Fa Yan, a disciple of Dao Fen, was born (now Huzhou, Zhejiang), and his common name was Xu. He has a good understanding of the samadhi and division of Taoism, and his brushwork is vigorous and impressive. "Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties" is also recorded.
The painting monk Zhihui, who was a little later than Daofen, was born in Shaanxi and was a monk in Zhongtan bathroom in Luoyang.
There are Taoist priests in landscape paintings. In the Record of Famous Paintings in Tang Dynasty, Zhu advocated that his landscape could be natural.
Faming, a monk in Tongzhou, Shaanxi (now Dali County), is good at describing his appearance. He was once called into the Forbidden City by Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, and painted portraits of seventeen bachelors, including Zhang Shuo, in Li Zhengting Hall. All of them were self-possessed and won the appreciation of the emperor. This painting is also treasured by the Royal Academy of Painting. See "Famous Paintings of Past Dynasties".
Painters Yan Zhi and Shi Gui, who are active in Kaifeng, are famous for their Buddhist group portraits in Suoguo Temple. Yan Zhi's three-way causal path diagram, Master Gui's nine-door interpretation of Fan Wangdi, and the 28-level merit of the inner wall of the East Gallery are all called the stunts of Suoguo Temple by contemporary people because of their colorful characters and wonderful pictures. Guo's Pictures and Stories recorded this point.
Monks painting in the late Tang Dynasty are quite distinctive, such as Jiang Monk, who is famous for painting pine trees. When Nuozong (reigned in 1983- 1988), he painted giant pine murals for Chuanjing Academy, which made people feel the sound of Songtao. The famous poet Zheng Gu is full of poetry. In Yuntai, there is a poem praising monk Jiang's exquisite painting skills.
The emblem of a monk in Nanhai (now Guangzhou, Guangdong Province) is famous for painting dragons, with the head painted and the tail hidden, which is quite fascinating.
In the Tang Dynasty, there were also some painting monks who were versatile and good at mathematics, such as Gui Zhi. Famous painting books of past dynasties say that he is good at landscapes, ghosts and gods, and his works are neat and tidy. Another example is Chu 'an, a native of Shifang, Zhou Shu (now Sichuan). He is not only good at drawing figures and pavilions, but also big and small. For example, there are large murals and small round fans in the Summer Palace of the Qing Palace with Xinghua in the Ming Dynasty and the Suzhou Terrace of Wang Wuyan. Although the size is different, but the kung fu is not diminished, it is praised as a wonderful pen by the ministers. See Huang Xiufu's Yizhou Painting Record; Another example is a monk from Puguang Temple in the capital. His surname is usually Yao. Shi Daoxuan's "Continued Biography of Monks" said that he was proficient in piano, chess, calligraphy and painting and was famous in Beijing. All of the above explains the activities of painting monks in the Tang Dynasty.
Ju Ran is the most famous of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms. According to Xuanhe Huapu, he was a native of Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), lived in Kaiyuan Temple in Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu), and was a disciple of Dong Yuan, a master of landscape painting. When the Southern Tang Dynasty destroyed the Song Dynasty (1975), he followed Li Houzhu to Bianjing (now Kaifeng City, Henan Province) and lived in Kaibao Temple, where he was famous for his superb painting skills. He was invited to create a mural for the bachelor's college.
Hui Jian, a landscape painter in Houshu, was a monk in Zheng Guang Third Academy (938-965). At the invitation of Chengdu Dasheng Temple, he painted the mural "Wu Wang Rock Valley Tai Su Map", which is packed with people, beautiful scenery, magnificent momentum and even sunny. "Yizhou Famous Painting Record" is about it.
Followers of the post-Shu dynasty, after that, are also longer than Buddhist portraits. He is from Guanghan, Sichuan. He painted large-scale murals for xingguo temple Bathroom Hospital, the Third College of the Great Temple, Jiedi Hall and other places, and is famous for the statue of Damocles.
