1951.00 ——1952.00, studying in Beijing Yu Ying Middle School (now Beijing No.25 Middle School).
1953.00—— 1955.00, studying in Beijing No.5 Middle School.
1955.00—— 1960.09, Department of Economics, Peking University.
1960.09 ——1961.00, Department of Political Education, Gansu Normal University, Lanzhou.
1961.00 ——1984.00, a teacher in the Department of Economics and the Department of International Trade of Xiamen University (in the meantime:1980.00 ——1981.00, 1983 as an associate professor)
1984.00—— 1989.00, Vice President of Xiamen University.
1989.00—— 1993.07, Vice President and Party Secretary of Xiamen University.
1993.07—— 1998.00, vice president of China academy of social sciences (1990 professor, 1994 doctoral supervisor).
1998.00 —— 2004.11,Executive Vice President of China Academy of Social Sciences and Deputy Secretary of the Party Group.
2004.11—— February 2005, Executive Vice President of China Academy of Social Sciences, Deputy Secretary of the Party Group, and Director of the Academic Committee of Social Scientists in China.
2005.02—— Deputy Director of the 10th Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference Economic Commission.
Alternate member of the 12th Central Committee, alternate member of the 13th Central Committee, alternate member of the 15th Central Committee and alternate member of the 16th Central Committee.