Starting from the social environment of the development of colleges and universities, this paper discusses the current development status and problems of higher education, and puts forward some suggestions for the reform of higher education, hoping to provide reference for the related education and teaching reform.
Keywords: education reform; Innovative development; College students; personnel training
I. Overview of the current situation of higher education
With the development of society, the state's support for education is increasing, and people's awareness of the importance of education is increasing. 1999, colleges and universities have been expanding their enrollment in line with the development trend. The enrollment expansion of colleges and universities has responded to the needs of society, brought its own development to colleges and universities, and also brought problems to be solved urgently. Here are the research views on students, teachers and universities.
Going to college and receiving higher education is every child's dream since childhood. Ten years of cold window is the first, and following the list is a new life. People from different places, different nationalities, different educational backgrounds, different growth experiences and so on meet in a fantastic campus. They are all ignorant teenagers, who have almost no concept of future development and are full of curiosity and expectation for the courses they will face. After enrolling students, schools should actively educate and guide students, including not only their thoughts and lives, but also their main tasks, possible careers and career prospects during their college years. Not only graduate students need to make a training plan, but also undergraduates need a clear training plan. The training plan for each person's specific situation can include academic students, applied students and entrepreneurial students.
The material basic conditions of modern universities have been fundamentally improved. The construction of higher education project 2 1 1 and 985, as well as a series of policies, measures and legal guarantees for the diversified reform of higher education, have made universities of different levels and sizes gradually enter an orderly competition state. However, since the enrollment expansion of 1999 colleges and universities, the contradiction between the huge scale of college construction, the sharp increase in the number of students, excessive specialization, single knowledge structure and the employment difficulties of college graduates, the difficulty of college students' professional skills to meet the needs of the labor market, and the generally low comprehensive quality of college students has not only prevented colleges and universities from breaking the predicament of high debt, but also seriously affected the higher stage of higher education-the cultivation of innovative talents.
In the economic era, the role of university education should be changed from providing students with knowledge and technology to creating an environment conducive to human investment, so that most employed people can become creative knowledge workers with professional knowledge and technology. The society once again calls on universities to return to the mainstream tradition of talent cultivation, knowledge innovation and social service. The entrepreneurship education in China University, which is characterized by cultivating innovative talents, came into being under this socio-economic and cultural background. This practice of cultivating "entrepreneurial talents" beyond traditional "academic" and "professional" conforms to the objective requirements of the era of knowledge economy. It is the result of the internal motive force of China University's transformation from elite education to mass education and from "junior college education" to "general education", and it is also the innovative mechanism of China's theory of diversified development of modern university education.
Second, some suggestions on the direction of higher education reform.
From the perspective of system theory, students, schools and society are an interactive whole system. Students' school life directly faces school management, and they should actively face the future and prepare for the society. Schools should not only manage students, but also guide students how to go to society and integrate into society; The society accepts students' employment and tests the teaching management effect of the school. Problems in any link will inevitably lead to deviations in the structure and function of the system. To ensure the good structural stability and functional stability of the system, it is necessary to have a timely and accurate system feedback structure. Through feedback, external conditions, including institutional and environmental changes, can be reflected in the system in time, and the system can make corresponding adjustments quickly to ensure its own functions. At present, there are some problems in higher education. Education reform can't keep up with the development and changes of society or market economy, which leads to institutional imbalance. The low employment rate of college students is the most direct manifestation, which requires a strong adjustment mechanism to make the system quickly balanced and promote social development. Therefore, the specific reform can start from the following aspects:
(A) to improve students' autonomous learning ability
Due to the rigid professional curriculum system in colleges and universities, students cannot adapt to the fierce market competition after graduation. A large number of facts have proved that in the past century, the timeliness of knowledge has been shortened rapidly, and since entering 2 1 century, scientific knowledge has increased sharply in a short time. In today's world, on average, more than 1 10,000 papers are published every day, one paper is published every 35 seconds, and all kinds of books increase by 250,000 every year. By 1976, 50% of the knowledge acquired by college graduates is outdated. The knowledge of college students can be used for 30 years in the 1950s and 10 years in the 1990s. Therefore, colleges and universities should cultivate students' good learning attitude and stimulate students' strong interest in their fields. Especially in the teaching of specialized courses, teachers should provide students with ways to track and understand the development trends, hot issues, difficult issues and scientific development trends of academic frontiers, so that students can update their own knowledge and ensure that they will not be eliminated in the rapidly developing information science era.
(B) to improve students' practical ability
Mckinsey, an internationally renowned consulting firm, pointed out in the report "Dealing with the looming talent shortage in China" that although the number of college students in China is more than twice that in the United States, due to over-theorization, only less than 10% of China's education system can meet the requirements of multinational companies. Therefore, under the trend of economic globalization, the cultivation of practical ability is the key for China talents to go global. Colleges and universities should strive to provide more practical opportunities for students, so that students can have a clear understanding of the application of knowledge in their own professional fields. At the same time, internship can also let students get in touch with the society directly, understand the society and lay a good foundation for integrating into the society faster after graduation.
(3) break the old discipline and professional system and establish a discipline system that meets the market requirements.
In 2006, the employment survey of college students in China showed that 59. 1% of the employers surveyed thought that the current university curriculum was unreasonable, and 50% of them clearly pointed out that the unreasonable curriculum in the current university education was a restrictive factor for the employment of college students. At present, the division of higher education majors in China is too fine, which dilutes interdisciplinary knowledge. Some professional students have repeatedly hit a wall in their employment because recruiters have never even heard of this major. It can be seen that the subject setting in colleges and universities is out of touch with social needs. Colleges and universities are places to train talents, and talents represent the future of the country, so the training system and methods of colleges and universities should be highly valued. On the one hand, we should understand the social needs and adjust the students' training plan in time; On the other hand, we can publicize the professional setting of colleges and universities to enterprises, provide internship opportunities for marginal majors (majors that the society doesn't know much about), and let students publicize what they can do in practice, which can not only push students to the society, but also test the necessity of setting this major in colleges and universities.
(4) Encourage students to actively start businesses.
Generally speaking, the growth rate of college graduates will not exceed the growth rate of the national economy, and then the society will develop more stably. Now, the former is several times as many as the latter, which makes it difficult for a large number of college graduates to find jobs in order to win job opportunities by lowering their wages, and also makes it difficult for people with low academic qualifications to find jobs. Therefore, under the favorable conditions that the country provides a good entrepreneurial policy environment, colleges and universities should actively respond to this policy, encourage students to start their own businesses, innovate industries and brands, and at the same time stimulate employment. The specific implementation can be carried out by publicizing the policy of self-employment, interpreting entrepreneurial procedures, setting up entrepreneurial training courses, and establishing entrepreneurial exchange groups.
Three. abstract
China has attached great importance to education since ancient times, and the development of modern society is inseparable from good education, which is directly reflected in higher education. The development of higher education is related to the development of the whole country, and we must ensure that this link cannot deviate from the whole system. Good feedback mechanism and good adjustment response method are the keys to ensure the stability of the system. Therefore, we should proceed from the overall situation and fully cooperate with the development of higher education. At the same time, colleges and universities themselves should carry out major reforms, actively reform the education and teaching mode, cultivate talents needed by society, adapt to the needs and development of the whole social environment in time, and constantly inject new vitality and breath into the social and economic life of the country to ensure the steady development of socialist society.
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