The Nanjing Massacre refers to the mass slaughter of the Republic of China in Nanjing and its neighboring areas for several months from War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression 1937 to 1945 in People's Republic of China (PRC), and after the fall of the capital Nanjing in 1937+05438+03. Among them, Japanese war crimes include robbery, rape and massacre of a large number of civilians and prisoners of war. The scale of the massacre and the number of casualties are not recognized by the world, but it is generally believed that the death toll exceeds 300 thousand.

In China, the Nanjing Massacre is often an important focus of nationalism. In Japan, the public's understanding of the Nanjing Massacre has a wide range of different emotions and opinions. In particular, some extreme right-wingers in Japan think that the Nanjing Massacre is an exaggerated or even fabricated anti-Japanese diplomatic tool, while others think that denying the Nanjing Massacre is a manifestation of historical revisionism and denial. Because the Japanese people have widely different opinions on the Nanjing Massacre, according to the speaker's point of view, the Nanjing Massacre may be called "Nanjing Massacre", "Nanjing Massacre" and "Nanjing Incident". Understanding the Nanjing Massacre is one of the issues in Sino-Japanese diplomatic and non-governmental relations.

In western countries such as Europe and America, Nanjing Massacre is generally translated into English as Nanjing Massacre or Nanjing Massacre, but people's understanding of it is often far less than that of Nazi Massacre.

China and Japanese who witnessed and witnessed the "Nanjing Massacre" are still alive, and those who can witness it will soon die. However, this unprecedented tragedy in China's history has not been solved. We have the responsibility to thoroughly clarify the most prominent and terrible Japanese crime "Nanjing Massacre" in the Second Sino-Japanese War and avenge our ancestors, our descendants and the 340,000 compatriots who died in the "Nanjing Massacre".

Date and place: Pastor Mitch (former member of the International Committee of Nanjing Safe Zone) and Professor Bedes (resident pastor of Yale University after returning to the United States) witnessed the Nanjing Massacre during the Nanjing trial (from 1946 1.948). Vides said: "After the fall of Nanking, the terror reached its peak in two and a half to three weeks, and the terror was serious from the sixth to the seventh." In addition, Shi Maishi, treasurer and secretary of the International Committee of Nanjing Safe Zone and professor of sociology at Jinling University, also told the Nanjing Trial Court: "In the first six weeks, I protested twice a day." Therefore, the Far East International Military Tribunal ruled that "in the first six weeks after the Japanese occupation, more than 200,000 civilians and prisoners were massacred in Nanjing and its vicinity". Accordingly, scholars and ordinary people often only use the "Nanjing Massacre" for six weeks. The "Nanjing Massacre" lasted for more than six weeks, although these six weeks were the worst.

If it is necessary to specify the most serious stage of the "Nanjing Massacre", it should be from 1937 12 13 when Nanjing fell to1938 on February 5, when Japan's new Nanjing garrison commander Kojiro Kota took office. Two days later, the commander-in-chief of the Japanese Shanghai Dispatching Army, Matsui Shigen, ordered the restoration of order in Nanjing. Despite the promises of General Matsui Shigen and Major General Taniguchi, the massacre, adultery, looting and arson of the Japanese army in Nanjing have not improved significantly. George rosen, then political secretary of the Nazi German Embassy in China, sent a telegram from Nanjing to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Berlin on February 1938, saying: "Japan's reign of terror in Nanjing has reached an unbounded level." In his telegram of March 4, he analyzed the Japanese atrocities more clearly: "In February and recent days of this month, the situation in and around Nanjing has been somewhat stable ... the Japanese atrocities have decreased in number, but they have not changed in nature." Rosen also mentioned that there was no China store in Nanjing until the day he started writing letters (March 4th). Professor Smythe said in his "Photos of Nanjing War Disaster" published by 1938 that in March of 1938, many city gates in Nanjing were still closed. Then there was Falkenhausen, head of Chiang Kai-shek's German advisory group, who stayed in Nanjing and worked in the German embassy. He wrote in the manuscript that "on March 19, a Japanese soldier raped a girl in the yard of an American church". The terrorist incidents in Nanjing in February and March reported by the westerners who stayed in Nanjing are completely consistent with the accounts of many China people who stayed in Beijing. Two doctors, Jin, director of the field rescue department, and Jiang Gonggu, director of the field rescue department, who did not escape after the fall of Nanjing, visited the urban area for the first time on February 1938+05. Jiang recorded in "Beijing March": "Go out of Xinjiekou, pass Taiping Road, Confucius Temple and turn to Zhongshan Road. There are no houses along the way."

