of art design founded by American designer Lowe in the 20th century. Modern telephone prototypes designed by American art designer Dreyfus 1937, such as airplanes, cars and ships, surround our lives and contain the beauty of creation.
The world of creation is the world of art design ... 1. The historical development of the concept of art design. Art design is not the whole design of the object, but only the artistic design of the object. Art design is a design that organically and harmoniously combines the functionality, comfort and aesthetic appearance of products under the conditions of modern industrial mass production.
As a profession, it was born and formed in the early 20th century. The basic problem of his theory is the relationship between production and art, utility and beauty.
(1) the formation of China's artistic design concept 1. In the literature of the Spring and Autumn Period, there are many records about the concept of art design. Laozi, Analects of Confucius, University II and Kao Gong Ji in the Warring States Period are the earliest handicraft technical works in China and the most important documents in the history of ancient technology in China.
It had a great influence on the history of China's vessel manufacturing. 1, which summarized the experience of making utensils in ancient China and formulated the basic principles of making utensils.
2. It contains rich artistic design concepts. Taking the automobile as an example, the principle of making wheels, carriages, car covers and other parts fully embodies the concept that form obeys function.
The manufacture of wheels should make users feel comfortable, and in modern terms, ergonomic factors should be taken into account. Cultural symbols should also be considered in the production of wooden trolleys.
3. Tiangong Kaiwu in Ming Dynasty and Song Dynasty combined China traditional culture with science and technology. Genesis and "nature makes people" epitomize China's traditional creative thought. 4 During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, Li Yu's "Suiyuan"? Wan Qi cloth's artistic design concept.
He regards objects as emotional sustenance. He is good at turning heartless things into sentient things through arrangement.
Looking at the artifacts in this way means that the creation is in hand and realized. (2) Western art design concept 1. The ancient Greeks understood art including music, painting, sculpture, handicrafts, agriculture, medicine, riding and shooting, cooking and so on.
Art and technology are different but complementary activities. Socrates put forward the relationship between beauty and practicality. Socrates linked beauty with utilitarianism, thinking that nothing is necessarily useful, and the criterion for measuring beauty is utilitarianism, and usefulness is beauty.
Harmful is ugly. Plato distinguished absolute beauty from relative beauty.
He said that the beauty of real things is relative beauty, while the beauty of abstract forms such as straight line, circular plane and three-dimensional is absolute beauty, eternal beauty and beauty for beauty's sake. Cicero inherited Socrates' view that beauty depends on function, and thought that what is useful is what is beautiful, and applied this view to animals, plants and art.
Distinguish between practical beauty and decorative beauty. 5. The Ten Books of Architecture written by Vitruwei in ancient Rome discussed the relationship between nothingness and function in creative activities.
It is pointed out that the main principle of architecture is "the principle of firmness, applicability and beauty". Formal beauty and functional beauty should maintain a certain balance.
6. Augustine distinguished the beauty of existence from the beauty of existence. The beauty of freedom is the beauty of things themselves, and the beauty of self-action is the beauty that things are suitable for other things, which includes utilitarian and purposeful factors.
The enlightenment to art design is that art design is an object-oriented design, which should aim at the actual needs of consumers. 7. Some products designed by Leonardo da Vinci during the Renaissance reflected the internal unity of art and technology.
8./kloc-In the 8th century, western aestheticians saw the connection between beauty and utility. In the 9th century and19th century, with the participation of artists in the production process, the design and production of utensils were also regarded as an art. ..
Second, art design in design activities, as a meaningful activity of human beings, refers to making a method diagram in advance according to certain purposes before doing a certain job formally. Two forms of design: 1 It is only an internal factor in the production process and is not divorced from production. The prototype of the product stays in the mind of the place of production, and the producer is also the designer.
Design is a relatively independent activity, and the producer processes it according to the drawings designed by the designer in advance. Relationship between design and production: 1 Design and production are compatible, and they are unified behaviors. Design has nothing to do with production, but it has little influence on production. Design is independent of production, which has a great influence on production, so that production is subject to design, artistic design and independent innovation. (1) The complexity and variability of art design. The complexity of art design lies in its various types and modes.
The diversity of types depends not only on the differences of social and economic structure and industrial development level in different countries, but also on the differences of artistic design objects. The complexity and comprehensiveness of art design activities determine the complexity and comprehensiveness of art design theory, involving philosophy, sociology, aesthetics, art, economics, culture, ergonomics, technology and other fields.