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Hui Chong, a monk of landscape painting, was most famous for his freehand brushwork. He is from Jianyang, Fujian, and is good at writing poems. He is also known as the "Nine Poets and Monks" with Zanning and Wu Yuan. Hui Chong is good at painting, especially outstanding. The paintings of Han Ting Zhu Yuan and Yu Yan Lu Yan show the desolate and empty image of the rural areas in the south of the Yangtze River, which is full of relaxation.
In the early Song Dynasty, there was another monk, Xiufan, who was famous for painting Taihu Stone. He is from Runzhou (now Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province). The lake stones painted are like clouds or waves, which are strange and changeable, but exquisite and unique. There is Deng Chun's Painting with it.
In the mid-Northern Song Dynasty, Jiangyin was famous for being good at painting water. He once painted a watercolor painting for the lintel of Guangfu Temple in Jiangyin. According to Jiangyin Xinzhi, the water he painted was either white and surging. Or the blue waves are rippling, the spring water is like the sky, and there is a kind of agility and informality, which is called "like micro-water".
At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the landscape painting monk Dezheng moved from Liyang (now a county in Anhui Province) to Wuxian (now Suzhou City in Jiangsu Province) and lived in Shile Temple in Lushan Mountain in his later years. I like to visit famous mountains and rivers, and after returning to China, I painted what I saw and heard as a lying tour, with elegant and poetic style. He is a sketch artist, and he has Li's charm. See Wuxian Annals for details.
B, figure painting monk
The direction of figure painting is to paint the strength of monks, and the Northern Song Dynasty is no exception. A monk who is good at painting portraits, had the method of moving the capital in the early Song Dynasty, and was a true Sect (since 1022 1998). Lin Bu, a hermit in the West Lake Gushan, wrote Poems and Poems Vivid by Imitation, praising his painting skills:
Worship of the Forbidden City is as rare as the study of teachers' art..
Another painter, Shang Renping, once painted a portrait of Li Gou, a great scholar, which was very charming. Li Gou's Xu Jiangji has a poem to thank it.
The Emperor of the Northern Song Dynasty asked the painter to draw the imperial capacity. 1976 to 1997 When Emperor Taizong was in power, the monk Suoguo Temple in Beijing was called to take pictures of the emperor and was praised by Emperor Taizong for his skill. He also painted bamboo. Liu Daochun's "Comments on Famous Paintings of the Song Dynasty" said that he and Tang and Dong Yu of the Five Dynasties were pioneers in painting bamboo.
During the reign of Renzong (1023- 1063), Jiahe (now Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province) and Shang Weizhen were called to Beijing to paint Yu Rong, saying that he was very generous. For a time, celebrities, officials and dignitaries were proud of his portrait. See "Pictures and Stories" for details. According to "Painting Spectrum", a monk from Miaoshan once painted a portrait of the emperor, and Su Dongpo presented a poem. According to "The Drama Record of Gengyin Road", when Zhe Zongshi (reigned from 1086 to110), a monk in Chengdu looked forward to Ji, and his common surname was Su Dongpo and Su Aizhi. The topic is like a cloud:
If the eyes are newborn calves, the heart is like a boat that is not tied.
To ask a person's occupation, Huangzhou Huizhou Yazhou.
The Buddhist figure painting of the Northern Song Dynasty is also very skillful. Tan Su, a native of Jiangyin, once painted "Liang Wudi asked Zhang Sengyou to write" Zhi Gong in disguise "on the back wall of the West Garden of Guangfu Temple in Jiangyin for Jia You (1056- 1063). His brushwork is vigorous and full of pride, and the audience is amazed. It contains "New Records of Jiangyin". People in Wuxian are good at drawing arhats, and there is a picture of 500 arhats, which is vivid in form and has great personality. Qin Guan compared him to Dai Kui, the author of Wu County Records, a great painter in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Zhiping, a monk of Liang Qing Temple in Chengdu, is famous for painting Guanyin. He painted a Guanyin statue for the Pu Xian Pavilion of the Land and Water Institute, which was quite kind and dignified. Monks in Chengdu Bailing Courtyard are empty, and they also make murals for Pu Xian Pavilion in Shuilu Courtyard. In addition to people, they also work as landscapes; Huayang, Chengdu (now Chengdu, Sichuan) painted a monk, Li Fozhu, without Zhu dye, with sketches; He also has flowers, birds and landscapes, and put forward the theory that calligraphy and painting are interlinked. For the above three paintings of monks, see Biography.
