The first section, the evolution of human beings

First of all, the long evolution from apes to humans

1, the difference between humans and animals

2. The cognitive process of human origin: from myth and religion to scientific discussion.

3. Three stages of human origin (Engels' division)

4. Four stages of early human development: early ape-man, late ape-man, early homo sapiens and late homo sapiens.

Second, the role of labor in the transition from apes to humans.

1, Paleolithic age

2. The formation of the clan system

trait

Blood clan family: from blood clan group marriage to intermarriage.

Section II, Agricultural Revolution and Neolithic Age

1. Neolithic Age (about 10,000 years ago)

Second, the significance and beginning of the agricultural revolution

Third, matriarchal clan commune.

1, function

2. Marriage form: from group marriage outside the race to pairing marriage.

Third, the origin of class and country.

1, the combination of stones and the great division of labor between times and society

The era of stone and stone combination

The first social division of labor

The second social division of labor

The Third Great Social Division of Labor

2. Transition from matriarchal system to paternal system.

The Transformation of Marriage Form: From Paired Marriage to Monogamy

patrilineal clan commune

3. The emergence of private ownership and the germination of slavery.

4. The disintegration of the clan system.

Personal labor and family

The emergence of rural communes

5. Military democracy and the emergence of the state.

The third section, prehistoric culture.

First, the generation of words

1, sign language or personal sign language

2. Pictures or ideographic symbols

3, hieroglyphs or symbols

4. Pictographs with phonetic properties or symbols (ideographs) expressed according to a certain formula.

5. Pay attention to the letters (Pinyin)

Second, the germination of primitive art and scientific knowledge.

1. Art: painting, sculpture, decoration, music and dance.

2. Scientific knowledge: astronomical knowledge; Calculation; Medical science

Third, primitive religious concepts and worship of gods.

1 comes from ignorance of natural phenomena.

2. Totem worship

3. Worship of natural gods

4. Genital worship

5. ancestor worship

6. Spiritual worship

7. Magic

Exercise:

Thinking about the problem:

1. What kind of cognitive process has human beings experienced about their origin?

2. How to understand the natural and social attributes that distinguish human beings from the animal kingdom?

3. What stages did the origin of mankind go through?

4. How are races divided?

5. What is consanguineous group marriage? Intermarriage and pairing marriage?

9. What is the internal relationship between the replacement of consanguineous group marriage, out-of-race marriage and pairing marriage and the evolution of primitive social organization forms?

10, how did the primitive society disintegrate?

Noun explanation:

1, Neolithic age 2, clan 3, Paleolithic age 4, rural commune 5, three social divisions.

Chapter II Ancient West Asian Civilization

Section 1 Sumerian-Akkadian Civilization

1. Sumerian polis (about 3000 BC-237 BC1year)

1, the geographical environment of ancient west Asia

2. The emergence and characteristics of Sumerian city-states.

City-state political system

Sumerian city-states compete for hegemony.

Second, the unification of the southern part of the two river basins.

1, Akkad Kingdom (237 BC1-2230 BC)

2. The Third Dynasty of Ur (about 265438 BC+065438 BC+03 BC-2006 BC).

Ullner code

Socioeconomic situation

The kingdom of Babylon in the second quarter

I. The Rise and Fall of the Kingdom of Babylon (about 65438 BC+0894 BC-689 BC)

1, the establishment of the kingdom of Babylon.

2. The second, third and fourth dynasties of Babylon.

Second, code of hammurabi.

1, the autocratic rule of Hammurabi

2. code of hammurabi

hierarchy

Slavery system

land system

Lease and employment system

Section 3 Assyrian Empire

First, the rise of Assyria (about 3000 BC)

Three stages of Assyrian history: early Assyria, middle Assyria and Assyrian Empire.

Second, the Assyrian Empire (mid-7th century BC-605 BC)

1, the establishment of the Assyrian empire

2, the main characteristics of the slave economy

The fourth quarter, the new kingdom of Babylon

First, the establishment of the new kingdom of Babylon (BC 1000)

Second, the prosperity of the new kingdom of Babylon-the era of Nebuchadnezzar II

Third, the slave society and the demise of the new kingdom of Babylon (538 BC)

The characteristics of slavery:

Social contradictions:

Section 5 History of Hittites, Phoenicia and Israel

I. Hittites

1, the emergence of Hittite state

The geographical location of Hittite

The formation of Hittite city-states (about BC18th century)

2. The prosperity and decline of Hittite countries (BC15th century-8th century BC)

Extension:

Hittite code:

Second, Phoenicia

1, Phoenicia means "purple country"

2. Phoenician polis (about 2 1 century-8th century BC)

Major city countries: Sidon, Tyre, Bieber, Ugarit, etc.

