Ma Yaonan 1933 returned to his hometown to apply for the principal of Changshan Middle School, adhering to the concept of saving the country through education. After the Marco Polo Bridge Incident broke out, he was extremely indignant at the aggression and atrocities of Japanese militarism and made up his mind to throw himself into the flood of anti-Japanese war. Party member Lin Yishan introduced him to join the vanguard of national liberation in China and got in touch with the Shandong Provincial Party Committee. Ma Yaonan's anti-Japanese enthusiasm, * * * Shandong Provincial Party Committee took Changshan Middle School as an important stronghold when formulating the anti-Japanese armed uprising plan, and sent * * * party member Yao, Liao Rongbiao and Zhao Ming to Changshan Middle School successively, and established a special party group of Changshan Middle School, directly under the leadership of the provincial party Committee. A group of * * * party member served as teachers in schools, trained anti-Japanese cadres and organized them. In the name of teaching reform, he adjusted the curriculum and enriched the content of resisting Japan and saving the country. In the name of running people's night schools, training courses for guerrilla cadres are held, and military and political courses are taught by producers of * * *. Later, many of them became the backbone of armed uprisings and anti-Japanese activists in nearby counties.
He supported helping the leading party group to organize an "anti-Japanese support club" in schools, establishing a "people's first team" organization, and holding guerrilla tactics training classes to make ideological and organizational preparations for holding armed uprisings. 1937 65438+On February 24th, the Japanese bombed Changshan County, and Kuomintang military and political personnel abandoned the south of the city and fled.
Changshan Middle School Party Group immediately decided to go to Heitieshan to hold an armed uprising. The next day (1937 65438+February 25th), first of all, some teachers and students led by Yao, Liao Rongbiao and Zhao Mingxin held an anti-Japanese armed uprising in Taipingzhuang, the western foothills of Heitie Mountain, and established the first anti-Japanese armed force under the leadership of China * * * Production Party on the Qinghe Plain.
Sincere patriotism
Ma Yaonan was born in Changshan County, Shandong Province (now Zouping), a peasant and handicraft family. My father is a private school teacher and my mother is knowledgeable. He received the traditional education from his family about loyalty, filial piety and righteousness from an early age. As a teenager, I witnessed Germany invading Shandong, occupying Qingdao, building roads and mining on Shandong land, and doing whatever it wanted. At the end of World War I, the China authorities succumbed to imperialism and agreed that Japan would replace German rights in Shandong. Ma Yaonan, who is only 17 years old, is filled with indignation. In his diary, he wrote down the lofty ambition of "We want to drive imperialism out, and we want to be real China people". After he entered Jinan No.1 Middle School in Shandong Province, he took an active part in patriotic and anti-imperialist activities. Together with progressive students, he organized "anti-Japanese meetings" and demonstrations against Japanese aggression, and organized students to go to commercial ports to publicize the boycott and seizure of Japanese goods. During his stay in No.1 Middle School of Shandong Province, he also participated in the "Seminar on Marxist Theory" organized by Wang, an early producer of * * * in Shandong Province, and was enlightened by some capitalism. Ma Yaonan was later admitted to Tianjin Beiyang University to study mechanical engineering. In college, he is an active student with strong social skills. He soon became the head of the university student union and one of the heads of the Tianjin student union. To this end, he was fortunate to meet party member Zhang Youyu, who is in charge of community work in Tianjin Municipal Government. In communication, Zhang Youyu tried to give Ma Yaonan some progressive guidance ideologically. At that time, the Kuomintang carried out three major policies of "uniting with Russia, uniting with * * * and helping workers and peasants", and the China Revolutionary Army was successfully carrying out the Northern Expedition in the south. Ma Yaonan joined the Kuomintang with revolutionary passion and soon became a leading member of the Tianjin Party Department.
