1. Publish papers in source journals included in CSSCI or SCI/SSCI: NTU requires doctoral students to publish papers in source journals included in CSSCI (Chinese Social Science Citation Index) or SCI/SSCI (Scientific Citation Index/Social Science Citation Index) during their studies.
2. Complete the doctoral thesis and pass the defense: Doctoral students also need to complete a high-quality doctoral thesis and pass the defense. Defense is an important link to show research results and accept expert evaluation, which is very important for doctoral graduation.