American publishing houses can be roughly divided into the following types;

1. Comprehensive Publishing House

Such publishing houses are generally large in scale, well-funded and complete in publishing categories. Among these publishers, mcgraw-hill companies is the most representative.

McGraw-Hill Company, founded in 1873, is an established company with a history of over 100 years, with an annual output of over 3,000 books, and is a giant in the American publishing industry. It consists of the following groups and companies:

(1) Educational and professional groups

(2) Professional publishing group

(3) Professional Book Group

(4) Science and engineering books.

(5) Business books.

(6) Electronic and multimedia products.

(7) Computers and electronic books.

(8) Medical Publishing Group

(9) Ibero-American Group

(10) Asia Pacific Construction Group.

(1 1) Health Grade Management Group

(12) International Marketing and Rights

(13) McCall Ryerson Co., Ltd.

(14) mcgraw-hill companies of Shepard

As can be seen from the above, it has a huge publishing system, covering a wide range of disciplines and majors, almost everything.

2. Professional publishing houses

This kind of publishing house mainly publishes monographs on various subjects, including many comprehensive large-scale publishing houses, such as AcadeAnc Press Inc (founded in 1942, 1995, publishing 400 copies and printing 6500 copies) and Willie Company (founded in 1807, 1995). There are 9953 kinds of books in print), and there are also small and medium-sized publishing houses that are quite famous in a certain field, such as lippincott Yileiwen Publishing Company (established in 1792, 1995 published books 192, and 5000 kinds of books in print) and mosby Company (established in 65438). Saunders (W. B.Saunders, founded in 1888, 1995, published 175 books and 1400 books) and Williams & Wilkins (founded in 1890) Chemical Rubber Company (CRC Press lnc, founded in 19 13, 1995 with 400 books and 28O0 books in print) and Fodor's TravelPublications Inc, which is famous for publishing travel books, were founded in 1936.

3. Textbook Publishing House

This kind of publishing house is famous for publishing textbooks for primary and secondary schools and universities, such as Horton Mifflin (founded in 1832), including primary and secondary schools and universities; Addison WDsley Longman publishing company, which includes higher education group and primary and secondary school publishing group.

4. Academic Association Press

The mother of this kind of publishing house is Xuelian, and they have their own publishing houses of a certain scale. There are about 80-90 such publishing houses in America. For example, the American Chemical Society (ACS) Press, founded in 1876, includes the world-famous Chemical Abstracts Society, which publishes abstract periodicals, monographs and other professional reference books. Another example is the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) Press, established in 1902, which mainly publishes standards, manuals and scientific and technological publications.

5. University Press

The earliest university press in America is JohnsHopkins Univerxity Press, which was founded in 1878. 190 new books were published in 1995, and 2,239 books were in print. At present, there are about 180 university publishing houses in the United States, the largest of which are the following three:

(1) University of California Press: founded in 1893, 1995 has published 280 books and 3600 books in print.

(2) University of Chicago Press: Founded in 189 1 year, 1995 has published 264 books and 3,977 books in print.

(3) Harvard University Press: founded in 19 13, 1995 published 242 books, with 2806 books in print.

University press publishes academic works, which is different from ordinary commercial press. Most of them publish less than 30 books every year, but they play a huge role in spreading the latest scientific technology and research results. According to related reports, books published by American university press account for about 12% of the national book variety and 1.5% of the national book sales.

6. Paper Book Publishing House

Speaking of "paper books", there are two concepts of paper books in the United States. One is called "trade paper books", which generally refers to paperbacks; The other is called "mass market paper book", which refers to cheap paper books in small format. Here, most paper book publishers refer to "popular paper books" publishers. The first paper book publishing house in America appeared in 1936. Later, during the Second World War, in order to meet the special needs of wartime, the number of paper book publishing houses increased greatly, and paper book novels were once very popular. At present, there are hundreds of publishing houses in the United States that publish paper books, but most of them are very small or very small, and only a few books are published every year. Paper books are characterized by fast publishing speed, small format, low price, popular selection of materials and suitable for public interest. The printing volume is generally relatively large, and the circulation of particularly best-selling books is over one million.

Bantam Books, the most famous paper book publishing house in the United States, has the reputation of "Bantam Chicken" because it takes Bantam Chicken as a social symbol. It is one of the two largest paper book companies in the world, along with the British Penguin Company. Bantam Book Company was founded in 1945, and is now a member company of Bantam Doubleday Dell Publishing Group Inc.

7. Electronic Publishing House

Electronic publishing house is a new recruit in publishing industry, and it is a new publishing house born with the progress of science and technology and the wide application of computer technology. According to statistics, there are more than 180 publishing houses in the United States that publish CDs or other electronic publications. Some big publishing houses have special publishing departments, such as mcgraw-hill companies, which has "Electronic and Multimedia Products Company" and "Computing and Electronic Books Company". Random House has "Random House New Media Company" and so on. With the further development of electronic publications and multimedia, the proportion of sales in this part will become larger and larger.

8. Reference Book Publishing House

Reference book publishers are not independent, because many publishers publish different types of reference books. It is worth mentioning that there are two major professional reference book publishers in the United States: one is R. R.Bowker, which publishes the Guide to ulich International Journals, and the other is International Acronyms (and Abbreviations Dictionary) and the Directory of International Research Centers. These two publishing companies enjoy a high reputation among Chinese readers.