Because 1927, Chiang Kai-shek launched the "April 12th" coup and killed the producers of * * *, the Northern Expedition was frustrated and the revolution died. Ma Yaonan's original intention of joining the Kuomintang was dealt a fatal blow, and his perversion of the Kuomintang reached an intolerable level. During the three periods of 1930, he witnessed the corruption of bribery and canvassing in the Kuomintang. He made a decisive decision and announced his withdrawal from the Kuomintang. He returned to Tianjin and took an active part in Chiang Kai-shek's activities. Chiang Kai-shek announced that Ma Yaonan was "pro-Chiang Kai-shek" and wanted to arrest him. In order to avoid the wanted man, Ma Yaonan first went to Yongqing Middle School in Hebei Province to teach, and was later hired as a teacher of Nantong University. 1933, invited by all walks of life in Changshan County, his hometown, he returned to his hometown as the principal of Changshan Middle School. He is determined to cultivate useful talents for the country and take the road of saving the country through education. After he became the principal of Changshan Middle School, he put forward a series of new school-running policies. On the one hand, he welcomes people to visit the school, on the other hand, he leads students out of the school, or sweeps the streets or builds roads to strengthen ties with the people.
Follow the producer of * * *
Two major events broadened Ma Yaonan's horizons. One is the 25,000-Li Long March of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants that shocked the world. After understanding and research, he believes that the reason why the * * * production party can go through such hardships and have such a strong will is because it has lofty beliefs. He sincerely admires it as a promising political party. The other is that in the An incident of 1936, the * * * production party put the national interests first, was open-minded and let bygones be bygones, and advised Zhang and General to release Chiang Kai-shek, stop the civil war and unite against Japan. Ma Yaonan thinks that the producers of * * * have the strategy to turn the tide. At a critical juncture, having such profound strategic vision and skills is the hope of the country and the nation. 1937 shortly after the lugouqiao incident, Peiping and Tianjin fell one after another, and the Japanese attacked from the north and south. Ma Yaonan is determined to join the army to resist Japan and save the country. He wrote in his diary on August 15 that year: "The artillery fire in Shanghai is extremely fierce, and the whole country has entered a state of bloody battle. It's safe to take care of yourself here. You can die! From now on, when you are particularly excited and ask for something in return, serve your country and get a big sacrifice, you can live in the world. " At this time, the Kuomintang also assumed an anti-Japanese face and tried to use Ma Yaonan's local influence to expand the Kuomintang's sphere of influence. Therefore, he announced the restoration of Ma Yaonan's Kuomintang membership, claiming to fight against Japan with Ma. Ma Yaonan immediately said: "The Kuomintang wants me, but I don't want it!"
Comrade Lin Yishan, who was assigned to work in Jiaodong by Shandong Province, came to Changshan Middle School. Lin Yishan once taught in Changshan Middle School. His trip is intended to establish contact with Ma Yaonan by bypassing Changshan. When Lin Yishan met Ma Yaonan, they had an in-depth conversation on the current situation and agreed. Lin Yishan also told Ma Yaonan about China's anti-Japanese road and future according to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China's Declaration on the Current Situation and Ten Programs for Resisting Japan and Saving the Nation. Ma was very excited after hearing this and decided that Lin was the producer of * * *. Therefore, Ma Yaonan insisted that Lin Yishan stay in Changshan and organize armed forces to resist Japan. Lin Yishan immediately introduced vest to China Anti-Japanese Vanguard, and promised to send another person to Changshan to cooperate with Ma as soon as possible.
* * * Shandong Provincial Party Committee sent underground party member Yao, Red Army cadre Liao Rongbiao and underground party member Zhao Ming to Changshan Middle School, and established a party group headed by Yao. Since then, in the ancient Changshan City, the anti-Japanese national salvation activities centered on Changshan Middle School have entered a new stage.