Guo, director of the Teaching Corps of Chiang Kai-shek's Garrison Central Military Academy, escaped three months after the fall of Nanjing, and wrote a Record of Blood and Tears in the Trapped Capital, which was serialized in Xijing Pingbao on August 1938. After the war, Guo testified in the military court in China to try war criminals and confronted Gu Shoufu, head of the Sixth Division of the Japanese Army, calling him the crazy executioner of the "Nanjing Massacre". Guo wrote: "Some people say that the beast army always shot, raped and burned in the first three days ... but they didn't stop after a week, and they still didn't stop after three months!" Niu Xianming, another soldier battalion commander of the teaching corps, graduated from the Japanese NCO School. At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, he studied at the French Military Academy and then returned to China. After the fall of Nanjing, Niu became a monk and fled Nanjing after hiding for eight months. He is still alive and lives in Los Angeles, USA. In his book Secularization, he described his escape from danger by the Beijing-Shanghai train disguised as a monk and in the carriage: "At that time, Beijing and Shanghai fell for more than half a year. In order to ensure their sovereignty, it is certainly not convenient for Japanese military police to kill people in public places ... Under the surveillance of Japanese military police, they dare not look around too much; So I looked back, closed my eyes, rubbed the beads hanging around my neck with one hand and made a chanting action. " Li Kehen, a cultural figure, fled to Nanjing in early March after taking refuge in the western countryside of Nanjing for more than two months. 1938. He wrote The Story of Beijing in May, which was serialized in Hankou Ta Kung Pao in July, 1938. Li described what he saw and heard in Nanjing: "Recently, Japanese soldiers raped women. Although it was rare during the day, there were still many at night. When my female compatriots were walking in the street, Japanese soldiers rushed to the front and stopped them. In the name of inspection, I touched my whole body and teased and played at will, but I had to bear the humiliation and listen to its actions. Otherwise, the bayonet will be raised and stabbed to death immediately, and there will be no shadow of women in the street during the day. "

The tragic situation in Nanjing lasted until the summer of 1938, although it was obviously after mid-March that the degree of slaughter and adultery gradually decreased. It can be said that the period from mid-March to the end of May was a "small massacre". The most powerful proof is the record that two charities (Nanjing Branch of the World Red Cross and Nanjing Branch of the China Red Cross) buried 806 people in May 1938. Lin Na explained the reason in her "Blood and Tears in Jinling": "From the time Japanese soldiers entered the city to the time I left-May 20th-the work of burying the remains never stopped. In fact, it can't be buried. Buried a batch, and immediately added a batch. " Although the traitor autonomy committee was established in Nanjing as early as 1938 1 month 1 day, with Tao as the chairman and vice chairman, it failed to stop the Japanese army from burning, killing and looting, and the "small massacre" lasted until the summer of 1938. It was not until 1938+0 1 that Liang Hongzhi's "Reform Government" (established in Shanghai in March) was still in Nanjing, and the order in Nanjing was restored. Objectively speaking, the term "Nanjing Massacre" should be said to be "six months", or "three months of massacre" and "three months of small massacre", which is in line with the facts. The verdict of the "Tokyo Trial" said: "In the first six weeks after the Japanese occupation, the total number of civilians and prisoners slaughtered in Nanjing and its vicinity reached more than 200,000." He added, "People outside the city are slightly better than people in the city. All the villages within 200 miles (66 miles) around Nanjing are basically in the same state. " "200 Li around Nanjing" should be "Nanjing and its vicinity" above. This happens to start from Wulong Mountain Scenic Resort in the northeast of Nanjing, go east to the south bank of the Yangtze River, pass Yaohuamen, Xianhemen, Qilinmen, Maqun, Cangbomen, Gao Qiao Gate and Fangshang Town, cross Qinhuai River to the west, then cross the Jiangnan (namely, Beijing-Jiangxi) railway, and then reach Shanghe Town opposite Jiang Xinzhou in the northeast. In fact, this is the defense line to defend Nanjing, mainly in the southeast of Nanjing, and it is also a densely populated area. At the same time, this area is the battlefield of defending Nanjing, and most villagers have fled before the arrival of the Japanese army. Or take refuge in Nanjing, and most of them are old, weak, women and children. Those who did not escape from the Japanese army were rarely spared.

