19 17 entered Munich university to study literature and medicine. 19 18 November Revolution broke out in Germany, and he was sent to a field hospital for service. After the failure of the revolution, he continued to study in the university and became interested in drama. In the same year, he wrote his first short story "Barr", attacking the hypocrisy of bourgeois morality, and completed the play "Drumming at Midnight" in 1920. 1922 wrote "Urban Jungle" and wrote a drama review. 1922 was hired as a drama consultant and director by Munich Small Theatre. 1924 at the invitation of the famous director Reinhardt, he went to Berlin as a drama consultant of the German theater and wrote the script "Man is Man". From 65438 to 0926, Brecht began to study Marxism-Leninism, formed his own unique artistic viewpoint, and initially put forward the theory and practice of epic (narrative) drama. His works include: The Rise and Fall of Mahagoni City (1927), Opera for Three Penny (1928), St. Helena in the Slaughterhouse (1930), Baden Educational Drama, Measures, Exceptions and Agreements and other educational dramas. 193 1 year, Gorky's novel Mother was adapted into a stage play. 1933 Hitler came to power. He fled Germany with his wife and children and began to live in exile for 15 years. 1948 10 returned to Berlin (East) to settle down. From 65438 to 0949, he founded and led the Berlin Theatre Company together with Hannah, and personally conducted and fully practiced his epic drama performance method. 1956 died of a heart attack in August.
His major plays include: Round-headed Party and Pointed Party, Terror and Disaster of the Third Reich, Guns of caral and menstruation, Biography of Galileo, Bold Mother and Her Children, Sichuan Good Man, Master Pantilla and his footman McGrady, as well as the revised stage plays Shuaike in World War II and Grey Lange in Caucasus, etc. He also expounded the theoretical principles and performance methods of epic drama in the form of speeches, papers and script notes, among which the more important ones are Separation of China's Drama Performing Arts, On Experimental Drama, Buying Brass Tube and New Skills of Performing Arts. After 1948, his plays include Days of Commune and Du Lang Duet. Theories and works include Dramatic Gadgets, Supplement to Dramatic Gadgets, Bold Mother and Her Children, etc. Brecht was the vice president of the German Academy of Democratic Sciences, and won the National Award 195 1 and Lenin Peace Prize 1955. Brecht's epic drama theory was gradually formed in the 1920s and 1930s in the struggle with the bourgeois ideological trend of art for art's sake. He called for the establishment of a new type of drama, namely epic drama, which is suitable for reflecting the characteristics of human life in the 20th century. This kind of drama uses dialectical materialism and historical materialism to understand and reflect life, breaks through the "three unifications" scriptwriting method, adopts a freely stretched drama structure form, and shows the broad and colorful content of life in many aspects, so that readers can see the real face of life and its complexity and contradiction through numerous character scenes, which can arouse people's thinking and inspire people's enthusiasm for changing society. Brecht divided drama into two types: one is a drama created according to the standard defined by Aristotle in Poetics, which he called dramatic drama or Aristotle-style drama; One kind is the drama created in violation of Aristotle's standards, which he calls epic drama or non-Aristotle drama.
Brecht's performance method advocates "alienation method", also known as "defamiliarization method", which is a new aesthetic concept and a new performance theory and method. Its basic meaning is to make ordinary things extraordinary by artistic methods, reveal the causal relationship of things, expose the contradictory nature of things, and make people realize the possibility of changing reality. But as far as the performance method is concerned, the "separation method" requires the actor to keep a certain distance from the role, rather than integrating the two. The actor should be higher than the role, control the role and perform the role.
Brecht's drama is an important school of German drama in the 20th century, which has great influence on the world drama. In the process of its formation, this school not only inherited and innovated the European and German realistic traditions, but also borrowed from the eastern culture, especially the Japanese classical drama and China opera. He spoke highly of China's opera art, held a positive attitude towards Stanislavsky's system, and repeatedly talked about his contribution to the realistic performing arts.
Lin Zhaohua believes that "Mr. Huang is indispensable. He is the general director of Shanghai People's Art Theatre. In 1950s, he began to introduce Brecht School to China. In 1950s, he created some Brecht-style plays. At that time, Brecht was still a stranger to China's drama circle, but after the reform and opening up, Brecht's plays, epic plays and often talked about defamiliarization effects had a great influence on China's drama circle. "
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