Entrepreneurial decision; Influencing factors; correlation analysis
I. Introduction
Since 1999, China's colleges and universities have expanded their enrollment on a large scale, and the number of college graduates has increased every year, but the number of social jobs has not increased in proportion, which will inevitably lead to the contradiction between supply and demand in the labor market. The impact of the global financial crisis on China is not only manifested in the real economy, but also aggravated the already contradictory employment situation. The economic policy of promoting employment through entrepreneurship can not only solve the embarrassment of college students' employment and create huge opportunities, but also bring new economic growth points to society.
In recent years, college students' entrepreneurship has not only made the society and schools realize the potential of students, but also made people have a new understanding of the development and utilization of this valuable human resource. Psychological research shows that the most active period of creativity is 25-29 years old. Young people of this age are in the awakening period of creative psychology. They are full of longing and yearning for creation, less bound by traditional habits, with the creative spirit of "newborn calves are not afraid of tigers", strong sense of innovation, daring to be unconventional and active in thinking. They are naturally the main force of entrepreneurship.
For the influencing factors of college students' entrepreneurial decision, domestic research mainly focuses on students' own factors such as personality traits, ability and quality, school and social education service system. It only qualitatively analyzes the family, school, society and other factors that have an important impact on college students' entrepreneurial decision, but does not discuss the influence degree of each factor in depth. Taking colleges and universities in Yunnan Province as an example, this paper quantitatively analyzes the influence degree of various influencing factors on decision-making by constructing a model that affects entrepreneurial decision-making, and puts forward reasonable suggestions for the current entrepreneurial upsurge.
Second, research methods.
1. Exponential construction and model hypothesis
According to the relevant literature, it is assumed that family, school, policy and individual college students are the four main dimensions that affect college students' entrepreneurial decision-making, and indicators for measuring each dimension are constructed, as well as related indicators for measuring college students' entrepreneurial decision-making. These indicators include: parents' wishes, funds, social relations, entrepreneurship courses, entrepreneurship training, entrepreneurship competitions, practical activities, entrepreneurship consultation, loans, taxes, examination and approval procedures, knowledge, ability, characteristics, views on college students' entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship plans.
Taking college students' entrepreneurial decision-making as the dependent variable and the four main dimensions that affect college students' entrepreneurial decision-making as the independent variables, the model and assumptions are as follows:
Figure 1- 1 initial hypothesis model
H 1: Family has a significant positive impact on college students' entrepreneurial decision-making.
H2: Schools have a significant positive impact on college students' entrepreneurial decision-making.
H3: Policies have a significant positive impact on college students' entrepreneurial decision-making.
H4: Personal knowledge and ability have a significant positive impact on college students' entrepreneurial decision-making.
2. Design of the scale
In order to facilitate quantitative analysis, this study chooses Likert scale to measure various indicators. For each indicator design question, the alternative answers are divided into five parts ("very consistent, consistent, general, inconsistent, extremely inconsistent", with scores of "5, 4, 3, 2, 1" respectively), and the respondents are required to make a choice on the evaluation of each indicator according to their actual situation.
For example, the question of measuring parents' wishes is "My parents want me to start my own business in the future", and the alternative is "A, very consistent, B, consistent, C, average, D, inconsistent, E, very inconsistent". See appendix 1 for details of the questionnaire.
3. Sample selection and basic situation description
In Yunnan universities, this study selected 20 12 graduates from Yunnan University, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan Normal University and Yunnan University of Finance and Economics as the survey objects. In this study, 400 questionnaires were sent out, and 290 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a recovery rate of 72.5%.
4. Analytical methods
This paper mainly carries out factor analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and simple statistical analysis through statistical analysis software SPSS 13.0. The validity and reliability of the scale are tested by exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis, so as to improve the model and determine the scale officially used for testing; On this basis, the influence degree of each influence dimension on decision-making is measured through correlation analysis; Finally, it makes a simple statistical analysis of college students' entrepreneurial intention and motivation.
Third, data processing and results.
1. Factor analysis and reliability test
Through the statistical software SPSS 13.0, KMO test and bartlett sphericity test were carried out for independent variables and dependent variables respectively. The KMO values of dependent variables and independent variables were 0.777 and 0.72 1 respectively, which indicated that the questionnaire was suitable for factor analysis. At the same time, the statistical values of bartlett sphericity test are 1367.777 and 8 1.973, respectively, corresponding to the probability Sig. Both are 0.000.
Principal component analysis was carried out on independent variables and dependent variables, and rotation was carried out by maximum variance method. Four factors with eigenvalues greater than 1 and 1 factors are obtained in the independent variable and the dependent variable respectively. Four factors in independent variables account for 64.064% of the total variance in the data, and 65,438+0 factors in dependent variables account for 74.904% of the total variance in the data. After factor rotation, the factor load values greater than 0.5 are rearranged, which shows that the questionnaire has high structural validity.
From the results of reliability analysis, the reliability coefficient of each factor and the whole questionnaire is greater than 0.7, so the questionnaire has good reliability.
2. Correlation analysis
Pearson correlation analysis of four influencing dimensions and entrepreneurial decision-making shows that college students' entrepreneurial decision-making is significantly related to family, school and policy, among which family is the strongest, followed by school and policy, and has no significant correlation with college students' personal factors.
Table 2-3 Pearson correlation coefficient matrix
3. Simple statistical analysis
(1) Analysis of Entrepreneurship Intention
From the statistical results, it can be seen that 7.6% of the students are confident to start a business at this stage, which is lower than the entrepreneurial level of 20%-25% in developed countries, but higher than the national average entrepreneurial rate of 1% in the national survey in 2065, 438+0. College students who want to start a business but feel that the time is not ripe and a little bit confused still account for the majority, not 35.9% and 33.438+0% respectively. It shows that under the influence of certain families, schools and policies, more and more college students have the intention to start a business.
(2) Analysis of entrepreneurial motivation
From the statistical results, it can be seen that the pursuit of wealth is the biggest motivation for college students to start a business, and about 66.438+0% of the respondents chose this one. In addition, the pursuit of freedom, employment pressure and improving social status are also the main motives of college students' entrepreneurship, with 44. 14%, 33. 1% and 26.9% respondents choosing them respectively. In addition, improving social status, setting an example for entrepreneurs and loving innovation are also the entrepreneurial motives of a few college students.