1. Qian Sanqiang (19 13- 1992) is a native of Huzhou city, Zhejiang province, born in 19 13, male, party member, nuclear physicist and academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1936 graduated from the department of physics in Tsinghua University, and then went to the Curie laboratory of the University of Paris and the nuclear chemistry laboratory of the French Academy to engage in nuclear physics research, and obtained a doctorate, which was awarded to Henry? Academician of French Academy of Sciences 1946. Budd prize for microphysics. /kloc-returned to China in October, 1948, and successively served as professor of physics department in Tsinghua University, director of Institute of Atomic Energy of Beiping Research Institute, director of Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences (later changed to Institute of Atomic Energy), director and deputy secretary-general of Planning Bureau, deputy director of Second Machinery Department, vice president of China Academy of Sciences, chairman of Chinese Physical Society, honorary chairman of China Nuclear Society, and invited consultant of China Academy of Sciences. 1992 died. One of the pioneers and founders of atomic energy in China. In 1950s, he led the construction of the first heavy water atomic reactor, the first cyclotron and a number of important instruments and equipment in China. China's research work on reactor physics, reactor engineering technology, brazing chemistry radiobiology, radioisotope preparation, high-energy accelerator technology and controlled thermonuclear fusion has been carried out one after another. After the Soviet government stopped its technical assistance to China, on the one hand, it quickly transferred a group of outstanding nuclear science and technology experts to the Second Engine Department to be directly responsible for tackling key problems in all aspects of atomic bomb development; On the other hand, joint research with relevant leading organizations of Chinese Academy of Sciences. Many key technologies were solved in time, which made important contributions to the successful development of the first atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb. As early as 1960, two research groups of neutron physics theory and experiment organized by the Atomic Energy Institute carried out the pre-research work of hydrogen bombs, made theoretical preparations for the development of hydrogen bombs, and made contributions to the development of hydrogen bombs in China only two years and eight months after the first atomic bomb exploded.

2. Qian Ji (19 17- 1983), a native of Jintan county, Jiangsu province, was born in 19 17, male, party member, an expert in space technology and space physics. 1943 graduated from Teachers College of Central University. 1949, he served as deputy director and director of the Institute of Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and head of the Second Satellite Design Institute. 1968, he has served as the director of the overall satellite design department of the Fifth Research Institute of the Seventh Machinery Department, the deputy director of the Fifth Research Institute and the deputy director of the Science and Technology Commission. Director of China Aerospace Society, Vice Chairman of China Space Science Society. 1983 is dead. One of the pioneers of space technology in China. Lead the theoretical research of satellite overall, structure, antenna and environment simulation. Responsible for and organize the development of small thermal vacuum environment simulation test equipment, small and medium-sized centrifuges and shaking table equipment. Responsible for leading the development of space physical detection instruments, sounding rocket head tracking and positioning and data processing equipment, and obtaining rich test data. Participated in the development planning of interstellar navigation, put forward a number of pre-research topics to develop new technologies for satellite development, and did a lot of pioneering work for the early development of China's space technology. 1965: report on the proposal of China's first artificial satellite. Organize the compilation of the development plan of China satellite series, and put forward pre-research topics to lay a preliminary technical foundation for the development of artificial satellites. Responsible for the establishment of the overall satellite design organization, and is the overall person in charge of China's first satellite Dongfanghong-1. At the same time, a lot of technical and organizational leadership work has been done for the development of recoverable satellites. 1964 won the second prize of National Science and Technology Progress Award. 1985 won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress.

3. Yao (1922- 1968), born in 1922, is an expert in metallurgy and aerospace materials in party member. 1945 graduated from Shanghai Jiaotong University, 1947 studied in the Department of Industrial Metallurgy of Birmingham University, England, 195 1 received his Ph.D., 1954 worked as a researcher and assistant professor in the Foundry Research Office of the Metallurgical Department of Ahern University of Technology, Federal Republic of Germany. After returning to China from 65438 to 0957, he served as researcher, director and director of the materials research office of the First Branch of the Fifth Research Institute of the Ministry of National Defense. 1968 is dead. As the first generation expert and technical leader of aerospace materials in China, he has made great achievements in the study of viscosity and fluidity of metals and alloys in modern metallurgy. 1962 formulated the research direction of materials technology in the Fifth Hospital of the Ministry of National Defense, and arranged the pre-research of materials technology according to the requirement of "materials first". In the four years before and after, he put forward a large number of research topics to domestic brother units and carried out more than 500 research topics in the institute. Lead and guide the research of manganese-based solder alloy and brazing technology, develop domestic 1 and No.2 manganese-based solders, and replace the old welding structure of liquid rocket engine in China with brazing structure. The vibration fatigue damage of liquid rocket engine materials and the vibration fatigue damage of liquid rocket welded structure are studied and applied to model development, which plays a guiding role in the design, material selection and manufacture of rocket components. He is rigorous in his studies and leads by example, and has made important contributions to the cultivation of scientific researchers and the construction of work style. 1985 won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress.

