The first time was because Wutai Poetry Case was demoted to Huangzhou, because Su Shi had been opposed to the "new law" school headed by Wang Anshi since he entered the court. At that time, his position in the literary world was very high, and his poems caused great repercussions in society, which indirectly hindered the implementation of the "new law" and caused strong dissatisfaction among the reform school. His political opponents collected all his poems and attacked him in court.

Wutai, namely Jade Terrace. According to Zhu Hanbo's Biography, there are cypress trees in the jade platform, and thousands of crows inhabit it, so it is called Wutai, also known as Baitai. Wutai poetry case, that is, Yushitai poetry case. In the second year, he filed a lawsuit in Yuanfeng, Zhao Yong, Song Shenzong (1079). Su Shi is the defendant.

The plaintiffs are: He, who is in charge of the imperial history; Dr. Li Yi from Guo Zi; Li Ding in charge of the empire. They accused Su Shi of writing poems to slander state affairs, opposed the new law, denounced the emperor and demanded that Su Shi be dealt with. This caused the emperor's dissatisfaction and was later demoted.

2. Being demoted to Huizhou

The second time, Su Shi was demoted to Huizhou, but this time, it can be said that he was innocent. After the death of Gao, the leader of the old school at that time, the reformists took the opportunity to become the leading force of the court, and the old school was suppressed by the reformists. Su Shi was completely suppressed by the reformists because of his consistent position and being the leader of the Yuan You Party at that time, and was demoted again.

However, after Su Shi was relegated, he felt at ease in his heart. In October of the eighth year of Song Zhezong, Su Shi was banished to Huizhou. It was late autumn, and Su Shi saw that the tree beside the post station was still green and dripping, so he asked the little official who greeted him what kind of tree it was. Xiao Guan replied that it was a litchi tree. Su was overjoyed and said, "Eat litchi and you can live in Lingnan." It turned out that Su Shi himself loved sweets all his life.

Su Shi was relegated to Huizhou, which is located in Lingnan with a warm climate. Melons and fruits are fragrant all year round, among which litchi, longan, citrus, bayberry and other super sweet fruits are famous far and wide. In others' eyes, Lingnan smoky soil is a paradise in Su Shi's eyes. When he came here, he enjoyed himself and wrote a poem with satisfaction: it is spring at four o'clock in Luofu Mountain, and oranges and bayberry are all new. 300 lychees a day, I don't want to grow up to be a Lingnan person.

3. Being slandered in Zhangzhou?

Danzhou is the most difficult time in Su Shi's life. At that time, Hainan Island was still a wild place, and it was the first choice for the imperial court to exile those criminals who committed the most heinous crimes and never repented. When you get there, the sky is high and the emperor is far away. You can't make mistakes, and no one can hear your complaints. Su Shi, whose family is ruined, is ready to die in Hainan.

"When I arrived in Hainan today, I was the first coffin and the second grave."

62-year-old Su Shi and his two wives died one after another, and his confidante Wang Chaoyun also died in Huizhou. On April 17, Su Shi received an order from Qiongzhou not to drive the Changhua Army to resettle. On the third day, he said goodbye to his family painfully. He left Huizhou, Guangdong Province by boat alone with his youngest son, and a generation of writers drifted on the vast sea ... After more than two months' journey, he finally arrived in Zhonghe Town.

He once described his route as "the northwest corner of our trip is like a half-moon bow" and said that he walked a half-moon arc in the northwest of Hainan. Dongpo rented a house in the yamen to shelter from the wind and rain. After being known by his political opponents a few days later, he ordered Dongpo to be expelled from the yamen. Su Shi wrote his own tragic scene: "There is no room, no meat and no medicine here."

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General comment on characters

Su Shi has high attainments in literature and poetry, and can be called the representative of the highest literary achievement in Song Dynasty. Moreover, Su Shi's creative activities are not limited to literature. He has made outstanding achievements in calligraphy, painting and other fields, and also made contributions in medicine, cooking, water conservancy and other skills. Su Shi is a typical representative of the cultural spirit in Song Dynasty.

Judging from the scope of literary history, Su Shi's significance mainly has two points:

First of all, Su Shi's attitude towards life has become a paradigm admired by later scholars: advancing and retreating freely, not being shocked by humiliation. Because Su Shi integrated the two attitudes of feudal scholars on the same value scale, he was able to keep calm and go all out. Of course, this paradigm is more suitable for scholars who have suffered from ups and downs, and it can lead to a life of integrity and abundance, which is exactly what scholars in the past dynasties after the Song Dynasty hoped to do.

Secondly, Su Shi's aesthetic attitude provides an enlightening aesthetic paradigm for later generations. He embraces the world with a broad aesthetic vision, so everything is considerable and beauty is everywhere. This paradigm has opened up a new world for future generations in subject matter, content and expression. Therefore, it is a historical necessity that Su Shi is universally loved by later literati.