Yuan Dingzong lived for two years (1247), and was recommended by Liu to enter the shogunate of Mongolian prince Kublai Khan, becoming one of the main counselors of Kublai Khan's secluded house. After Kublai Khan succeeded to the throne, he successively served as Zuo Cheng, Senior Minister of Agriculture, Zhong Cheng, Tuling Taishi Librarian of Zhaowen Museum, and Tang emissary. Tired to push into, Dezuoyun hero, Taishi, Kaifuyi, Third Division, Lord, chasing Wei Guogong, loyalty and righteousness.
In the process of Kublai Khan's unification of China, Zhang Wenqian went south with the army many times. In the army, Liu repeatedly advised Kublai Khan: a teacher of Wang should be treated equally without fighting, and should not be addicted to killing. Kublai Khan listened to the advice and gradually changed the old habit of plundering land and killing cities. He ordered the generals not to kill people at will after entering the Song Dynasty, not to burn houses indiscriminately, and to release all prisoners. These measures not only played an important role in the victory of the Yuan army, but also protected the primitive civilization in the conquered areas to the maximum extent.
Zhang Wenqian is in a high position, but he is simple and simple. What he put forward was Yao and Shun's way of benevolence and righteousness, which made important contributions to stabilizing the country, establishing discipline, restoring the economy and making calendars in the early Yuan Dynasty. Qian Wen was a famous minister in the early Yuan Dynasty and a historical celebrity in Hebei Province. County chronicles, local chronicles and provincial chronicles are all circulated.
The story of the characters mainly tells that in the first year of the unification of China (1260), Kublai Khan proclaimed himself emperor, and Zhang Wenqian was promoted to Zuocheng, a Chinese book, to help Kublai Khan establish a system of rules and regulations. Soon, Zhang Wenqian used Zuo Chengxing's name in the Chinese book to publicize and care about the affairs of the Ministry, and actively advocated having fun with the people and recuperating, which was praised by the people. When managing Daming, Zhang Wenqian attached great importance to Guo Shoujing, inspecting water conservancy, regulating rivers and developing production in this area. In the third year of the unification of China (1262), Zhang Wenqian recommended Guo Shoujing, who was clever and proficient in astronomical calendars, to Kublai Khan in Yuan Shizu, giving Guo Shoujing, who was gifted, a good opportunity to give full play to his talents.
In the first year of Zhiyuan (1264), Zhang Wenqian took Zuo Zhuan, a book written in Han Dynasty, as a guide, and went to Xixia (now Ningxia, Gansu and parts of Inner Mongolia) to rectify the official administration, advocate learning, attach importance to education, actively spread the advanced culture of Han Dynasty, and changed the backward and vulgar customs of Qiang nationality in Xixia. In Xixia, Zhang Wenqian also supported Guo Shoujing to dredge and repair ten channels, such as Tanglai and Han Yan, so that more than 10,000 hectares of land were irrigated, and Xixia reappeared the scene of "Jiangbei".
In the seventh year of Yuan Dynasty (1270), the Central Committee of Yuan Dynasty set up the Department of Agriculture (later renamed the Department of Agriculture), and Zhang Wenqian took part in the attack and concurrently served as the Department of Agriculture. At that time, there were four patrol departments to persuade farmers, who were responsible for persuading farmers to mulberry, water conservancy, rural studies and Yicang respectively. These agricultural officials traveled all over the country to persuade farmers to protect mulberry trees and guide production. A few years later, their effects were obvious, and the benefits of planting spread all over the world, which effectively promoted the economic recovery and development in the early Yuan Dynasty.
In 13th year of Yuan Dynasty (1276), after the Yuan Dynasty destroyed the Southern Song Dynasty and unified the world, Zhang Wenqian was in charge of Taishi Museum, and as a university of Zhaowen Museum, he was fully responsible for making calendars. With the support and leadership of Zhang Wenqian, Wang Xun, Guo Shoujing and others led Japanese officials from the north and the south to conduct an unprecedented space flight test nationwide, and got a lot of accurate astronomical data. In the 17th year of the Yuan Dynasty (1280), they compiled the most advanced chronicle in the world at that time, which pushed the ancient astronomy in China to a peak.