The Japanese army slaughtered the city all the way in Nanjing

The Japanese army forced 200,000 troops to Nanjing, killing and raping the city all the way, and the houses and the city were deserted. The Sixth Division of the Japanese Army landed in jinshanwei, Hangzhou Bay on1October 5 165438, and then directly went north to break Songjiang City. According to Tian Bolie, a famous reporter from Manchester Guardian, a British reporter sent a telegram after visiting Songjiang on June 1938+ 10/4: "The whole city of Songjiang could have accommodated about 65,438+million residents, but I only saw five old China people hiding in a French church, and they were in tears. Suzhou, known as the Venice of China, was captured by the Japanese Third Division in 1 19 10. 1938 An article in Shanghai's Miller Review said: "Suzhou, a beautiful and quaint city, once had 350,000 residents. After the Japanese army occupied the city, there were only 500 people left. " But the saddest thing is this: "The Japanese army insulted women from all walks of life. I'm afraid no one can estimate how many women have been raped by Japanese soldiers full of animal desires. Su Shi said in his recent article "Women in China as Comfort Women of the Japanese Army": "After the fall of Suzhou, more than 2,000 women were taken captive. "Song Meiling, the wife of Chiang Kai-shek, confirmed in the article" War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the Founding of the People's Republic of China and Women's Issues "published by Chongqing Central Daily on June 5438+0939+1October 5438+05 that the Japanese army not only numbered the captured women on the grounds of adultery, but even publicly stripped them naked and tattooed the numbers on their shoulders. On the one hand, it makes our female compatriots feel ashamed and unable to escape, on the other hand, it acts as a tool for their animal desires. " Wuxi, known as the "little shanghai", is usually an industrial center with a population of 900,000. From the end of 10, 1937 10 was bombed by Japanese planes almost every day. According to the article in Miller's commentary mentioned above, in June 165438+ 10/0, the Japanese dropped more than 160 bombs in one day, leaving the factories and business districts in the city in ruins, with no casualties. The 20th United Wing (equivalent to China's regiment), which belongs to the infamous 16th Division of the Japanese Army, fell on June 26th 165438 and set fire to the city for more than ten days. According to 1987, the Diary of Beishan Battlefield published by private Beishan, the third brigade of the United Front, it was recorded that the Japanese army massacred both soldiers and civilians after entering the city. In the above article, it was reported that the Japanese army captured 3,000 women from China in Wuxi, many of whom were taken away by officers and taken to Nanjing with the army. Japanese troops fell into Changzhou (Wujin) 165438 on October 29th. According to "Notes on China and Japan in Beishan Array", the Japanese army obeyed its superiors and killed all the captured residents. As a result, more than 4000 people were massacred. Zhenjiang is the shield of Nanjing, the hub of the canal and the capital of Jiangsu. After the Japanese army broke the city on February 9, 65438, thousands of refugees who failed to leave the country were slaughtered and many women were gang-raped and killed. Later, the Red Cross collected 300 bodies. At that time, the seven-year-old Yin family of five lived in Zhenjiang. Her grandmother, mother, grandfather and brother were all killed by Japanese soldiers. I was stabbed three times in the back by Japanese soldiers, and later I was saved. Now living in Beijing, the scars on her back three times are still clearly visible. Ms. Yin wrote an article about her victimization, which was published in the sixteenth issue of Japanese invasion of China. Tian Bolie mentioned in his book: "Neutral foreign observers have visited the lower reaches of the Yangtze River under Japanese occupation. According to their report, the damage is by no means limited to Shanghai and its vicinity. ..... Compared with the complete extinction of production and survival tools, tens of thousands of people died under adultery and slaughter, and its influence is even more terrible! " Tian estimated that the three-month war near Shanghai caused at least 300,000 casualties among China officers and soldiers, and the number of civilian casualties was similar. However, the most terrible "Nanjing Massacre" followed.

