Basic introduction Chinese name: Japan Aerospace Consulting Agency: Cosmos Development Committee Significance: Developing the influence of aviation industry: Promoting the development of science and technology Text: Japan was an aviation developed country during World War II and once produced "Zero" fighters. The aviation industry has the largest number of employees, reaching 6.5438+0 million, with an annual output of 28,000 aircraft. Since the 1950s, the aviation industry has been restored. First, repair the plane, then introduce patents to copy the plane, and then design and manufacture the plane yourself. Japan began to develop rocket and space technology in the mid-1950s, and successively developed three series of solid sounding rockets, namely Pencil, Kappa and Ramda, and conducted several test launches, and then began to develop launch vehicles and artificial earth satellites.
Japanese aircraft and aero-engine manufacturers mainly include Mitsubishi, Fuji, He Xinming, Ishikawa Shimashou and Japan Aircraft Corporation, which are engaged in the research, design, manufacture and maintenance of aircraft and engines. In addition, 17 auxiliary engine development company and hundreds of cooperative companies undertake the task of developing aircraft subsystems. 1982 There were about 26,000 aviation employees, and the total output value of the aviation industry was about 300 billion yen. The Institute of Aerospace Technology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Third Institute of the Technical Headquarters of the Defense Agency are the main aviation technology research institutions in Japan, mainly engaged in applied research and early development. There are 65,438+00 aviation majors in Japanese universities, which focus on basic aviation research in addition to teaching.
Since the mid-1950s, Japan has successively copied F-86, F- 104, F- 15 fighter, P-2, P-3 patrol anti-submarine aircraft, UH- 1, OH-6, S-6 1 helicopter. General-purpose aircraft MU-2, MU-300, FA-200 and regional transport aircraft YS- 1 1 have been sold in Europe and America. Since 1970s, Japan and British rolls royce Company have jointly developed Boeing 767 medium and long-range passenger aircraft and BJ-500 civil aviation engine, and jointly developed BK- 1 17 multi-purpose helicopter with the Federal Republic of Germany. 1983, the Japanese armed forces were equipped with about 1500 aircraft, including about 340 fighters. The main models are F- 104J, F-4EJ and F- 15J. There are about 100 anti-submarine patrol aircraft. The main models are P-2J, P-3C and PS- 1 (Figure 1). Japan's air transport industry is relatively developed, with six air transport companies. Among the 300-person civil aviation fleet, nearly 100 are wide-body passenger aircraft such as Boeing 747. Japan's space industry is led by * * *, and the prime minister's space advisory body is the Space Development Committee. Space development is the responsibility of the Space Development Group of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the Japan Institute of Space Science of the Ministry of Education. The development of technical equipment is mainly undertaken by more than 60 large companies and manufacturers. Founded in 1969, NASDA is the main institution for developing liquid launch vehicles and applying satellites. It is also responsible for organizing the construction and use of launch facilities and satellite tracking equipment. Tsukuba Space Center is an important research and test base, equipped with large-scale space environment simulator, rocket flight simulator and other test facilities. NASDA was launched in Tanegashima, southern Japan. Japan Institute of Space Science was established in 198 1, formerly known as Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, University of Tokyo. Its main task is to carry out space scientific research by means of balloons, sounding rockets and artificial satellites, and to develop solid launch vehicles and scientific satellites. The main affiliated research institutions are Kagoshima Space Center (rocket launch site), Nengdai Test Center (engine test station), Mitsubishi Balloon Observatory and Space Data Processing Center. Since 1963, Japan has been developing Mu series solid launch vehicles with four generations. The fallacy rocket (Figure 2) is launched obliquely. 1970, NASDA decided to introduce American "Delta" launch vehicle technology and develop its own N-type launch vehicle. 1 On September 9, 975, Japan successfully launched the "Chrysanthemum"1technical test satellite with the N- 1 rocket for the first time. 1In February, 977, Japan put the "Chrysanthemum" 2 satellite into geostationary orbit, making Japan the third country in the world to launch a geostationary satellite after the United States and the Soviet Union. 198 1 In August, the meteorological satellite "Sunflower" 2 was put into geostationary orbit by N-2 rocket. By the end of 1984, Japan * * * has successfully launched 30 satellites, which are divided into: ① 9 scientific satellites, among which 1978' s "Aurora" satellite shot aurora with ultraviolet light for the first time; ② Technical test satellite: * *11; ③ application satellites: ** 10 satellite, including 3 meteorological satellites of sunflower, 5 communication satellites of sakura series and 2 broadcasting satellites, of which "Lily" 2 broadcasting satellite was put into geostationary orbit by N-2 rocket in 1984+ 10, and the live broadcast test was carried out, but it was not delivered to the official due to technical failure. (see color map)