Tieshan Juyi
On February 24th, 1937, 1937, Japanese planes bombed Changshan City, and the bombs landed near Changshan Middle School and the county government. The Kuomintang county government and the county armed brigade fled south, and the society was in chaos. The Party organization of Changshan Middle School held an emergency meeting, and decided to pull teachers and students to Gu Wei to fight against Japan in Changshan District 9, so as to win the title of the Fifth Army of Shandong People's Anti-Japanese and National Salvation Army. The meeting also decided that Ma Yaonan was the commander, Liao Rongbiao was the deputy commander and Yao was the political commissar. After the meeting, the party organization informed Ma Yaonan of these decisions. Ma Yaonan totally agrees that it's time to formally form a team. They broke up. Yao and Liao led the teachers and students, and Ma Yaonan went to the second and eighth districts to contact personnel and prepare food and money. Yao and Liao Rongbiao took 100 teachers and students to Taipingzhuang under Heitieshan to settle down. The next day, all the teachers and students gathered in the village primary school. Yao read this letter to his compatriots and announced the establishment of the Fifth Army of the China People's Anti-Japanese National Salvation Army. Another day passed (1937 65438+February 26th), and Ma Yaonan arrived at Taipingzhuang from Area 2. Yao Zhongming, Liao Rongbiao and Zhao Mingxin rushed forward to shake hands with Ma Yaonan, where they met.
Although four people haven't seen each other for three days, they are just like Sanqiu. Ma Yaonan eagerly asked the students how they were doing. Yao said: "Comrade Liao Rongbiao organized the students into teams, and everyone was in high spirits. There are two major problems at present. First, the problem of eating, hundreds of students, no source of supply. The second is weapons. There are only three guns in the team, and it is difficult to fight the devil with bare hands. " Ma Yaonan took out three pistols he had brought. One was given to Liao Rongbiao and the other to Zhao Mingxin. Of course, Liao and Zhao got the pistol and got the treasure. Then, Ma Yaonan took out the raised 500 yuan Ocean. He said: "First, solve the problem of students eating. I can't eat a meal a day. " Yao and Zhao Mingxin took the 500 yuan Ocean and said happily, "These 500 oceans are the greatest wealth of our five armies! We cannot spend it easily. " Therefore, Yao and Zhao Mingxin asked Ma Yaonan to come forward and mobilize the celebrities in the nine local districts to raise food, materials and funds to solve the urgent needs first. The next day, Zhao Mingxin called more than 20 local squires, businessmen and big families for a meeting.
Ma Yaonan first told them about the current war situation, and then said that the teachers and students of Changshan Middle School were unwilling to be conquered people, and came to Heitieshan to pull up the team and prepare for the war of resistance. But when the army was first built, it had no financial resources and no food. He asked the local villagers for strong support. He said that the national disaster is at the forefront, the war of resistance is to save the country, and there is money to pay, strong efforts, and food to produce food. He hoped that the villagers would give generously, inspire the people in the whole region, give strong support to the five armies, and repay them by resisting Japan and the enemy in the future. Participants said that teachers and students were deeply moved, and in order to save the country and the safety of villagers in Changshan County, a team was built here to resist Japan. It is my duty to donate money and food. Since then, the villages headed by Gu Wei Town have organized or spontaneously provided nutrients or food to the Fifth Army every day. Gu Weizhen's company also donated one hundred dollars. The supplies of the five armies were temporarily guaranteed. After the banner of the Five Armies was played, it was like a huge magnet, attracting people with lofty ideals from all directions to resist Japan and save the country. They gathered in Heitieshan one after another. The armed brigade of the former Changshan county government lost contact with the county government that fled south, and in order to survive, it also defected to Heitieshan. From uniting people from all walks of life to join the Anti-Japanese War, Ma Yaonan and Yao immediately welcomed them. In this way, the fifth army made up three squadrons, nearly 400 people and more than 200 guns.
1938 On New Year's Day, the Japanese army occupied Changshan City. In order to stimulate the fighting spirit of the military and civilians and combat the arrogance of the Japanese army, under the planning of Ma and Yao, Liao Rongbiao led 30 team members, disguised as farmers, and attacked Changshan City at night, which was a success in one fell swoop. 33 puppet troops guarding the city were netted and 17 rifles and some ammunition were collected. Shortly thereafter, the Fifth Army ambushed a Japanese warship at Taotangkou of Xiaoqing River. 12 Japanese troops, headed by Lieutenant General Matsui Linshan, commander of the Japanese division, were all killed. The two victories inspired the morale of the five armies and the people's anti-Japanese enthusiasm, and at the same time shocked the Japanese aggressors in Shandong. In addition to sending troops to retaliate, the Japanese aggressors also burned a Taotangkou village of hundreds of families, seeking to destroy the Fifth Army. However, in the exchange of fire with the Japanese army, the five armies won many victories, and the Vietnam War became stronger. The arrogance of the Japanese army also had to temporarily converge.