There are about 200 thousand people in nearly 8 divisions of the Japanese army. In addition, with the help of the plane, the navy cruised the Yangtze River (because of its excellent weapons, its firepower was three times stronger than that of the Chinese army) and besieged Nanjing in six ways. There are about 65438+200,000 defenders (there are 13 divisions besides the teaching corps and gendarmerie). The Gutian detachment of the 13th Division and the 11th Division of the Japanese Army crossed the Yangtze River in Zhenjiang in the north, taking Yangzhou first, and then detouring to Pukou on the other side of Nanjing in the west. Thirteen divisions and sixty-five regiments formed a Yamada detachment and headed for Shimonoseki along the south bank of the Yangtze River. On February 5th, 6543816th Division entered the building, its 38th and 33rd wings bypassed Tangshui Town, crossed the northern foot of Zijinshan (Needle Mountain) and headed for Xiaguandong Coal Port. With the 9th and 20th wings, attack Qilin Gate, pass through the horse, and approach Zhongshan Gate from the southern foot of Zijin Mountain. The seventh, thirty-fifth, thirty-sixth and nineteenth wings of the ninth division go hand in hand in the south of the sixteenth division, heading for Guanghuamen and Tongjimen. After the 10th Army 1 14 Division, 18 Division and 6 Division landed in Hangzhou Bay, they all went west and passed south of Taihu Lake. Among them, 1 14 division took Yixing in the north around the south bank of Taihu Lake, and attacked Huamiao, Yuhuatai and Zhonghua Gate in the west of Nanjing City through Lishui. 6. After 18 division moved westward,1October 30 165438 fell into Guangde, 18 division and the puppet Yumanshan brigade continued to move westward, and fell into Wuhu, an important town in the south of the Yangtze River, on February 8, 65438. The 13th, 47th and 23rd wings of the 6th Division attacked Zhonghua Gate in the north, which was the left wing of the 1st Division 1 14. Its 45th wing went straight to Shimonoseki from the far left. In addition, the 41st United Front of the Fifth Division, led by the head of Kumu Brigade, went north without taking part in the Guangde War, crossed the Yangtze River in the north of Maanshan, and reached Pukou in the east, thus surrounding Nanjing. On February 9, 65438, Tangshan, chunhua town and Molingguan, all of which were located outside Nanjing, were lost, and the city defense war began. 12 in the morning, the Japanese army captured the Zhonghua Gate in the southwest of the city. At five o'clock in the afternoon, Tang Shengzhi, a speculative warlord who volunteered to defend Nanking, called a meeting above division level and announced his retreat. The troops crossed the river from Shimonoseki to the north and made a positive breakthrough to the south. Tang quickly crossed the river and fled north. After nightfall, Nanjing kept shooting all night and went their separate ways. Officers and men who have no choice pretend to be ordinary people's homes, especially in international security zones. 13 at 9 o'clock in the morning, the Japanese army began to flood into the city from Zhonghua Gate and Zhongshan Gate, and the three-month "Nanjing Massacre" began immediately.

340,000 compatriots were massacred by the Japanese army.

1937 13 February 13, the Japanese invaded Nanjing, and under the command of fascists such as Shigen Matsui, commander of the Central China Army, and Gu Shoufu, head of the Sixth Division, they massacred my unarmed compatriots for six weeks.

After the Japanese army occupied Shanghai, it pushed Nanjing. The Kuomintang troops fought fiercely with the Japanese army many times outside Nanjing, but failed to stop the Japanese army from attacking in multiple ways. 1937 12 13. Nanjing was occupied by the Japanese in the chaos. Under the command of the commander of the Central China Army, Matsui Shigen, the Japanese army did everything it could in Nanjing.

65438+February 65438+May 5, the Japanese army sent more than 2,000 military and police personnel from China to Hanzhong Gate, strafing and burning them with machine guns. On the same day and night, more than 9,000 citizens and soldiers were taken to the naval torpedo battalion by the Japanese army, and all but 9 escaped and were killed.

/kloc-On the evening of 0/6, more than 5,000 soldiers and refugees from China were taken to the riverside of Zhongshan Wharf by the Japanese army, killed by machine guns, and then dumped in the river. Only a few survived.

/kloc-on 0/7, the Japanese army shot and killed more than 3,000 soldiers and civilians from all over the country and Nanjing power plant workers with machine guns at the coal port to Shangyuanmen River, and some of them were burned with firewood.