C. Monks who draw flowers and birds
In the early Northern Song Dynasty, the monks who painted flowers and birds took Jiangnan as their prosperity. For example, Meng Xiu, who has the same name as a monk in the late Tang Dynasty, can fly to Bai Mo for fun as a flower, bird and bamboo stone with a trembling gesture, alternating between reality and reality, which is particularly clever and gives people beautiful enjoyment; Another example is Piling (now Changzhou City, Jiangsu Province), where people live in Ning and paint grasshoppers. The brushwork is vigorous and handsome, and the pen and ink are simple and interesting. Mei's Collected Works of Mr. Wan Ling has a poem to comment on it:
Ning Xin is really blessed, sitting and letting the group fall.
In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, the monk who painted flowers and birds was not in a corner of the south of the Yangtze River, but there was a Jianyang man who was good at painting flowers and birds. He is good at painting Yunzhou (now Gao 'an County, Jiangxi Province) in Zhu Mei, the history and culture of Mo Zhu (now Jiading City, Sichuan Province), and Jiajiang, who is good at painting insects, is conscious. Bai Xi, a native of Changsha, is good at drawing lotus flowers. , in "Painting History Society"; Zhong Ren, a good painter of plum blossoms in Huang Tingjian's Valley Collection, is the best among his peers.
Ren Zhong lived in Huaguang Temple in Hengzhou (now Hengyang City, Hunan Province), hence the name Huaguang. He loves the nobility of plum blossoms, so he planted plum trees around the temple. Every time he goes to bloom, he moves the bed under the plum blossom and recites it all day. Occasionally, I see a thin shadow in front of the window on a moonlit night, so cute that I spread out paper and ink to draw the shape of plum blossoms, so my painting skills have made great progress and become higher and higher. Ren Zhong paints plums, changing floating colors into ink and wash, which is very elegant. Hua Zhen is very appreciative of this unique initiative. He wrote in Yunxi Jushi Collection? The poem "Zhong Ren Mo Juan Plum Blossom" says:
The world painted plum Fudan powder, and the mountain monk painted plum rhyme ink;
The shallow cage is dyed high and low, and the cigarette glue turns to Hua Yao color.
The cold branch scale performance is ancient, like a war, the wind is falling,
Three warehouses and two pens are not annoying, and full of letters are like the sun.
Powder thinning, yellow danger, light fragrance sweeping, powerful.
Don't wait for the lonely root heater to return, write the spring news clearly.
Zhong Ren's works spread to Japan, and Juntaiguan included his plum and bamboo paintings. See Japan's About the View of Juntai. There are also many artists, such as Yang, a native of Qingjiang, Jiangxi. He painted a monk, Song Qi, and called him a gentleman. Disciple Yang painted a monk with the word Ze Weng, a common surname of Tong, and was good at ink painting plum. He can be called Ren Zhong's second disciple. He is also a landscape bamboo stone with a blue victory. See Pictorial Treasure for details.
Ding, other painting monks
There was also a Longshui painter in the Northern Song Dynasty. He is from Siming (now Ningbo, Zhejiang). Because he lives by the sea, he knows a lot about waves. He is good at winding like a dragon. Stegosaurus (1960 to 1962) was famous for a while. Imperial academy has painted a dragon screen, which seems to have the sound of dragon waves. Hours are the last word. According to Xuanhe Huapu, there are as many as 3 1 frame in the Imperial Palace alone. The disciples of the ancient method are merciful, uncolored and elegant. They are all good at drawing dragon water and have their own beautiful voices in the painting world.