4. Zhao Jiuzhang (1907- 1968), a geophysicist from Wuxing, Zhejiang, is an academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1933 graduated from Tsinghua University physics department. 1935 went to Germany to study meteorology, 1938 received his doctorate, and returned to China in the same year. Professor of Southwest Associated University, Director of Institute of Meteorology, China Academy of Sciences. After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as the director of Institute of Geophysics, the president of Satellite Design Institute, the chairman of China Meteorological Society and the chairman of chinese geophysical society. 1968 is dead. One of the founders of China's satellite industry. From 65438 to 0957, he actively advocated the development of China's own artificial satellite. 1958 In August, the Chinese Academy of Sciences set up an artificial earth satellite development team, and he was the main person in charge. In June+10 of the same year, the important suggestion that "China should take the road of self-reliance, from small to large, from low to high" was put forward. Under his leadership, he started the research on using meteorological rockets and sounding rockets for high-altitude exploration, explored the development direction of satellites, established an environmental simulation laboratory, conducted research on telemetry tracking technology, and formed an aerospace science and technology team. 1964, according to the development of domestic vehicles, he put forward the suggestion of developing artificial earth satellites. His development plan and specific exploration scheme of China satellite series have played an important role in determining the overall scheme and key technology development of China's first artificial earth satellite and recoverable satellite. Under his leadership, he also completed the research topics of earthquake observation and shock wave propagation law of nuclear explosion test, and the physical phenomenon of warhead re-entry into the atmosphere. 1985 won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress.

5. Deng Jiaxian (1924- 1986) was born in Huaining County, Anhui Province, 1924, male, party member, nuclear physicist, academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1945 graduated from physics department of The National SouthWest Associated University, and then taught in Peking University. 1948 10 is bound to study in the physics department of Purdue University in the United States, and get a doctorate in physics on 1950, and return to China in the same year. He has served as research assistant and associate researcher in the Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, director of the Theory Department of the Ninth Institute of the Second Machinery Department, deputy director and dean of the Ninth Institute, deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, and deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Nuclear Industry. 12 member of the Central Committee. 1986 is dead. In the research of atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, he led the research of basic theories such as detonation physics, fluid mechanics, equation of state and neutron transport. And made a lot of simulation calculation and analysis on the physical process of the atomic bomb, and took the first step of China's independent research on nuclear weapons. Leading the completion of the theoretical scheme of the atomic bomb and participating in guiding the detonation simulation test of the nuclear test. Immediately after the success of the atomic bomb test, organize forces to explore the design principle of hydrogen bombs and choose technical approaches. 1982 won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award, 1985 won two special prizes of national scientific and technological progress, 1986 won the title of national model worker, 1987 and 1989 won the special prizes of national scientific and technological progress 1 respectively.

6. Wang (1907- 1998), born in Changshu, Jiangsu Province, 1907, male, party member, nuclear physicist, academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1929 graduated from Tsinghua University physics department. 1930 went to study at the University of Berlin, Germany, 1934 received a doctorate in philosophy, and returned to China in the same year. He used to be a professor at Shandong University and Zhejiang University. 1950 Since May, he has served as researcher and deputy director of Institute of Modern Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy director of Dubna Joint Nuclear Research Institute of Soviet Union, deputy director of No.9 Institute of No.2 Machinery Department, deputy director of No.9 Institute of No.2 Machinery Department and director of Atomic Energy Research Institute, deputy director of Science and Technology Committee of Ministry of Nuclear Industry, vice chairman of the Second National Committee of China Association for Science and Technology, vice chairman of Chinese Physical Society, and the first chairman of the third, fourth and fifth sessions of China Nuclear Society. 1998 is dead. One of the main scientific and technological leaders in the development of nuclear weapons, and a pioneer in nuclear weapons research and experiment. During the development of nuclear weapons, he directed and participated in the development of China's atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb. He is the chairman of the Technical Committee for Cold Test of Atomic Bombs, who directed the first underground nuclear test in China and led and organized the second and third underground nuclear tests in China. Important achievements have been made in detonation physics experiment, explosion technology, near-field nuclear explosion detection, anti-electromagnetic interference, anti-nuclear reinforcement technology, laser simulation nuclear explosion experiment and so on. 1964, he and the famous Soviet scientist Basov independently put forward a new concept of laser inertial confinement fusion. He is the founder of inertial confinement fusion research in China. Actively promote the establishment of a high-power laser physics joint laboratory and always guide the research of inertial confinement fusion. Actively guide the Institute of Atomic Energy to carry out research on electron beam pumped hydrogen fluoride laser. 1982 won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award, and 1985 won two special prizes of the National Science and Technology Progress Award.

