Second, Nobel Prize in Literature.

Nobel Prize in Literature and Nobel wrote their wills on 1895 and 1654381220,000 Swedish kronor to set up a fund with interest as a bonus every year, and awarded it to "the person who made the greatest contribution to mankind in the past year". According to his will, the Swedish government established the Nobel Foundation in the same year, which is responsible for distributing the annual interest of the fund in five equal parts, and the literature prize is one of them.

The literary prize is awarded to those who have created the best works with ideal tendency in the field of literature. The prize was awarded by the Swedish Academy Literature Award.

In 20 12, Nobel Prize in Literature awarded China writer Mo Yan.

20 1 5101on the afternoon of October 8th1,the Swedish Academy awarded 20 15 Nobel Prize in Literature to Svilana Ljesevic, a Belarusian woman writer and journalist.

Third, the origin of the award:

brief introduction

Alfred bernhard Nobel is a famous Swedish inventor and chemist. Born in Stockholm on June1833+1October 2 1 day, died of heart disease in San Remo, Italy on June1896+February1day. He mainly devoted himself to the research of explosives, including nitroglycerin, detonators, solid explosives, rubber explosives and smokeless explosives. In addition, there are many inventions in hydrogen-oxygen welding technology of artificial rubber, rayon, artificial leather, gas engine and steel, and * * * has obtained 85 invention patents. He was very concerned about the cause of peace since he was a child, hoping to use his invention to eliminate war and benefit mankind.

Reward principle

1. The person who made the most important discovery or invention in physics; 2. People who have made the most important discovery or improvement in chemistry; 3. People who have made the most important discoveries in physiology or medicine; 4. People who create the best works with ideal tendency in literature; 5. People who have done their best or made the greatest contribution to the harmony and goodwill among ethnic groups, the abolition or reduction of the standing army, and the organization and publicity of the peace conference. The physics and chemistry prizes are awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy Science Prize; The Physiology and Medicine Prize is awarded by Caroline College of Surgery; The literature prize is awarded by the Swedish Academy Literature Prize; The Peace Prize is awarded by a five-member committee elected by the Norwegian Parliament.

testament

According to the personal wishes of the founder, Nobel Prize in Literature awarded "the person who has created the best works with ideal tendency in literature in the last year". 1900, the basic articles of association approved by the king were changed to "works created in recent years" or "works whose significance only appeared in recent years", and the concept of "literary works" was expanded to "works with literary value", including historical and philosophical works. The literature prize is managed by the Stockholm Nobel Foundation, and the winners are judged by the Swedish Academy. Therefore, a special institution was set up in the institute, and the Nobel Library was established to collect literary works, encyclopedias and newspaper articles from various countries.

rule

According to the articles of association, only academicians of literary colleges of various countries, professors of literature history and Chinese language in universities and other institutions of higher learning, Nobel Prize in Literature laureates over the years and presidents of writers' associations of various countries have the right to recommend candidates, and my application will not be considered. Submit letters of recommendation to the Swedish Academy of Literature before 65438+ 10/every year, and the selection results will be announced around 1 65438+1 0/. Awards are generally awarded to a writer's achievements in the whole creation, and sometimes to a certain work, such as Tibos by French writer Madu Galen, Budenbrook by German writer Thomas Mann, Forsyte Family by British writer John Galsworthy and Bridge over the Drina by Yugoslav writer Andric. 19 14, 19 18, 1935, 1940 to 1943,/.

Four. About the author:

Alfred Bernard Nobel (1833.10.21896.12.10) is a Swedish chemist, engineer, inventor, manufacturer of military equipment and inventor of explosives.

Nobel did own Bofors before his death. This company has a history of 350 years. Before that, it mainly produced steel. After Nobel owned Bofors, he changed the company's main product direction to produce military products. During World War II, many products of this company were authorized to be produced in many countries and were widely praised by the military. Nobel has 355 patented inventions in his life, and has opened about 100 companies and factories in 20 countries on five continents, such as Europe and America, and accumulated huge wealth.

One year before his death, Li Zhi used most of his legacy (about US$ 9.2 million) as a fund, divided the annual interest into five parts, and set up five prizes (namely the Nobel Prize) for physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, and awarded them to people all over the world who have made great contributions to mankind in these fields. Among them, explosives are the most famous one. Artificial elements are named after Nobel.