4. Painting monks in Southern Song Dynasty
First, landscape painting monks
After Dunan in Song Dynasty, the political situation was a little peaceful, and the imperial court restored Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, Zhejiang) Painting Academy. /kloc-After more than 0/00 years, because there is no war in the south, the economy is prosperous, and religion and painting have also developed to some extent. In the early days, landscape painting monks were famous as long teachers. His painting style is simple, and his interest wins, which is recorded in Zheng's "Beishan Anthology". In Xichun (1 174- 189), a monk named Lao Wu painted mountains and rivers as simple and naive as Ju Ran. There is a poem in Qiu Zhuzhai's poem.
Dezhi, a landscape painting monk in the mid-Southern Song Dynasty, was named Gu Qing, a native of Jiangxi, who was good at painting and poetry. He once painted landscape paintings for the left and right walls of Lushan Mountain, and Zhu wrote poems for them. See the painting history meeting for details.
Ruofen was the most influential landscape painting monk in the late Southern Song Dynasty. His name is Zhong Shi, nicknamed Meet, and he is from Wuzhou (now Jinhua, Zhejiang). A teenager has been a monk for forty years, and mountains and rivers are all over the world. In his later years, he lived in Shangtianzhu Temple in Hangzhou and devoted himself to writing. His works are bold and unrestrained, concise and dripping, and turned into magnificent shock. There are poems in Jin Luxiang's Collection of Renshan, Wang Bai's Collection of Luzhai and Wu Shidao's Collection of Wu Li Steps. Ruofen's paintings "Lushan Mountain Map" and "Yuan Pu Gui Fan Map" are now in Japan and are deeply loved by Japanese audiences.
The monk in Huiji is detached and a landscape painter in the late Song Dynasty. His works, like Guo, are magnificent in the north. Shuikou, houses, forests and rocks, and sloping beaches are all caused by scattered hills in the south. People are like Ju Ran. He also painted figures and bamboo paintings. See "Painting Treasure".
B, figure painting monk
Fan Long, a monk in Xing Wu, was a famous figure painter in the Southern Song Dynasty. He is a prolific poet, and he has no name to live in. The Buddha statue he painted is better than a high-profile hairspring, and the pen and ink are far away, which is quite like Li's work. Song Gaozong (reigned in1127-1162) liked his paintings very much. Every time he saw them, he wrote something about them and gave buddhist nun a place at Di Chin Mountain in Wansongling near the Forbidden Park. Lu You is recorded in Selected Works of Weinan.
A little later than Fang Long, Jiangxi drew a monk An Deyu, who was also good at drawing figures. There is a picture of the third birthday, which depicts the longevity of the elderly and gives people a feeling of happiness and kindness. Premier Zhou Bida's "Plain Collection" has a gift to the cloud:
The portrait of Dan Qing has been written in Xiangshan, and Luo Recitation is still recited by the deputy ink.
Another Jiangxi painter, Master Hui, sat at the table of nanzenji, who was in Jishui. He studied painting in Hangzhou, and is famous for being good at protecting the statue of the heavenly king. See Wen Tianxiang's Wenshan Collection.
C. Monks who draw flowers and birds
In the early Southern Song Dynasty, monks were famous for painting flowers and fruits. The grapes he made are crystal clear and tender, which makes people drool. Chen Zao received "Poems of Painting Grapes by Teachers", including Chen's "Longevity Collection in Jianghu". Tongxi (now Shengxian County, Zhejiang Province) painted a monk who was famous for painting plum blossoms, called Ying Ren Shang, and praised Lu You's poems. Ren Guang, who lives in Nanyue (now Hengyang City, Hunan Province), is also famous for painting plums, and Zhang Wei, a Taoist master, painted for him, which can be found in picturesque poems.
