In order to understand the connotation and characteristics of comprehensive universities, it is necessary to make a brief review of the emergence of modern universities. The Origin of University in Modern Sense
Peking University
Teachers' and students' associations in medieval Europe. With the end of the dark ages in the Middle Ages, Europeans gradually woke up under the influence of the Enlightenment. Coupled with the rise of free cities and the development of world trade, a pan-European world gradually formed. People also have extensive interests and needs for certain things. Around some cities and a few famous scholars, many scholars and students from all sides have gradually gathered to give lectures and study. Teachers and students form their own universities to safeguard their rights and interests. Teachers and student groups thought that the teaching of theology, law, medicine and basic (liberal arts) must be carried out in advance, and the teaching of these majors combined to become the university at that time. The word universitas gradually refers to this group of teachers and students and becomes the etymology of universities.
The earliest modern university was the University of Bologna in Italy in the12nd century. /kloc-At the beginning of the 9th century, Humboldt Zhang founded the University of Berlin in Germany, creating a new model of university. A new university is generally composed of several colleges (or departments, departments, training and research units, etc.). ) There are different disciplines. It mainly implements full-time undergraduate and higher education, and often provides some incomplete education at all levels.
Tsinghua University
Japanese higher education and some full-time special education. The specific setting standards vary from country to country. In the United States, the Carney Foundation regards a comprehensive university as an institution of higher learning. In comprehensive universities, it can be divided into two categories: the first category has more than 2500 students, all of whom can be awarded bachelor's degrees except a few. The second category,1500-2,500 students, all of whom are awarded bachelor's degrees, and more than half of them are awarded to vocational and professional disciplines. Many of these universities can also award master's degrees. Generally, there should be three liberal arts colleges and more than two colleges, and it is recognized that they have the right to confer degrees in a wide range of fields. But there are several independent liberal arts colleges. In the former Soviet Union, universities were usually called comprehensive universities (университет), with only humanities, natural sciences and other social sciences departments. Pay attention to the teaching and scientific research of basic subjects. This is the leading part of institutions of higher learning in the former Soviet Union.