Characteristics of Phoenician slave country: commerce, navigation and colonization

Three. Israel

1, Palestine

Native Canaanites (3000 BC)

Jewish tribes and Israeli tribes (mid-2000 BC)

2. The emergence of the Kingdom of Israel and the Kingdom of Judea (late 2000 BC)

Fight the Philistines

Israel-Jewish State (BC 10 century)

3. The demise of Israel and the Jewish kingdom.

The subjugation of Israel (72 BC1)

National subjugation of Jews (586 BC)

Judaism

Section 6 Persian Empire

First, the rise and external expansion of Persian countries.

1, the geographical position of ancient Persia and the situation before the Persian state.

Elam and the kingdom of Medea

2. The establishment of the Persian State (550 BC)

Kyros

Cambyses

Gaoheita Movement (522 BC)

Second, Darius I's reform.

1, inscription in Betsch.

2. Persian Empire (5 13 BC)

3. The content of Darius I's reform.

Politics, economy, military, ideology, Zoroastrianism

Third, the demise of the Persian Empire (330 BC).

1, imperial economy

2. The intensification of social contradictions.

Exercise:

Thinking about the problem:

1, the geographical scope and historical content of the ancient two river basins.

2. The main characteristics of city-state politics in Sumer-Akkad period.

3. The characteristics of slavery in Assyrian Empire.

2. The expansion and ruling policy of the new Babylonian kingdom.

3. The background, content and historical significance of Darius I's reform.

Noun explanation:

1, code of hammurabi 2, Phoenician 3, Judaism 4, Beston inscription 5, Persian Empire.

6. Ju Lushi. High Black Tower Movement 8.

Chapter III Ancient Egyptian Civilization

Section 1 Historical clues of ancient Egypt

1. Prehistoric and pre-dynastic civilizations (Bronze Stone Age from Paleolithic to 3 100 BC)

1, ancient Egyptian race

Ham people in northeast Africa and Sem people in west Asia

2. Pre-dynasty civilization (4500 BC-3 BC100 BC)

Badali culture (4500 BC-4000 BC)

Nigada Culture Ⅰ (4000 BC-3500 BC)

Nigada Culture Ⅱ (3500 BC-3 BC100 BC)

Second, the history of Egyptian pharaohs (365438 BC+000-332 BC)

1, Early Kingdom (3 100 BC-2686 BC, 1 Dynasty-Second Dynasty)

First dynasty

Second dynasty

2. Ancient kingdom period (2686 BC-2 BC181year, the third dynasty-the sixth dynasty)

The development of slavery: agriculture, handicrafts, slaves, slave owners and free men.

The strengthening of Pharaoh's authority: Phobos Apollo, the control of administration, legislation, justice and army.

Pyramid construction: It means the Pyramid of Chiapas, the Pyramid of Havla and the Sphinx.

3. The first middle period (2 18 1- 2040 BC, the 7th dynasty-10 dynasty).

4. Middle Kingdom Period (2040 BC-BC 1795 BC1Dynasty-BC 12 Dynasty)

Social and Economic Development and Slavery

The uprising storm of slave civilians

5. The second middle period (BC 1795-BC 1567, 13 dynasty-17 dynasty).

Hixos invasion (over 100)

6. New Kingdom Period (BC 1567- BC 1085, BC 18 Dynasty-20th Dynasty)

The establishment of a new kingdom: Ahmers I, Hatshepsut, Tuthmus III.

Socio-economic and class structure

The Religious Reform of Amundhotep IV: Atong God and Moving the Capital

The intensification of social contradictions and the collapse of the empire

7. Post-Egyptian period (BC 1085-332, 2 1 Dynasty -3 1 Dynasty)

Libyan dynasty (22nd-24th dynasty)

Nubian dynasty (25th dynasty)

Persian dynasty (525-404 BC, 343-332 BC, 27th and 3rd1dynasty)

Four. The long-term conquest of aliens and the collapse of slavery (332 BC-64 AD1year)

1, Macedonia "The Greek Age (332 BC-30 BC)

2. Roman and Byzantine rule (30 BC-6465438 AD)

Section 2 Religious Worship and Funeral Customs

First, religious concepts.

1, clan totem worship

2. Sun God: Lai God and Amon God.

3. The concept of immortality of the soul

Second, the custom of tombs.

1, the construction and significance of the pyramid

2. Mummies

The third section, ancient Egyptian culture.

First, the text

1, graphic

2. hieroglyphics

Second, literature.

1, pyramid mantra

2. Biography of Monument

Step 3: Story

4. Folk songs

5. Travel notes

Third, astronomical calendar.

1, solar calendar

2. constellation

Fourth, medicine.

Verb (abbreviation of verb) mathematics

Sixth, art

1, building

Step 2 carve

3. Art of painting and handicrafts

Exercise:

Thinking about problems;

1. Compare the ancient kingdom with the new kingdom and explain the evolution trend of political life in ancient Egypt.

2. The background, contents and results of Amenhotep IV's religious reform.

3. The main achievements of ancient Egyptian culture.

4. Briefly describe the historical stages of ancient Egypt.

Noun explanation:

1, mummy 2, Qi Application Pyramid 3, Hatshepsut 4, (Amenhotep IV)