1, environmental adaptation. It is more common among freshmen.
2. Learning problems. The common learning problems of college students are mainly manifested as: learning purpose, learning motivation, learning methods, learning attitude, poor academic performance and so on. During college, most people often don't pay as much attention to study as they did in high school. The main aspects of learning problems are unclear purpose, insufficient motivation and bad attitude.
3. interpersonal problems. How to get along well with the classmates around and establish harmonious interpersonal relationships is an important topic for college students. Compared with high school, college students pay more attention to interpersonal problems than to study, which has become one of the main sources of psychological problems for college students. Interpersonal problems are often manifested as difficulties in getting along with others, lack of intimate friends, lack of necessary communication skills, excessive compromise, and the resulting painful feelings of loneliness, depression, lack of support and care.
4. Love and sexual psychological problems. College students are in the middle and late adolescence, and sexual maturity is an important feature. Love and sexual problems are inevitable. Generally, it includes: unrequited love, frustration in love, the relationship between love and school, and the revenge of emotional breakdown. The common sexual psychological problems include: obsession, and fear, anxiety and worry caused by premarital sex and campus cohabitation.
5. Personality and emotional problems. Personality disorder is a serious psychological disorder among college students, and its formation is related to growth experience. The reasons are complex, mainly manifested in inferiority, cowardice, dependence, nervousness, extreme, hostility, loneliness, depression and so on.
6. Job hunting and career selection are common problems among senior students. After entering the society, they often feel a lot of confusion and worry. How to choose your career, how to plan your career, what skills you need to apply for a job, and so on. Will bring more or less troubles and worries.
7. neurosis. Sleep difficulties, anxiety, depression, compulsion, hypochondriasis and phobia are all clinical symptoms of neurosis.
The seventh problem is the psychological problem of deviating from the normal state, which requires professional psychological or psychological treatment. For most students, they often encounter the first six kinds of psychological troubles, which are mainly caused by many realistic social and psychological factors and are often temporary. After your own active adjustment or seeking the help of your teacher, you can restore your psychological balance and adaptation.
Second, how to face their own "psychological problems"
With the popularization of mental health education, people's understanding of mental health has gradually deepened, but college students' attitude towards other people's psychological confusion is more rational than their own. When it comes to themselves, they are indecisive, embarrassed and often at a loss. In order to improve this mentality, it is suggested that:
1, face it calmly. Mental health and physical health are the same. People will inevitably have such and such problems in their lives. Psychological confusion is just a normal state of growth. Without problems, there will be no growth, so there is no need to make a fuss and complain.
2. Don't rush to "diagnose". Psychological problems themselves are varied, and the causes are often complicated. Don't blindly take some books out of context, or listen to hearsay, and be eager to "sit in the right place" to determine what disease you have. It is of course necessary to find out the problems, but most of the problems of college students are developmental, and many of them are "growing pains". There's really no need to scare yourself.
3. divert attention. Psychological problems often have such a characteristic, that is, the more attention is paid, the more serious it becomes. Therefore, don't always stare at your so-called problems, don't pay too much attention to yourself, and turn your attention to all aspects of study, life and work. It is very beneficial to mental health to have something you are interested in and devote yourself to it.
4. Adjust the law of life. Many times, as long as you adjust your accustomed life rules slightly, it will bring a brand-new feeling to your whole mental outlook. The so-called psychological problems are also easily solved.
5. Don't be afraid of getting sick. For serious and difficult psychological problems, you can also seek the help of experts and mental health institutions.
Three, the general principles and measures of individual maintenance and promotion of mental health
1, develop a good sense of self.
2. Self-respect and self-love.
3. Develop good interpersonal relationships.
4. Cultivate good social adaptability.
5. Give up prejudice and ask for help.
6. Actively practice, apply the above ideas to your own life, and adjust your psychological life and reaction in time.
Fourth, the causes of mental health problems of college students and solutions
The psychological problems of college students are complex, changeable and unique, and their causes are also varied. In the specific treatment process, it is necessary to comprehensively and carefully analyze the causes, so as to prescribe the right medicine and solve the problem quickly and effectively.
1. Changes in environment and angle lead to psychological conflicts.
The role, status and living environment of college students are very different from those of high schools. First of all, college students should arrange their own lives and deal with problems in study, life and interpersonal relationships by their own abilities. However, according to a survey, 80% students have never washed clothes at home before, so their self-care ability is poor and they are highly dependent on their parents. Life problems have put some pressure on these students. Secondly, the university's criteria for judging students' merits are no longer just academic achievements, but include factors such as organizational management ability and interpersonal communication ability. The diversity of these standards makes some students who have excellent grades but are mediocre in other aspects feel uncomfortable, and their self-esteem is strongly impacted, resulting in psychological loss and inferiority.