The variability of art design is also obvious. At first, as a part of architecture, the most representative is the establishment of Bauhaus (meaning "house of architecture").
After transplanting from Europe to the United States, it developed independently of architecture in the 1930s and 1940s. American art design is mainly commercial art design, aiming at pursuing commercial profits.
Style is inseparable from stylism, but it changes the product form outside the function. In 1950s and 1960s, Ulm Institute of Advanced Modeling in Germany sharply criticized the stylism of American art design, which made art design get rid of it.
Art design has gradually become an independent activity that does not depend on architecture or stylism. (B) Art design is an important way for enterprises to integrate and innovate. The Central Economic Work Conference held in June, 5438+February, 2005 pointed out: "Strengthening the ability of independent innovation should be regarded as the strategic basis of scientific and technological development and the central link of adjusting industrial structure and changing growth mode."
There are three ways of independent innovation: original innovation, integrated innovation and innovation after introduction, digestion and absorption. Based on the above characteristics of art design, we believe that art design is an important way for enterprises to integrate and innovate.
Art.
2. What is the basic knowledge of literary theory?
1, the content and relationship of literary theory ① the four elements of literary theory, namely, artists, works of art, appreciators and social life.
② Five topics of literary theory, namely, the theory of literary creation, the theory of composition of works, the theory of occurrence and development, the theory of appreciation and criticism, and the theory of literary essence. The relationship between them is a "flow-feedback" process: (the essence of literature and art) the emergence and development of social life (the creation of literature and art) the receiver of artists' art (the composition of works) (appreciation and criticism) 2. The frame system and development track of literary theory: ① As a frame system, we should understand the three major components of literary theory, namely, China's classical literary theory, western literary theory and Marxist literary theory.
② As a development track, we should know the representative writers and works. For example: China: the formulation of Confucius and Mencius; Works by Cao Pi, Lu Ji and Liu Xie; Works by Li Yu, Jin Shengtan, Mao Zonggang, Zhi Yanzhai and Wang Guowei.
West: works of Plato, Aristotle and Horace; The theories of Diderot, Lessing, Hegel, belinsky and Chernyshevski.
3. What does artistic accomplishment contain?
1, knowledge cultivation of natural science Human society has entered the era of knowledge economy, and science and technology have become the primary productive force, showing its great role in social life and entering all aspects of artistic creation. It is not only one of the objects of artistic expression, but also a tool and means of artistic creation and dissemination.
2. Social science knowledge training. The object of artistic expression is people-centered. Art is closely related to society. Only with rich knowledge of humanities and social sciences can we better understand the society, understand people, communicate with people better, produce extensive and profound life insights and social experiences, and form unique opinions.
3. The cultivation of artistic theoretical knowledge, although the knowledge of various categories of art is different, as a spiritual product of human beings, has the same * * *. Only by extensively hunting the world's classic paintings and learning from different art categories can we develop our strengths and avoid weaknesses and improve our theoretical knowledge.
Extended data:
Artistic accomplishment is also called "artistic accomplishment". It refers to people's ability to feel, experience, evaluate and actively create art, which is the main content of "aesthetic cultivation" or "aesthetic cultivation", including mastering the knowledge of art theory and history, and understanding the laws of artistic creation, artistic appreciation and artistic development.
As well as artistic sensibility, imagination, judgment, understanding and creativity, Marx believes that a person must be an artistic accomplishment if he wants to enjoy art. "For ears without musical sense, the most beautiful music is meaningless, not an object.
The Complete Works of Marx and Engels, Volume 42, page 126, artistic accomplishment includes grasping the general laws of art, grasping the special laws of certain art categories and styles, and grasping the social life of art.
The understanding of the relationship with other ideologies and the mastery of artistic contents, forms, methods and techniques all come from long-term artistic practice, artistic education and aesthetic education, and are all restricted by people's world outlook, aesthetic outlook, social outlook and outlook on life. Artistic accomplishment develops with the development of social life and art.
People and individuals in different times have different artistic attainments, both wide and narrow. Artistic accomplishment directly restricts the sensitivity and profundity of artistic appreciation and the authenticity, typicality, appeal and personality characteristics of artistic creation.