/kloc-on 0/8, the Japanese army escaped more than 57,000 refugees and prisoners held at the foot of the shogunate from Nanjing, tied them with lead wires and drove them to Xiaguan Caoxie Gorge. First, machine guns were fired, bayonets were repeatedly stabbed, and finally kerosene was poured and set on fire, and the remaining bones were thrown into the Yangtze River. It's a "killing contest" between Japanese Lieutenant Xiang Jing and Noda under the Purple Mountain. After they killed 106 and 105 China people respectively, "the game started again".

In the month after the Japanese army entered Nanjing, there were 20,000 cases of rape and gang rape in the whole city, and no girl, old, weak, women and children were spared. Many women were raped and shot, and their bodies were destroyed, which was terrible. At the same time, the Japanese army burned every household, from Zhonghua Gate to Neiqiao, from Taiping Road to Xinjiekou and the bustling area of Confucius Temple. The fire lasted for several days. About one third of the buildings and properties in the city were reduced to ashes. Numerous houses, shops, institutions and warehouses were robbed. "Nanjing after the robbery is desolate everywhere."

The judgment of the International Tribunal for the Far East, which was later published, wrote: "Japanese soldiers completely insulted the city like a group of indulged barbarians." They "wandered around the city alone or in groups of two or three, committing crimes of murder, rape, robbery and arson", and finally found the bodies of the victims in the streets. "The running water along the river is red, and all the canals and gullies inside and outside the city are full of corpses."

According to the verification of China Nanjing Military Court1February, 946, there were 28 cases of Japanese collective massacre with 6.5438+0.9 million people, and 858 cases of sporadic massacre with 6.5438+0.5 million people. The Japanese army carried out a six-week massacre in Nanking, in which more than 300,000 China soldiers and civilians were shot and buried alive.

While the Chinese nation experienced this disaster of blood and tears, China's cultural treasures were also plundered. According to the survey, after the Japanese invaders occupied Nanjing, they sent 330 spies, 367 soldiers and 830 hard laborers. From March 65438 to March 0938, in a month's time, more than a dozen trucks of books and documents were removed every day, and * * * snatched 880,000 books and documents, exceeding the 850,000 books of Ueno Imperial Library, the largest library in Japan at that time. Nanjing Massacre was a tragedy!

With regard to the evidence of the "Nanjing Massacre", the Nanjing Municipal Council began to collect materials from August 1945 for the trial of China war criminals and the trial of the Far East International Tribunal, which lasted for two years. First of all, the China Military Court tried Gu Shoufu, the head of the 6th Division of the "Nanjing Massacre", in early February of 1947. More than 65,438+0,250 witnesses who witnessed the scene, such as American professors Vides and Smythe, appeared in court or testified by statements, together with material evidence, as the basis of the trial. On March 10, the verdict was announced: "Counting the captured soldiers and civilians, more than 90,000 people were collectively killed and burned190,000 in Zhonghua Menhua Temple, Shiguanyin, Careful Bridge, Broom Lane, Zhengjue Temple, Fangjiashan, Baota Bridge and Xiaguan Caoxie Gorge; In Zhonghua Menxia Wharf, Dongyue Temple, Ducaoxiang, Qilongqiao and other places, there were more than 6.5438+0.5 million sporadic victims and the total number of victims was more than 300,000. " The mass slaughter of 6.5438+0.9 million people and the sporadic slaughter of 6.5438+0.5 million people stipulated in the judgment were based on the situation of more than 65.438+0.2.50 people and the binding certificate of Xu Chuanyin, Zheng, who was responsible for burying the bodies at that time; According to statistics, the Red Cross buried 4,307 bodies1set, and Chongshantang buried bodies112,266 bodies; Inscriptions of more than 3,000 orphan souls in Linggu Temple; In court, Gu Shoufu proudly described thousands of heads in five "mass graves", which were buried together. And there are many publications and photos as physical evidence. In fact, according to the investigation of 14 organizations, China government prosecutor Chen Guangyu submitted the case of "Nanjing Massacre" to the Far East International Military Tribunal in May 1946, with 2,94911victims confirmed, but 200,000 victims were not confirmed. In September of the same year, Chen added 96,260 people to the list of slaughtered people according to the confirmation information he continued to get, so it was determined that the number of slaughtered people should be 39 1, 654,38+0,71. The Tokyo trial paid great attention to the "Nanjing Massacre" and heard the oral testimony of more than ten Chinese and foreign witnesses from China (including Vides, Miki, Dr. Wilson, Xu Chuanyin, Wu Changde, Liang Yanfang, Qin Dechun, etc. ) and accepted more than 100 written testimony. Finally, a cautious and conservative judgment was made: "In the first six weeks after the Japanese occupation, the total number of civilians and prisoners slaughtered in Nanjing and its vicinity reached. This estimate is not exaggerated, which can be proved by the fact that the number of bodies buried by burial teams and other groups has reached 654.38+0.55 million. ..... This figure does not include the bodies that were burned by the Japanese army and put into the Yangtze River, or the bodies that were treated in other ways. "

