When you arrive in Nanjing, start from the Presidential Palace, go west along Zhongshan Road, bypass the Gulou Campus of Nanjing University, and then turn north to get to Yihe Road, but it takes more than ten minutes by car. Indus gathers in the hustle and bustle, extending out of the quiet neighborhood full of buildings in the Republic of China, as if it were a lifetime ago.
1929 1 February 3, 20081day, Chiang Kai-shek promulgated the capital plan, which regarded "residence as the end of life" and divided Nanjing residences into four classes. Villa and garden house on the first floor; Second-and third-class buildings, apartments and ordinary buildings; The fourth level is shanty towns.
By 1933, due to the lack of funds in the later period and the outbreak of the Anti-Japanese War, only the first community was implemented as planned, and a number of garden houses with novel styles and unique styles were built one after another. The residents here, except government officials, are foreign envoys, either rich or expensive. People naturally call it a residential area. Guangong District is located between Jiangsu Road, Ninghai Road, Beijing West Road, Xikang Road and Ningxia Road, with a total area of 690,000 square meters. Imagine the 720,000-square-meter Forbidden City, and the area of Yihe Road in Guangong District is not difficult to know. Yihe Road Mansion, called "Yihe Road Historical and Cultural Block", is the largest and most well-preserved villa complex in the Republic of China.
The saying that "architecture in the Republic of China looks at Nanjing" has long existed. From 1927 to 1949, it took Nanjing National Government 22 years to settle down here, and then left in a hurry. The official residence and mansion it can't take with it have entered history with the capital, and almost every house here has a history worth remembering.
Ninghai Road 15 Red Xiaoyanglou is a first-class protected cultural relic in Nanjing. Speaking of it, its owner Huang is Chiang Kai-shek's logistics manager and director-general of Inspirational Society. At the New Year's party on 1929, Huang started a buffet. Since Chiang Kai-shek, every military and political official has taken turns to go to the counter to choose the food he needs with his own plate. This method not only saves money, but also is easy to manage, and soon became popular all over the country. Except for the first time, in the "New Life Movement" of 1934, Huang promoted a new wedding ceremony to the whole country, that is, the collective wedding. The first group wedding was held in the auditorium of Inspirational Society on Zhongshan East Road, attended by more than 100 couples. The scene is quite spectacular.
Another first-class protected building is the former residence of Liu Jiashu, Lieutenant General of Kuomintang at Ninghai Road 17. It is not only huge, but also unique in artistic style. The two Roman columns in front of the door are beautifully carved. This house was also built by 1936. Liu Jiashu was captured by the * * * production party forces the most times among the Kuomintang officers above the rank of Major General, and * * * had three times. The last time was 1949 65438+ 10 month. In the Battle of Guangxi, his regiment was defeated by the 38th Army of the People's Liberation Army, and he became a prisoner. As a soldier, he has been fighting in the front line. Liu Jiashu did not live in this building in Nanjing for a few days.
This mansion, formerly known as No.34 Yihe Road, was once the residence of Wang Jingwei. No.38 Yihe Road is an unremarkable three-story building, but the contrast between the black gate and the white building still makes people feel a little weird. In the era of Wang Puppet, the status here was equivalent to the retreat in the Central Military Academy and the Xiaohongshan Mansion at the west foot of Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum. In June 1940+065438+ 10, a new owner, Wang Jingwei, was welcomed here. Wang Jingwei is one of the important members of the Kuomintang whose housing conditions are relatively poor. In the early 1930s, Premier Wang Jingwei lived in Sun Li Building on Zhongshan North Road. Later, although an exquisite villa was built in the cemetery west village outside Sun Yat-sen Gate, it was destroyed by the bombing of Japanese planes. When Nanjing fell, Wang Jingwei never imagined that his return to Nanjing would be labeled as "pseudo" in future history textbooks.
The old building located at Jiangsu Road 15 was verified by experts as the former residence of Chen Bulei, which was called "the first stroke of the Kuomintang" in the Republic of China. Prior to this, many historical materials believed that Chen Bulei Mansion was located at No.508 Hunan Road, but it seemed difficult to find the trace of No.508 Hunan Road, and Chen Bulei's apartment disappeared?
In fact, after the victory of the Anti-Japanese War, the National Government was still the capital of Nanjing, and Chen Bulei's family also returned to Nanjing from Chongqing. With the help of Mayor Ma Chaojun, they rented a house at No.508 Hunan Road. Hunan Road, where Chen Bulei Building is located, runs east-west. Its No.508 is located at the present Jiangsu Road 15. Therefore, Chen Mansion did not disappear in that year. It is a unique small building located at Jiangsu Road 15.