In order to expand the victory and unite more people to resist Japan,1In March 938, Ma Yaonan called a joint anti-Japanese conference attended by representatives from Zouping, Changshan, Huantai, Zichuan and Zhangqiu counties. He said at the meeting that the current situation is becoming clearer and clearer. Anti-Japanese and national salvation can only be successful if we follow the ten-point program of anti-Japanese and national salvation put forward by the * * * production party. The program calls for uniting all forces willing to participate in the anti-Japanese war, regardless of party or class, forming a broad anti-Japanese United front and uniting with the outside world. In his view, when the national disaster strikes, China people with ambition and Chinese national conscience should unite to resist Japan, and people from all walks of life should unite to strengthen their anti-Japanese strength. People from all walks of life should have money to pay, make strong efforts, have guns to shoot and have food to produce. When this country is in danger, why not stand up and wait? After discussion by representatives of all parties, the meeting unanimously decided that the new armed forces in all counties should focus on the five armies, make unified preparations, command and unite against Japan. The joint anti-Japanese conference of five counties pushed the anti-Japanese war in northern Shandong to a new climax. In addition to the five counties attending the meeting, all kinds of armed forces in Qingcheng and Gaoyuan in the north, Licheng in the west, Linzi and Guang Chuan in the east are gradually moving closer to the Five Armies. By April 1938, the ranks of the Fifth Army had expanded to 5,000. After the unified establishment, it was formed into 7 detachments with 30 squadrons under its jurisdiction. The first detachment leader Ma Yaonan's third brother, and the seventh detachment leader Ma Yaonan's second brother. Therefore, people in the north of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression are called "one horse and three generals", and a song praising the three brothers Ma is widely circulated: "One horse and three generals got anti-Japanese disease. Qi Xin hit Japan to defend the people. "
Heroic martyrdom
1At the beginning of June, 939, the Japanese army gathered more than 5,000 people, equipped with more than 10 cannons and more than 20 cars, and suddenly surrounded the three detachments stationed in Liujiajing, zouping county. The enemy soldiers are under siege, and the third team is in great danger. Under the command of Commander Ma Yaonan and Deputy Commander Yang Guofu, our army rallied to resist Japan and fought bravely and bitterly with the Japanese aggressors for many times. In the end, more than 800 Japanese and puppet troops were killed or injured under the Japanese wellhead commander, and then withdrew from the battle. On July 2 1 of that year, the troops moved to Niuwangzhuang, Huantai County, and were attacked on three sides. Ma Yaonan's army fought day and night and decided to move eastward. And decided to withdraw commander Ma and deputy commander Yang to cover and patrol. On July 22nd, 1939, when Commander Ma and his party rode to Dazhai Village near the east of Niuwangzhuang, they were suddenly ambushed by the Japanese. Commander Ma was badly injured and fell off his horse. He climbed a wall and killed several Japanese soldiers with a pistol. When the Japanese army tried to assassinate Commander Ma with a bayonet, Commander Ma broke the enemy's arm with the last bullet, dragged down the enemy, smashed the enemy's skull with a pistol, and died heroically because of excessive blood loss. Only 37 years old. In order to commemorate Commander Ma Yaonan's death for the country, Qinghe District appointed Yao Nan Middle School, an anti-Japanese middle school in Qinghe District, as 1943. The author is fortunate to be employed here. 1946, the Party Committee of Bohai District was named Yaonan County, Changshan County.
2065438+September 2004, Ma Yaonan was included in the first batch of 300 anti-Japanese heroes.