Since 198 1, with the revival of Japanese militarism, the Japanese Ministry of Education has violently tampered with history textbooks and denied the war of aggression against China and the "Nanjing Massacre". Various cultural and academic organizations in Nanjing, especially Nanjing University and China's Second Historical Archives, organized the "Editorial Committee of Historical Materials of the Nanjing Massacre by Japanese Invaders" to re-investigate and sort out the historical materials and writings of the "Nanjing Massacre". According to the investigation in 1984, there are still more than 700 living victims and witnesses in Nanjing, and their testimonies are collected in the memorial hall for the victims of the Nanjing Massacre established in 1985. The results of this re-investigation made some supplements to the judgment of the China Military Court on the Nanjing Massacre in 1947, but reconfirmed that the number of people in the Nanjing Massacre was 340,000, that is,190,000 people were massacred collectively and150,000 people were massacred sporadically. The first news to spread the "Nanjing Massacre" to the outside world was a telegram sent by Dou Dianan, a reporter from The New York Times in Nanjing. The cover title of The New York Times 1937 12 18 is "Nanjing Rape Case". Its subtitle is "Japanese troops trapped in Nanjing and slaughtered 20 thousand people", and world public opinion made a big fuss. The term "Nanjing rape incident" was also used in future Tokyo trials. In fact, after the fall of Nanjing, there is nothing more tragic for my female compatriots. Japanese troops raped China women day and night, anytime, anywhere. "Rape and murder are inseparable, because the Japanese usually kill the raped women, even their families and children," said Mei Ruoao, a judge from China who tried 1 1 in Tokyo. Xu Chuanyin, who once testified in the "Tokyo Trial" court, gave an example: "A widow outside Shuiximen has three women, the eldest daughter 18 years old, the second daughter 13 years old and the youngest daughter 9 years old. They were gang-raped, the youngest daughter died on the spot, and the eldest daughter and the second daughter were unconscious. " On the campus of Jinling University, an eleven-year-old girl was gang-raped to death by the Japanese army. At another intersection of the Pearl River, a 79-year-old woman was raped, and her son fought to the death with the Japanese army and died. Li Xiuying, who was interviewed by Japanese reporters two years ago, was stabbed more than 30 times in July when she was pregnant. The miracle of not dying is also known to the world. Killing after rape has almost become a rule of the Japanese army. Among the evidence presented by the International Supervision Office to the Tokyo Trial Court, there was a secret order issued by the Japanese military department to the commander of the war zone, forbidding Japanese soldiers to talk about their atrocities in China after returning home, and quoted a squadron leader's instruction on raping soldiers: "In order to avoid causing too many problems, either pay them or kill them afterwards." The order also said: "If all soldiers who have participated in the war are investigated one by one, they are likely to be criminals who kill, rob and rape." As Japanese Yomiuri Shimbun reporter Yukio said in his "Testimony of China Front Journalists", "Few soldiers were raped, and most of them were killed afterwards." The Tokyo trial found that "the Japanese army raped 20,000 women in China within one month after entering the city". Rabe, chairman of the international security zone, also reported to the German government that more than 20,000 rape cases occurred in Nanjing within one month after the Japanese occupation. Pastor McGarren's testimony sent to the Tokyo court includes the words "rape-rape-rape again, we have at least thousands of cases in one night". The Tokyo trial verdict said: "Most of the young girls and elderly women in the city were raped." Vides said in his testimony that from February 6 and 7 of 1938 to that summer, many serious atrocities were still happening. Therefore, according to the statistics and estimates of international people in the "safe area", "at least 80 thousand women were raped in Nanjing." The Japanese raped women everywhere and raped and killed them at the same time. Every day, there are thousands of women in Nanjing. Everyone is in danger. The way the Japanese army ravaged my women was bizarre and tragic, unheard of in ancient and modern history. There are more than 1000 women who are loyal and don't want to be humiliated or raped and feel ashamed, and throw themselves into wells and hanging beams.