In the late Southern Song Dynasty, the Buddhist flower-and-bird painting method has always been outstanding. His name is Muxi, and his common surname is Xue. He is a Sichuanese and lives in Wannian Temple in Tiantai Mountain, Zhejiang Province. With a sense of justice, he was persecuted for attacking the mistakes made by the powerful minister Jia Sidao in the country. Buddhism is often forbidden to draw monks' disciples. He is good at drawing apes and cranes, dragons and tigers, landscapes and figures, all of which are written in essays and works. Simple and profound taste, perfect shape. Drawing fruit sketches is particularly skillful and interesting. Wu's "Song Zhai Mei Pu" and Zhuang Su's "Painting with Supplement" both described this matter. The works of master and apprentice, which were not allowed, spread to Japan during the reign of Nali Zong (1225-11264). Today, there are Buddhist paintings and Guanyin statues of apes in Dade Temple in Tokyo. Frequent paintings have a great influence on Japanese Zen paintings, so they are listed as national treasures or important cultural property in Japan.
Luo Chuang, who lives in Liu Tong Temple, West Lake, Hangzhou, is similar to Chang Fa's paintings and has a strong Zen spirit, and his influence has spread far and wide in Japan. For details, please refer to the description of Jun Taiguan's Left and Right.
In addition, there is a monk who is good at painting plum blossoms. Zhao's "Zhu Mei Pu" is called Plum Blossom, which is flourishing and very interesting. Tiejian is good at painting ink bamboo. Peng Yuncan's Notes on Farming and Reading Tian Zhai said that poets in Song and Yuan Dynasties had many doubts about his ink bamboo. No. Kuya, a native of Fuzhou, lives in Chong 'an Kaishan Hospital and befriends Zhu. His bamboo and stone paintings are often praised by Zhu. See Fuzhou official records for details.
Ding, other painting monks
Lou Key's Collection of Attacking Roses records that the monk of Lingyin Temple in Hangzhou was a painting monk in the early Southern Song Dynasty. His common surname was Xing and his name was Yun, and he was born in Kaifeng. After crossing the south, he became a monk and was good at painting dragons and cows. Only a few strokes, but he saw the form and spirit. Cattle and rabbits are particularly lively and lovely, so they are named "Old Cow".
There were also many painting monks active in the painting world in Song Dynasty. For example, the monks of landscape painting have the ambition of Sichuan, the wisdom of the four heavenly palaces in Chengdu, the wisdom of Suining, the true wisdom of Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and the Minghe of the lost nation; The monks in the figure paintings include Daohong of Emei, Sichuan, the younger ancestor of Daojiang (now guanxian, Sichuan), Zhiping and his disciples of Liang Qing Temple in Chengdu, Zuying of Zunyuan, a immortal in Chengdu, a folk star of Pengcheng (now Tongshan County, Jiangsu Province), Ren Xuan, Zhishi, Shen Yan and Shangzuo of Yongjia, Zhejiang Province. Monks who paint flowers and birds have lost their homes, and Huizhou boats at Changqing Temple in West Lake, Hangzhou. Because the literature only contains its story, the Northern and Southern Dynasties are unknown, so it is listed here to see the prosperity of painting monks in the Song Dynasty.
5. Painting monks in Yuan Dynasty
Although the Yuan Dynasty was less than a hundred years old, the Mongolian aristocrats, as rulers, believed in Tibetan Buddhism and paid equal attention to many religions, so Buddhism flourished. At the same time, when the Imperial Examination was abolished in the Yuan Dynasty, many scholars were not allowed to be officials and were discriminated against by ethnic groups. Instead, he turned to Zen and strengthened the cultural accomplishment of Buddhism. Scholars are also more interested in painting monks than the previous generation, and the freehand brushwork function of painting has been deepened. People especially like to take plum, orchid, pine, bamboo and grapes as themes to express their noble feelings, and flower-and-bird painting has developed unprecedentedly. Relatively speaking, other painting subjects are slightly inferior.
-Harmless dividing line.
Poor, change yourself.