In view of this situation, we should first improve our living ability, which is the first step to adapt to school and an important step to adapt to social life. Secondly, we need to learn to correctly evaluate ourselves, objectively evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of ourselves and others in different environments, and realize that everyone has strengths and weaknesses. We should carry forward our strengths and overcome them, instead of feeling inferior or giving up on ourselves because of our weaknesses.
2. Anxiety caused by study pressure.
Nowadays, universities have strict requirements for students' study. If they fail in several courses, they will be in danger of losing their degrees or even dropping out of school, which has caused some psychological pressure on students. In addition, universities pay more attention to students' self-study ability. Some students are frustrated because of improper learning methods and unsatisfactory grades, and the resulting tension is anxiety. Moderate anxiety level and necessary awakening and tension are necessary for people's study and work, but persistent and serious anxiety will make people lose confidence, interfere with normal thinking, and thus hinder learning.
Starting from the following aspects: first, we should establish correct and moderate learning standards, establish appropriate ambition levels, and avoid excessive anxiety caused by excessive expectations. In addition, it is necessary to improve self-study ability, master suitable learning methods and formulate good learning measures to effectively improve academic performance. If the anxiety is serious and lasts for a long time, it should be eliminated through psychological help.
3. Bad interpersonal relationships lead to emotional and personality disorders.
With the development of economy, the increase of social wealth, the popularization of modern household appliances, the weakening of the concept of brothers and sisters in urban families and the lack of neighborhood communication brought about by family planning, teenagers live in a relatively closed environment and are not good at communication. In addition, in college, interpersonal relationship is much more complicated than that in high school, which requires students to learn to interact with all kinds of people and gradually become socialized. However, some students are unable or difficult to adapt, and always ask others according to their own standards, thus causing obstacles to interpersonal communication. Poor interpersonal relationship will lead to lack of communication, psychological tension, depression and loneliness, which will affect normal study and life.
For students with bad interpersonal relationships, we should first learn to treat ourselves and others correctly and overcome cognitive prejudice. In addition, we should strengthen personality cultivation, overcome inferiority and shyness, and correct bad personality characteristics such as hypocrisy and selfishness. Thirdly, it is necessary to master certain communication principles and skills in order to establish normal interpersonal relationships and ensure the normal study and life.
4. Emotional troubles caused by love
College students are in adolescence, their physiological functions are mature, and they gradually demand love. However, if this problem is not handled well, it will directly affect their mental health, study and life. At present, college students' love troubles are mainly the discomfort of both sides, the trouble of sexual impulse and the lack of ability to deal with emotional entanglements in love.
It is not desirable for college students to fall in love during school, but it cannot be suppressed. To guide them correctly, students should treat their differences correctly and cultivate their ability to do so. Treat yourself and your lover correctly. When you are in emotional distress due to love, you should promptly channel your emotions, so that negative emotions can be reasonably vented, so as to ensure normal study and life and maintain mental health.
5. Psychological pressure caused by employment pressure.
It is a common problem for college graduates to find a job, and it is even more difficult to find an ideal job. Various problems encountered in the process of choosing a job (such as unsatisfactory work unit, fear of incompetence, inexperience, etc.) ) have caused great pressure on college students who are about to graduate. This kind of pressure is vented through some improper channels, such as throwing things around, drinking and fighting, and being negative and world-weary. Therefore, it is very necessary for college students, especially graduates, to pursue careers, adjust their job-hunting mentality and choose jobs that suit them. We should know ourselves, including our physical and psychological qualities (such as intelligence, interest, attitude, temperament, ability, etc. ), which can be carried out with the help of some psychological testing tools, such as temperament survey scale. Secondly, students should understand the basic situation of various occupations. On the basis of these two aspects, choose a career that suits your own characteristics. At the same time, we should also learn basic job-hunting skills, so as to give full play to our advantages in the job-hunting process and show our true talents to improve ourselves. Finally, we should correctly face the setbacks in job hunting, adjust our mentality and constantly strive to find opportunities.
6, the lack of their own psychological quality. Such as one-sided self-knowledge, emotional fragility, impulsiveness, instability, weak will, cowardice, vanity, indifference and stubbornness, lack of correct outlook on life and positive attitude towards life, poor ability to resist setbacks, neglect of mental health and lack of psychological adjustment skills. We should enrich our psychological knowledge, enhance our mental health awareness, learn the basic skills of psychological adjustment, and strive to cultivate and improve our psychological quality.