After the Japanese army entered Nanjing, they looted and set fire to it, not only looting the business district of Nanjing, but also setting fire to it. After the Japanese army entered the city, they killed everyone and burned every room. The fire lasted for seven weeks, and the night turned into day. The fire spread to Baixia Road, Zhuque Road, Zhonghua Road, Taiping Road and Zhongshan East Road, and the bustling business district was reduced to ashes in a few days. Japanese general commander Matsui Shigen arrived in Nanjing on February 6, 2008 and stayed in Nanjing for a week. After 65438+February 20, the plan will be set on fire again. If citizens dare to rescue, they will be killed without forgiveness. This is what Dr. Wu Sheng and Professor Smythe saw when they drove out: "Taiping Road, the most important business district in this city, is full of flames. Going south, we saw Japanese soldiers set fire to the shop. Further south, we saw Japanese soldiers busy loading things into military trucks. The YMCA is on fire and has not spread to the nearby houses. Obviously, the fire didn't last long. We didn't take a closer look, so we hurried forward. At night, I looked out of the window, and fourteen flames flew into the sky. " The Japanese army set fire under the command of an officer. The officer first marked the door that was considered flammable, and then the soldiers lit it with gasoline and chemicals. The Committee of International Safe Zones has collected several samples of chemical kindling used by the Japanese army to set fire. In a letter to a friend in Shanghai, Fei Wusheng said, "Today is 1 month 1 1 day. ..... When I was driving out last night, I saw fires everywhere, and I also witnessed Japanese soldiers setting fire to another shop. From1February 19 to now, there is hardly a day when Japanese soldiers have not set fire. The day before yesterday, Mr. Kruger managed to slip out of the east gate and came back to tell us that all the huts in the area about 20 miles he passed were burned down, and no one saw them, not even livestock. " Rosen reported to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs on June 5438+0938+ 10/5 that the fire set by the Japanese army was still burning after more than a month of Japanese occupation; One third of the city was burnt down. The Japanese robbery in Nanjing is also unprecedented. Pastor Meggie said in the letter1Feb. 9 19: "In the past week, the Japanese army robbed Nanjing of everything; They even took the car from the German consulate. " Fei Wusheng also said in his letter to his friends in Shanghai: "All private houses in the city, whether occupied or unoccupied, big or small, China people or foreigners, were patronized and looted by the Japanese army." Jin Qin, a staff member of the American Embassy, Bauer, a female missionary, and the residences of Rabe, Bachde, popolo and Zheng Musheng, all of whom were searched and robbed many times, suffered serious losses. Of the 60 houses in Germany, 40 were robbed to varying degrees. The Japanese army robbed Nanjing in a planned way, from the heads of divisions to the soldiers, and many of them made a windfall. On June 1937, June 65438+February 2 1 day, he took over the head of the 1st16th division of Nanjing City Defense from Akio Nakajima, head of the 6th division, and returned home with full loads. He stole Chiang Kai-shek's Four Treasures of the Study. Smythe, a sociologist, led the newly trained staff of the Committee for International Safe Zones to conduct a three-month (1March 8, 938 to June 5, 65438) rural survey and family survey in six counties near Nanjing (namely Jiangpu and Liuhe counties in the north of the Yangtze River and Jiangning, Jurong, Lishui and Gaochun counties in the south of the Yangtze River), and completed the Photo of Nanjing War Disaster. The survey results show that 89% of houses in Nanjing were destroyed; Among them, 2% was destroyed by combat factors and 24% was destroyed by arson; Another 63% was due to robbery and looting. The loss of houses and property outside the city is estimated to be 246 million yuan (at that time, 3.5 yuan RMB was exchanged for 1 USD). The Nanjing Anti-Japanese War Loss Questionnaire published by Nanjing Provisional Senate 1946 estimated that the loss of public and private property during the "Nanjing Massacre" was about 230 billion yuan (at that time, 20 yuan was exchanged 1 US dollar).