7. Peng Huanwu (19 15-), born in 19 15, is a physicist and an academician of China Academy of Sciences. 1935 graduated from Tsinghua University physics department. From 65438 to 0938, he went to the University of Edinburgh in England to study abroad, engaged in theoretical research such as solid state physics and quantum field theory, and obtained a doctorate in philosophy and science. 1945 and n? Born * * * Won the McDougall-Braise Class Award of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, UK. 1948 was elected as an academician of the Royal Irish Academy of Sciences. From 65438 to 0947, he returned to China and served as a researcher and deputy director of the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, deputy director of the Ninth Institute of the Second Machinery Department, and deputy director of the Ninth Institute. He led and participated in the theoretical research and design of atomic bombs, hydrogen bombs and strategic nuclear weapons. In neutron physics, radiation fluid mechanics, condensed matter physics, detonation physics and other disciplines, a series of theoretical achievements with important guiding significance for practice have been obtained, and a number of outstanding talents have been trained for China's nuclear cause. 1972 was transferred to the position of deputy director of Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, and 1978- 1983 was appointed as the director of Institute of Theoretical Physics. 1982 won the first prize of the National Natural Science Award, and 1985 won two special prizes of the National Science and Technology Progress Award.

8. Cheng (19 18-) was born in Wujiang City, Jiangsu Province, 19 18, male, party member, an expert in nuclear weapons technology and an academician of China Academy of Sciences. 194 1 graduated from the physics department of Zhejiang university, 1946 went to study and work in the university of Edinburgh, England, 1948 became a researcher at the royal institute of chemical industry after receiving his doctorate. From 65438 to 0950, he returned to China and successively served as an associate professor and professor at Zhejiang University and Nanjing University, deputy director and vice president of the Institute of Nuclear Weapons of the Second Machinery Department, deputy director and director of the Institute of Nuclear Test Base of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, deputy commander of the base, and permanent member and consultant of the Science and Technology Commission. He is currently the consultant of the Science and Technology Committee of the General Armament Department of China People's Liberation Army. One of the pioneers in the development of China's first atomic bomb and one of the founders of China's nuclear weapons test. It is the first in China to calculate the core temperature and pressure of atomic bomb explosion. The study of its implosion mechanism solves the key problems of the atomic bomb and provides an important basis for the explosive power and structural design of the atomic bomb. He founded the Institute of Nuclear Tests, successfully designed and presided over dozens of nuclear tests in different ways, such as the first atomic bomb, hydrogen bomb, missile nuclear weapon and enhanced atomic bomb, which promoted the coordinated development of nuclear weapon design, improvement and test technology. He is the designer of the overall technology of nuclear test, put forward the suggestion of changing underground nuclear test in time, and organized the transformation of atmospheric test to flat hole and shaft test in a short time. The establishment of China's own systematic nuclear explosion and its effect theory laid the foundation for the application of nuclear weapons in our army. It initiated the test and research of nuclear explosion, and played an important role in the development and improvement of weapons, the study of effects and protection. It has created a new field of anti-nuclear reinforcement technology and completed the first anti-load test. 1985 won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress.

9. Huang Weilu (19 16-) was born in Wuhu, Anhui Province, 19 16, male, party member, an expert in rocket technology, and an academician of China Academy of Sciences and International Academy of Astronautics. 1947 graduated from Imperial College, University of London with a master's degree. After returning to China, he successively served as deputy chief designer and chief designer of control system of Dongfeng No.1, Dongfeng No.2 and Dongfeng No.3, chief designer of submarine-launched solid strategic missiles and land-based mobile solid strategic missiles, chief engineer of the Aerospace Department and senior technical consultant of the Aerospace Industry Corporation. The founder of China's solid strategic missile has profound attainments in missile weapon system overall and control technology theory and engineering practice, and has played an important role in solving major key technical problems, making decisions, commanding and organizing the implementation of large-scale engineering schemes. At the end of 1950s, when many disciplines and technical fields related to rocket technology in China were blank, he presided over and broke through the difficulties in the imitation and modification design of the control system of liquid strategic missiles in China, and then solved the theoretical and engineering technical problems such as liquid sloshing, elastomer stability, stage separation and various guidance and stability schemes of long-range multi-stage rockets through his own design, which made the control technology of liquid strategic missiles in China reach a new level. In 1970s and 1980s, in the spirit of independence and self-reliance, he presided over the development and success of China's first submarine and ground-to-ground solid mobile strategic missile, which broke through a series of key technologies, such as underwater launch, leveling and aiming of three-axis stabilized platform with moving base, timely calculation and binding of missile launch elements, development and cold launch of land vehicle, and missile launch attitude control in high sea conditions. 1985 won the national special prize for scientific and technological progress.

10. Tu Shouyi (19 17-) was born in Huzhou, Zhejiang Province, 19 17, male, party member, an expert in rocket technology and structural strength, and an academician of China Academy of Sciences and International Academy of Astronautics. 1940 graduated from The National SouthWest Associated University, 194 1 went to study in the Department of Aeronautical Engineering of Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA, and got a master's degree. 1945 After returning to China, he successively served as an associate professor and professor in The National SouthWest Associated University and Tsinghua University. After 1957, he served as director of research office, director of overall design department, vice president, chief engineer, deputy director of the First Research Institute of the Seventh Machinery Department, deputy director of the Science and Technology Committee of the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astronautics, chief technical consultant of the First Research Institute of Aerospace Industry, and senior technical consultant of the Ministry of Aeronautics and Astronautics. Since the late 1950s, as one of the founders, he has been devoted to the missile and space industry in China. As the director of the overall design department and the deputy chief designer of the surface-to-air missile model, he led and participated in the initial imitation and development of surface-to-air missiles in China.