Anecdote Zhang Wenqian lived in Geli, Shahe City (now Gecun, Shahe City), and his father Zhang Ying moved south to Nanyang, Dengxian County, Henan Province (now Dengxian County, Henan Province) to avoid the mutiny. Qian Wen was born in Nanyang. When I was three years old, I returned to my hometown with my parents. When there was war in my hometown, I fled to the Western Hills for refuge. On one occasion, the pursuers came suddenly at night, and some companions left their babies to run for their lives, but Qian Wen's parents finally escaped regardless of the danger. After the situation stabilized a little, Zhang Ying found a job in the state to manage the military treasury, and Qian Wen also had the opportunity to read and write. In order to help parents support their families as soon as possible, Qian Wen began to learn more practical documents and books. When his father knew about it, he asked him to study Confucian works for his "great cause". Same age as Liu, like-minded, and studied with him in Zijinshan, Western Zhou Dynasty. Besides Confucian classics, I also study astronomy, geography and calculation methods. Qian Wen is very clever. After several years, he has made great progress in his studies. Yuan Taizong's ten-year trial election in Daming House (1238) was released from the corvee at home.
On Liu's recommendation, he entered Kublai Khan's shogunate and won Kublai Khan's appreciation, so he became an official and became a council official. And Zhang Wenqian didn't forget to recommend talents to Kublai Khan. Guo Shoujing, which he recommended, not only made great achievements in building water conservancy, but also participated in compiling the most advanced calendar in the world at that time. Yuan Shizu Kublai Khan named it "Chronological Calendar" after the old saying "respect for the people". The chronograph calendar takes 365.2425 as one year old, which is only 26 seconds away from the modern observed value of 365.2422. Its accuracy is equivalent to the Gregorian calendar, but it is more than 300 years earlier.
After Zhang Wenqian's death, he was buried in the ancestral temple on the west side of Shahege Village. The tombstone reads Li Xi, a future scholar and an upright bachelor. After his son Zhang Yan was buried, his tomb was moved to the west village of Xingtai City, and there was a new biography of Zhang written by Bachelor Kui Zhangge and Hanlin Yuji. At present, neither cemetery exists.
The book tablet says that he is "modest, honest, kind and easy-going, posing as a poor scholar" and has no other hobbies. The History of Yuan Dynasty, Biography of Hermit, records that he "only collected thousands of books." When he died, there was little money left at home, and books and cabinets were passed on to future generations.
According to historical records, there is a biography of Zhang Wenqian in the volume 157 of Yuan History. The full text is as follows: Zhang Wenqian, whose name is Zhong Qing, is from Shahe, xing zhou. Young and intelligent, good at memorizing, with Taibao Liu Tong. Sai-jo lives in a secluded mansion and is divided by Xingzhou. He was recommended by Zhong Bing, and Qian Wen can be used. Ding Wei was summoned to respond to the decree and ordered the Minister of Palace Affairs to trust him more and more. When Xingzhou was in a hurry, it was divided into two thousand households and became the food city of Chen Xun. At the age of 20, it sent someone to supervise the collar. I don't even know how to cure it, so I ask for it. People are suffering or suing Wang Fu. Qian Wen and Bingzhong said to Sai-jo, "People's livelihood is difficult today, and Moxing is the worst. If you choose someone to rule it, blame its effectiveness, and let the four sides take the law, then the world will give it. " Therefore, I chose Jin Chen Tuotuo, Shang Shu Liu Su and Assistant Minister Li Jian. The three of them arrived in Xing, helped each other to govern, washed away greed and violence, and returned to the exile, with the number of households increasing tenfold. Therefore, the ancestors began to attach importance to Confucian scholars from Qian Wen and let them govern the country.
19 1 1 year, and Xian Zong acceded to the throne. Qian Wen and Bingzhong counted those who took the current affairs first, told them to our ancestors, and implemented them themselves. The sai-jo levied Dali, but Gao Xiang, the Lord of a country, refused to kill the messenger and fled. When sai-jo gets angry, he will slaughter his city. Qian Wen remonstrated with Yao Shu, saying, "Gao Xianger refused to live, and it was not a civil crime to kill him. Please forgive him. " So Dali people rely on it all their lives. I'm no longer with you, sai-jo. I'll cut the commander of Song. Qian Wen and Bing Zhong said, "If there is no war in your division, you should treat it equally, and you should not be addicted to killing." Sai-jo said, "I will leave this statement to you and others." As soon as they entered the Song Dynasty, they ordered the generals not to kill people or burn down other people's houses before they knew what they had got.
In the first year of reunification, sai-jo acceded to the throne and established the province of Zhongshu. Wang Wentong was appointed as Pingzhang politics, and Qian Wen was appointed as Zuocheng. Establish a discipline to explain the benefits of diseases and serve the security of the country and the convenience of the people. As soon as the imperial edict came out, there was hope for peace in the world. However, when the literary tradition is taboo, when Hume asks for it, he promises repeatedly, and the product can't be even. Qian Wen suddenly discovered that he had written a letter to an official to announce it. On the eve of the disaster, China people unanimously said, "The people have been trapped for a long time, and the situation is severe. If we don't cut taxes, how can we comfort the hope of coming to the Soviet Union? "
Wen Tong said, "How can the state-owned assets be supplied after the new accession to the throne and the suspension of taxes?" Qian Wen said, "There are enough people. Which one is better than the other? When the time comes, it is not too late to take it when you are one year old. " So we often give four things, and the business wine tax is two things. In the spring of two years, I came to Korea and returned to live in * * *. Start to establish the left and right departments, talk about common affairs, do everything in detail, and be modest and more powerful. For three years, Ahema was in charge of the left and right departments and financial use. He wants to play solo, regardless of the white paper, and ask the courtiers to discuss it. Qian Wen said, "In ancient times, there was a principle of dividing money, and the book was unforeseeable and unreasonable." If Zhong Shufu asks, will the son of heaven hand it over in person? "The emperor said," Zhong Qian is right. "
In the first year of Zhiyuan, Chair Zhao's Zuo Cheng was the way to save Xixia and Zhongxing. Qiang people's customs and customs are chaotic. Qian Wen trapped scholars in Shu middle school among five or six prisoners, and asked them to learn from them, so that they could learn from officials, write books in ten days, and their children knew how to read, and customs changed. Dredge the second canal of Tanglai and Hanyan, irrigate hundreds of thousands of hectares of land, and benefit the people. Three years, still in Korea. Thousands of people from all over the world have discussed it for a long time. Qian Wen said that B's underage hukou was broken, and those who were not occupied by slaves could return to their homes, and the rest of the good people were not slaves. Discuss decisions and abide by the law. In the past five years, Wang Hu, a demon in Zizhou, misled people and arrested more than 100 people. Prime Minister An Tongyong said modestly, "It's enough to punish a fool for his ignorance." The imperial edict ordered Qian Wen to go to prison, but three people abandoned the city and the rest were released.
In the past seven years, I have paid a visit to the Minister of Agriculture, made various speeches to give advice to the agricultural sector, toured classes, invited me to open a village and offer sacrifices to farmers and silkworms. Reply to Dou Mo's invitation to establish a country. Xu Heng was appointed as a national son to offer wine, and the children of nobles were selected for education. At that time, Ahema proposed to catch folk iron, cast agricultural tools by officials and distribute them to the people at high prices. He founded the banking department in Dongping, Daming to make money, and various transshipment departments to interfere in politics and harm the people. Qian Wen pointed out that this was discussed in front of the emperor.
Thirteen years, moved to the suggestion of cheng. Ama was worried about Xian Tai's treachery, but he tried his best to shake it and was beaten back by Qian Wen. However, I know that I am jealous of the traitor and want to go. Immersed in Da Li Ming for a long time, Hui Shizu ordered Xu Heng and others to make a new calendar. He was awarded a bachelor's degree from Qian Wen Zhaowen Museum and led Imperial College London to manage the museum. Thanks to the parliament, 19 years. More than sixty-eight, sick, sixty-eight.
In his early days, he studied Confucius under Liu. Making friends with Xu Heng in his later period is the essence of the theory of justice. People are just plain, and what they put forward is Yao and Shun's way of benevolence and righteousness. Counting your blessings is not your gains and losses, but your carelessness. There are only tens of thousands of books at home. In particular, it is our duty to introduce talents, and it is more beneficial to talk more. Tired to push into, Dezuoyun hero, Taishi, Kaifuyi, Third Division, Lord, chasing Wei Guogong, loyalty and righteousness.
The eldest son is strict, and the official is the suggestion, giving Shaanxi Province Pingzhang political affairs and sealing Wei Guogong and Shi Wenjing.